Appendix I:Glucose Conversion Between mg/dl and mmol/L

This is the fourth edition of this book to include all blood glucose levels in both mg/dl andmmol/L. Parts of the world use one system, and other parts use the other system. This will allowthe book to now be used by both. An easy way to make the conversion from mg/dl to mmol/L isto divide by 18. To convert mmol/L to mg/dl, multiply by 18. The table below may also help.

mg/dl mmol/L mg/dl mmol/L mg/dl mmol/L mg/dl mmol/L

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10 = .615 = .820 = 1.125 = 1.430 = 1.7 35 = 2.040 = 2.345 = 2.550 = 2.855 = 3.060 = 3.365 = 3.670 = 3.975 = 4.280 = 4.585 = 4.790 = 5.095 = 5.3

100 = 5.5105 = 5.8110 = 6.1115 = 6.4120 = 6.7

125 = 7.0130 = 7.3135 = 7.5140 = 7.8145 = 8.0150 = 8.3155 = 8.5160 = 8.9165 = 9.2170 = 9.5175 = 9.8180 = 10.0185 = 10.3190 = 10.5195 = 10.8200 = 11.1205 = 11.3210 = 11.6215 = 11.9220 = 12.2225 = 12.5230 = 12.8235 = 13.0

240 = 13.3245 = 13.6250 = 13.9255 = 14.2260 = 14.5265 = 14.7270 = 15.0275 = 15.3280 = 15.6285 = 15.8290 = 16.1295 = 16.4300 = 16.7305 = 16.9310 = 17.2315 = 17.5320 = 17.8325 = 18.0330 = 18.3335 = 18.6340 = 18.9345 = 19.2350 = 19.4

355 = 19.7360 = 20.0365 = 20.3370 = 20.6375 = 20.8380 = 21.1385 = 21.4390 = 21.7395 = 21.9400 = 22.2425 = 23.6450 = 25.0475 = 26.4500 = 27.8525 = 29.2550 = 30.5575 = 31.9600 = 33.3625 = 34.7650 = 36.1675 = 37.5700 = 38.9

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Appendix II:Shopping List and Approximate Cost of Diabetes Supplies

Supplies Cost in Dollars

Equipment for InjectionsRegular 30.00NPH 30.00NovoLog 80.00Humalog 80.00Lantus 65.00Alcohol Sponges (Box of 100) 2.50BD Lo Dose Insulin Syringes

(Box of 100) 25.00OrMonoject 1cc Insulin Syringes

(Box of 100) 30.00NovoLog Pen 50.00-60.00Humalog Pen 50.00-60.00Lantus Pen (OptiClik) 50.00-60.00

Equipment for Urine TestingKetodiastix #100 22.00Ketodiastix #50 10.00Ketostix #100 20.00Ketostix #50 12.00Ketostix #20 (foil wrapped) 7.00Chemstrip uGK #100 13.00Chemstrip K #25 20.00

Equipment for Blood Glucose Testing

Finger stick device 10.00-25.00Lancets (Box of 200) 11.00One Touch Strips #50 50.00Precision Strips #100 75.00Blood Glucose Monitor

(with memory) 70.00-140.00Chemstrip BG #50 35.00

Miscellaneous SuppliesInsta-Glucose 4.00BD Glucose Tablets 2.50Identification bracelet or

necklace 2.50-20.00Glucagon 85.00

Index 317

ACE-inhibitor, 240ACTH, 243Acesulfame-K, 106Acidosis, 163, 165-167, 169Addisons disease, 243Adolescence, 203Adrenal problems, 243, 245Adrenaline (epinephrine), 36,

37, 46-48, 145, 151Adult-onset diabetes, 21Advantages (pumps), 280-282Age-related responsibilities,

193-202Alcohol, 108, 162Alternate site testing, 55Amylin, 25Analog, 74Anger, 95Anorexia, 189, 191Antibodies

GAD, 16ICA512, 16Insulin autoantibody(IAA), 16Islet cell antibody (ICA),16, 19

Anxiety, 95Apidra, 66, 70Aspartame, 106Atrophy, 89Autoimmunity (self-allergy),

15, 16

Baby-sitters, 269-272Bath, 36, 46, 48Basal, 280, 287-289, 298Bedtime blood sugar, 52, 54Binge eating, 189, 191Birth control pills, 212Birth defects, 241, 301Blood sugar goals, 221Blood sugar testing, 49-64Blood sugars (pregnancy), 302,

303Bolus, 280, 289-298

Bulimia, 189, 191Bus travel, 255

C-peptide, 22Calorie needs, 125Camp, 273, 275-277Carb choice, 120, 124Carbohydrate, 99Carbohydrate counting meal

plan, 117-123, 135Cataract, 237, 245Causes (hypoglycemia), 36Causes (type 1 diabetes), 15Causes (type 2 diabetes), 18Celiac disease, 244, 245Cerebral edema, 171Chemstrip K, 31Cholesterol, 101, 111, 113,

132, 159Cigarettes (tobacco), 236, 239,

247, 248Clinic visits, 216, 220College, 210College letter, 214Coma, 165Complications (diabetes),

235-250Consistency, 209Constant carbohydrate meal

plan, 117, 135Contact lenses, 249Continuous glucose

monitoring (CGM), 57, 58, 309, 312

Correction (bolus), 289-291,298

Correction factor, 228, 232Cure, 308, 309, 311

DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial),73, 74, 154, 236, 238,240, 245

DR3/DR4, 16Dehydration, 165, 170

Delayed hypoglycemia, 45, 145Denial, 94Denting, 89Depression, 189, 191Dermatitis herpetiformis, 245Detemir (levemir), 67, 70, 74DexCom STS, 58Diabetes prevention program

(DPP), 140, 141, 151, 310Disadvantages (pumps), 282,

283Driving (car), 210Dry mouth, 165Dual wave, 292

Eating disorders, 189Education, 3Emergency care, 180Emotions, 211Environment, 15, 17Exchange meal plan, 123, 124,

135Exercise, 137Exercise (pump), 296, 297Extended wave, 292External sugar, 10-12Eye problems, 237Eye problems (pregnancy), 304

False reaction, 38, 39, 51Family responsibilities, 5Fat, 100Fax, 216Feelings, 93Fiber, 104, 112, 113, 132Field days, 256Flu shots, 181, 183Fluids, 168, 177Foil-wrapped Ketostix, 33Folic acid