3rd Annual International Conference in Classical and Byzantine StudiesAthens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER) Athens, 02/06/2020

Pindaric Intertextuality in Sophocles’ Trachiniae (497-530)

Alessio RannoScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy

Essential bibliography

Jebb, R.C. 1892. Sophocles. The Plays and Fragments. Part V: The Trachiniae. Cambridge.

Van der Valk, M.A.L.H. 1967. «Remarques sur Sophocle Trachiniennes 497-530.» REG 80: 113-29.Longo, O. 1968. Commento linguistico alle Trachinie di Sofocle. Padova.

Burton, R.W.B. 1980. The Chorus in Sophocles’ Tragedies. Oxford.Easterling, P.E. 1982. Sophocles. Trachiniae. Cambridge.

Poliakoff, M.B. 1982. Studies in the Terminology of the Greek Combat Sports. Frankfurt am Main 1982.Poliakoff, M.B. 1987. Combat Sports in the Ancient World: Competition, Violence and Culture. New Haven.

Lloyd-Jones, H.; Wilson, N. 1990. Sophoclis fabulae. Oxford.Lloyd-Jones, H.; Wilson, N. 1990. Sophoclea. Studies on the Text of Sophocles. Oxford.

Davies, M. 1991. Sophocles. Trachiniae. Oxford.Lloyd-Jones, H. 1994. Sophocles. Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Philoctetes, Oedipus at Colonus. Cambridge (MA).

Davies, M. 2004. «Heracles and Achelous.» Maia 56: 249-58.Rodighiero, A. 2004. Sofocle. La morte di Eracle. Venezia.

Rodighiero, A. 2008a. «Formularità epica e dizione tragica: un caso di scomposizione.» In Studi in onore di Gilberto Lonardi, ed. G. Sandrini.Verona: 289-302.Rodighiero, A. 2008b. «Confluenza di generi lirici, allusività epica e performance corale in Soph. Trach. 495-530.» In Il dramma sofocleo: testo,lingua, interpretazione, ed. G. Avezzù. Verona: 293-369.García Romero, F. 2009. «Lessico agonistico nelle Trachinie di Sofocle», Nikephoros 22: 33-57.

Swift, L.A. 2011. «Epinician and tragic worlds: the case of Sophocles’ Trachiniae.» In Archaic and Classical Choral Song: Performance, Politicsand Dissemination, eds. L. Athanassaki, E. Bowie. Berlin/Boston: 391-413.Rodighiero, A. 2012. Generi lirico-corali nella produzione drammatica di Sofocle. Tübingen.

Soph. Trach. 497-506 (Lloyd-Jones, Wilson 1990)

μέγα τι σθένος ἁ Κύπρις· ἐκφέρεται νίκας ἀεί. [στρ.]καὶ τὰ μὲν θεῶνπαρέβαν, καὶ ὅπως Κρονίδαν ἀπάτασεν οὐ λέγω 500οὐδὲ τὸν ἔννυχον Ἅιδαν, ἢ Ποσειδάωνα τινάκτορα γαίας·ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τάνδ’ ἄρ’ ἄκοιτιν<τίνες> ἀμφίγυοι κατέβαν πρὸ γάμων,τίνες πάμπληκτα παγκόνιτά τ’ ἐξ- 505ῆλθον ἄεθλ’ ἀγώνων;

Cypris is / has a great power: she always carries off victories.I pass over the stories of the gods,and I do not relate how she deceived the son of Kronos,or Hades enveloped in night,or Poseidon who shakes the earth.But for this bridewho were the mighty antagonists that entered the contest for the marriage,who was it that stepped forward to the contest of battle,full of blows and dust?

PriamelSapph. fr. 16 V. 1-4Ο]ἰ μὲν ἰππήων στρότον, οἰ δὲ πέσδων, Some men say an army of horse cavalry, others, a mass of foot soldiers,οἰ δὲ νάων φαῖσ' ἐπ[ὶ] γᾶν μέλαι[ν]αν and still others claim a host of ships to be the most beautiful thingἔ]μμεναι κάλλιστον, ἔγω δὲ κῆν' ὄτ- upon the black earth. But I say that thing is

τω τις ἔραται what ever one loves

Pind. Ol. I 1-7Ἄριστον μὲν ὕδωρ, ὁ δὲ χρυσὸς αἰθόμενον πῦρ Best is water, while gold, like fire blazingἅτε διαπρέπει νυκτὶ μεγάνορος ἔξοχα πλούτου· in the night, shines preeminent amid lordly wealth.εἰ δ’ ἄεθλα γαρύεν But if you wish to singἔλδεαι, φίλον ἦτορ, of athletic games, my heart, μηκέτ’ ἀελίου σκόπει 5 look no further than the sunἄλλο θαλπνότερον ἐν ἁμέρᾳ φαεν- for another star shining more warmly by day

νὸν ἄστρον ἐρήμας δι’ αἰθέρος, through the empty sky,μηδ’ Ὀλυμπίας ἀγῶνα φέρτερον αὐδάσομεν nor let us proclaim a contest greater than Olympia

Eur. Ep. in Alc. fr. 1σὲ δ’ ἄγαμαι, I am amazed at you, son of Cleinias. Victory is a beautiful thing, but the mostὦ Κλεινίου παῖ· καλὸν ἁ νίκα, beautiful thing, which no other of the Hellenes has had, you have had, to beκάλλιστον δ’, ὃ μήτις ἄλλος Ἑλλάνων, first and second and third in the chariot-race and to go without labour, crownedἅρματι πρῶτα δραμεῖν καὶ δεύτερα καὶ τρίτα<τα>, 5 with the laurel of Zeus, to make the herald cry your name aloudβῆναί τ’ ἀπονητὶ Διὸς στεφθέντ’ ἐλαίαικάρυκι βοὰν παραδοῦναι

μέγα τι σθένος ἁ Κύπρις· ἐκφέρεται νίκας ἀεί coni. Wakefield (νίκας pl. acc.)μέγα τι σθένος ἁ Κύπρις ἐκφέρεται νίκας ἀεί codd. (νίκας sing. gen.)(see Σ ad loc. σθένος νίκης· περιφραστικῶς τὴν νίκην)

Eur. El. 958 […] ἔχει γὰρ ἡ Δίκη μέγα σθένος

PraeteritioIbyc. fr. 10a PMGF 10-19νῦ]ν δέ μοι οὔτε ξειναπάταν Π[άρι]ν 10 Now it [was] not my desire to sing of host-deceiving..] ἐπιθύμιον οὔτε τανί[σφ]υρ[ον Paris or slender-ankled Cassandra and the otherὑμ]νῆν Κασσάνδραν children of Priam and the unspeakable day whenΠρι]άμοιό τε παίδας ἄλλου[ς high-gated Troy was captured. […]Τρο]ίας θ’ ὑψιπύλοιο ἁλώσι[μο]νἆμ]αρ ἀνώνυμον· […] 15

Pind. Ol. XIII 91-5διασωπάσομαί οἱ μόρον ἐγώ· I shall pass over his death [Bellerophon] in silence:τὸν δ’ ἐν Οὐλύμπῳ φάτναι Ζηνὸς ἀρχαῖαι δέκονται but Pegasus has found his shelter in the ancient stablesἐμὲ δ’ εὐθὺν ἀκόντων of Zeus in Olympus. But I, while casting the whirlingἱέντα ῥόμβον παρὰ σκοπὸν οὐ χρή javelins with straight aim, must not miss the mark asτὰ πολλὰ βέλεα καρτύνειν χεροῖν 95 I speed many shafts with the strength of my hands

Pind. Nem. V 14-18αἰδέομαι μέγα εἰπεῖν I shrink from telling a great deed not ventured justly,

ἐν δίκᾳ τε μὴ κεκινδυνευμένον, how they left the famous island and what god droveπῶς δὴ λίπον εὐκλέα νᾶσον, the brave men from Oenona. I will stop, for not every

καὶ τίς ἄνδρας ἀλκίμους 15 exact truth is better coming to light; and silence for aδαίμων ἀπ’ Οἰνώνας ἔλασεν. man is often wiser than knowledge.

στάσομαι· οὔ τοι ἅπασα κερδίωνφαίνοισα πρόσωπον ἀλάθει’ ἀτρεκές·καὶ τὸ σιγᾶν πολλάκις ἐστὶ σοφώ-

τατον ἀνθρώπῳ νοῆσαι.

Τίς… / τί…;

Il. I 8-9Τίς τάρ σφωε θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι; Who then of the gods was it that brought these twoΛητοῦς καὶ Διὸς υἱός […] together to contend? The son of Leto and Zeus […]

Pind. Ol. II 1-2Ἀναξιφόρμιγγες ὕμνοι, Hymns, commanders of the lyre, which god, whichτίνα θεόν, τίν’ ἥρωα, τίνα δ’ ἄνδρα κελαδήσομεν; hero, which man shall we celebrate?

Pind. Ol. X 60-3τίς δὴ ποταίνιον 60 Who won the first garland, with the skill of hisἔλαχε στέφανον hands or feet or chariot, setting the boast of victoryχείρεσσι ποσίν τε καὶ ἅρματι, in his mind and achieving it with his deeds?ἀγώνιον ἐν δόξᾳ θέμενος

ὖχος, ἔργῳ καθελών;

Pind. Pyth. IV 70-2τίς γὰρ ἀρχὰ δέξατο ναυτιλίας, 70 What beginning of their seafaring welcomed them?τίς δὲ κίνδυνος κρατεροῖς ἀδάμαντος What danger bound them with strong bolds ofδῆσεν ἅλοις; […] adamant?

Hor. Carm. 1.12.1-3 Quem virum aut heroa lyra vel acri What man or hero on your lyre or shrillTibia sumis celebrare, Clio? pipe do you, Clio, mean to celebrate?Quem deum? […] What god? […]

Soph. Trach. 508-16 (Lloyd-Jones, Wilson 1990)

ὁ μὲν ἦν ποταμοῦ σθένος, ὑψίκερω τετραόρου [ἀντ.]φάσμα ταύρου,Ἀχελῷος ἀπ’ Οἰνιαδᾶν, ὁ δὲ Βακχίας ἄπο 510ἦλθε παλίντονα Θήβαςτόξα καὶ λόγχας ῥόπαλόν τε τινάσσων,παῖς Διός· οἳ τότ’ ἀολλεῖςἴσαν ἐς μέσον ἱέμενοι λεχέων·μόνα δ’ εὔλεκτρος ἐν μέσῳ Κύπρις 515ῥαβδονόμει ξυνοῦσα.

One was the strength of a river, high-horned and four-legged,in the form of a bull, Achelous from Oeniadae. The other came from BacchicThebes, brandishing his springing bow, spears and club,the son of Zeus. Then they came togetherin the middle, longing for her bed;And Cypris, blesser of marriages, stood alonein the middle as umpire.

Soph. El. 693-6τούτων ἐνεγκὼν πάντα τἀπινίκιαὠλβίζετ’, Ἀργεῖος μὲν ἀνακαλούμενος,ὄνομα δ’ Ὀρέστης, τοῦ τὸ κλεινὸν Ἑλλάδος 695Ἀγαμέμνονος στράτευμ’ ἀγείραντός ποτε.

Himer. Decl. XXIV 22-7 […] ὁ δεῖνα τοῦ δεῖνος […] τῷ κηρύγματι καὶ ἔθνος καὶ γένος

Pind. Pyth. I 32-3Πυθιάδος δ’ ἐν δρόμῳ κά-ρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν [Aetna] ἀγγέλ-

λων Ἱέρωνος ὑπὲρ καλλινίκουἅρμασι […]

Pind. Ol. V 1-8Ὑψηλᾶν ἀρετᾶν καὶ στεφάνων ἄωτον γλυκύντῶν Οὐλυμπίᾳ,̆ Ὠκεανοῦ θύγατερ, καρδίᾳ γελανεῖ

ἀκαμαντόποδός τ’ ἀπήνας δέκευ Ψαύμιός τε δῶρα·ὃς τὰν σὰν πόλιν αὔξων, Καμάρινα, λαοτρόφον[…] τὶν δὲ κῦδος ἁβρόν 5νικάσας ἀνέθηκε, καὶ ὃν πατέρ’ Ἄ-

κρων’ ἐκάρυξε καὶ τὰν νέοικον ἕδραν

Paus. VI 10.6Κλεοσθένης μ’ ἀνέθηκεν ὁ Πόντιος ἐξ Ἐπιδάμνου,

νικήσας ἵπποις καλὸν ἀγῶνα Διός

CEG 399 = Ebert 16Εὔθυμος Λοκρὸς Ἀστυκλέος τρὶς Ὀλύμπι’ ἐνίκων·

εἰκόνα δ’ ἔστησεν τήνδε βροτοῖς ἐσορᾶν

[…] in all the contests that the judges announced, he carried away theprize, and men deemed him happy as often as the herald proclaimed him anArgive, by name Orestes, son of Agamemnon, who once marshalledGreece’s famous expedition.

Name and father’s name […] are announced, and then ethnic group andfamily

[…] when the herald at the Pythian racecourse proclaimed the name ofAetna, announcing Hieron's triumph with the chariot […]

Daughter of Ocean, with a smiling heart receive the sweet bloom of loftyexcellence and Olympian garlands, the gifts of Psaumis and of his mule carteam with untiring feet. Psaumis who, exalting your city, Camarina, whichcares for its people, honored the six double altars, at the greatest festivalsof the gods, with the sacrifice of oxen and in contests on the fifth day,contests of horse teams, and mule teams, and of riding the single horse. Toyou he has dedicated rich renown by his victory, and he had his fatherAcron and his new-founded home proclaimed by the herald.

Cleosthenes son of Pontis, a native of Epidamnus, dedicated me / afterwinning with his horses a victory in the glorious games of Zeus

Euthymos of Lokroi, son of Astykles, having won three times at Olympia, /set up this figure to be admired by mortals

ὁ μὲν ἦν […] ὁ δὲ […] (508-10)

ποταμοῦ σθένος (508)

Il. XVIII 607 Ἐν δ’ ἐτίθει ποταμοῖο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο Therein he [Hepahestus] set also the great might of the river Ocean

Il. XXI 194-5 τῷ οὐδὲ κρείων Ἀχελώϊος ἰσοφαρίζει, Neither the powerful Achelous can vie with him [Zeus], οὐδὲ βαθυρρείταο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο 195 nor the great might of the deep-flowing Ocean

Orph. fr. 16 B. = P. Derv. col. XXIII 9-12[μήσατο δ αὖ] Γαῖάν [τε καὶ] Οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν [ὕπερθεν], And he [Zeus] contrived Gaia and wide Uranus above,μήσατο δ’ Ὠκεανοῖο μέγα σθένος εὐρὺ ῥέοντος. and he contrived the great strength of the wide-flowing Ocean.ἶνας δ’ ἐγκατέλεξ’ Ἀχελώϊου ἀργυροδίνεω, He placed in it the sinews of silver-eddying Achelous,ἐξ οὗ πᾶσα θάλασ[σα from which the whole sea...

μέγα τι σθένος ἁ Κύπρις

(U U — U U)

ποταμοῖο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο

ποταμοῦ σθένος […] Ἀχελῷος

(U U — U U)

ἦλθε παλίντονα Θήβας […] παῖς Διὸς (510-13)

Il. VIII 266 Τεῦκρος δ’ εἴνατος ἦλθε παλίντονα τόξα τιταίνωνAnd Teucer came as the ninth, stretching his back-bent bow

Il. XII 298τὴν ἄρ’ ὅ γε πρόσθε σχόμενος δύο δοῦρε τινάσσωνThis he held before him, and brandished two spears

[…] ὁ δὲ Βακχίας ἄποἦλθε παλίντονα Θήβαςτόξα καὶ λόγχας ῥόπαλόν τε τινάσσων

Pind. Isthm. III/IV 70-8 (~ fort. Isthm. IV 52-60)καί τοί ποτ’ Ἀνταίου δόμους And yet once from Cadmean Thebes a man short inΘηβᾶν ἄπο Καδμεϊᾶν μορφὰν βραχύς, stature but of unbending spirit came to Antaeus’ homeψυχὰν δ’ ἄκαμπτος, προσπαλαίσων ἦλθ’ ἀνήρ in order to fight against him […] the son of Alcmenas,[…] who went to Olympus, after exploring all the lands and υἱὸς Ἀλκμήνας· ὃς Οὔλυμπόνδ’ ἔβα, γαίας τε πάσας the cliff-walled hollow of the gray sea, and making safeκαὶ βαθύκρημνον πολιᾶς ἁλὸς ἐξευρὼν θέναρ, the route for shipping. But now he lives with the Aegis-ναυτιλίαισί τε πορθμὸν ἡμερώσαις. Bearer {Zeus}, enjoying the noblest happiness: he isνῦν δὲ παρ’ Αἰγιόχῳ {Διῒ} κάλλιστον ὄλβον honored as a friend by the immortals, he is married to ἀμφέπων ναίει, τετίμα- Hebe, he is lord of a golden home and son-in law of Hera.

ταί τε πρὸς ἀθανάτων φίλος, Ἥβαν τ’ ὀπυίει,χρυσέων οἴκων ἄναξ καὶ γαμβρὸς Ἥρας.

Pind. Nem. I 35-6 […] ἐπεὶ σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος αὐ […] when the son of Zeus suddenly came out of his

τίκα θαητὰν ἐς αἴγλαν παῖς Διὸς mother’s womb into the brilliant light, escaping herὠδῖνα φεύγων διδύμῳ birth-pangs, with his twin brother

σὺν κασιγνήτῳ μόλεν

Soph. Trach. 510-13[…] ὁ δὲ Βακχίας ἄποἦλθε παλίντονα Θήβαςτόξα καὶ λόγχας ῥόπαλόν τε τινάσσων,παῖς Διὸς […]

Soph. Trach. 517-22 (Lloyd-Jones, Wilson 1990)

τότ’ ἦν χερός, ἦν δὲ τό- [ἐπ.]ξων πάταγος, ταυρείων τ’ ἀνάμιγδα κεράτων·ἦν δ’ ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες, ἦν δὲ μετώ- 520πων ὀλόενταπλήγματα καὶ στόνος ἀμφοῖν.

Then there was a clatter of fistsand bows / arrows,and mixed with it the sound of the bull’s horns;there were close grapplings,deadly blows of the forehead and groans from both.

Tότ’ ἦν […] κεράτων (517-8)

Σ ad Soph. Trach. 517-9 τότε οὖν ὁ Ἡρακλῆς καὶ χερσὶ καὶ τόξοις ἐμάχετο, ὁ δὲ Ἀχελῷος τοῖς κέρασινThen Heracles fought with his hands and bows / arrows, Achelous with his horns

Aesch. Sept. 103 κτύπον δέδορκα· πάταγος οὐχ ἑνὸς δορόςI have seen the beating: it’s the clattering of not just one spear!

Αristoph. Ach. 539 κἀντεῦθεν ἤδη πάταγος ἦν τῶν ἀσπίδωνAnd from there came the clattering of the shields

Plut. Tim. 28.4.3 τῶν ὅπλων ὁ πάταγοςThe clattering of weapons

Il. I 43-7Ὣς ἔφατ’ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δ’ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,βῆ δὲ κατ’ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων χωόμενος κῆρ,τόξ’ ὤμοισιν ἔχων ἀμφηρεφέα τε φαρέτρην· 45ἔκλαγξαν δ’ ἄρ’ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ’ ὤμων χωομένοιο,αὐτοῦ κινηθέντος· ὃ δ’ ἤϊε νυκτὶ ἐοικώς

So he [Chryses] spoke in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heard him. Downfrom the peaks of Olympus he strode, angered at heart, bearing on hisshoulders his bow and covered quiver. The arrows rattled on the shouldersof the angry god as he moved, and his coming was like the night […]

Leagros Group (attributed to), Attic Black Figure Amphorawith Heracles and Achelous, ca. 510-500 BC; Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art (no. inv. Toledo 1952.65)

ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες (521)

Σ Trach. 520b κλίμακες αἱ ἐπαναβάσεις παρὰ τὸ ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω αὐτοὺς στρέφεσθαι ἐν τῇ μάχῃAristoph. fr. 50 K.-A. ἐκλιμάκισεν, ὥστε εἰς μέσην ἔπεσε τὴν τάφρονPlat. Com. fr. 132 K.-A. 1 Χαίρεις, οἶμαι, μεταπεττεύσας αὐτὸν διακλιμακίσας τεPoll. III 155 καὶ πλαγιάζειν δὲ καὶ κλιμακίζειν παλαισμάτων ὀνόματαPhot. δ 388 Διακλιμακίσας· διαπαλαίσας· κλῖμαξ γὰρ καὶ κλιμακισμὸς πάλαισμα ποιόν (Plat. Com. fr. 132 K.-A.)Phot. ε 425 ἐκλιμάκισεν· παρεστράφη καὶ ἐξέκλινεν. Ἀριστοφάνης Ἀναγύρῳ […] (Aristoph. fr. 50 K.-A.)

Pancratiasts, 1st cent. AD; Florence, Uffizi Gallery (no. inv. 1914 n. 216)

Ov. Met. IX 50-61Ter sine profectu voluit nitentia contra 50reicere Alcides a se mea pectora; quartoexcutit amplexus, adductaque bracchia solvit,inpulsumque manu — certum est mihi vera fateri —protinus avertit, tergoque onerosus inhaesit.[…] inposito pressus mihi monte videbar.vix tamen inserui sudore fluentia multobracchia, vix solvi duros a corpore nexus.instat anhelanti, prohibetque resumere vires,et cervice mea potitur. tum denique tellus 60pressa genu nostro est, et harenas ore momordi.

Three times without success Hercules tried to push my gleaming chest away from him. At the fourth attempt, hebroke my grip, loosed himself from my constricting arms, and with a blow of his hand – Certainly, I myselfconfess it is the truth – he turned me about, and clung, with all his weight, to my back. […] I seemed to have amountain pressing on top of me. With difficulty I thrust my arms, pouring with sweat from the great effort ittook, under him, and, with difficulty, freed his firm hold on my body. He pressed me hard, as I gasped for breath,prevented me from gathering my strength, and gripped my neck. Then, at last, my knee touched the ground, andmy mouth tasted sand.

ἀμφίπλικτοι κλίμακες coni. Ηeadlam

Soph. fr. 596 R.δράκοντε θαιρὸν ἀμφιπλὶξ εἰληφότεTwo snakes gripping with coils the pivot of the door

Poll. II 172[…] τὸ διαβαίνειν οἱ ποιηταὶ ἀμφιπλίσσειν λέγουσι, καὶ τὸ περιβάδην ἀμφιπλίξ […]

Poets use the word amphiplíssen to say «stride», and amphiplíx for «astride»

Hsch. π 2600Πλίγμα· βῆμα, ἀπὸ τῶν κυλιομένων καὶ παλαιόντων, ὅταν περιβάντες τοῖς σκέλεσι κατέχωσιν

Plígma: «step». It comes from those rolling in the ground and fighting [pancratiasts], when they mount on the other’s backand block him with their legs

Hsch. π 1807[…] οἱ γὰρ ἀλεῖπται τὸ βῆμα πλίγμα λέγουσιν[…] trainers in gymnasia call the «step» plígma

μετώπων […] πλήγματα καὶ στόνος ἀμφοῖν (521-2)

Σ ad Soph. Trach. 520-2 τοῦτο ἐπὶ Ἀχελῴου· οἱ γὰρ ταῦροι τοῖς κέρασι καὶ μετώποις μάχονταιThis is referred to Achelous: in fact, bulls fight with their horns and foreheads

Luc. Anach. 1 […] ὠθοῦσί τε ἀλλήλους συννενευκότες καὶ τὰ μέτωπα συναράττουσιν ὥσπερ οἱ κριοί[…] they put down their heads and begin to push, and crash their foreheads together like a pair of rival rams

Ov. Met. IX 45 et digitos digitis et frontem fronte premebam[…] I pushed at him […] fingers locked with fingers, and head to head

Marble base of a kouros with wrestlers (found in the area of Kerameikos), 6th cent. BC: Athens, National Archaeological Museum (no. inv. 3476)

Cic. Tusc. II 56[…] pugiles vero […] in iactandis caestibus ingemescunt, non quod doleant animove succumbant, sed quiaprofundenda voce omne corpus intenditur […]

[…] Boxers in fact […] groan in the swinging of their gauntlets, not because they feel pain or are losing heart, but because by the burstof sound the whole body is made more tense […]

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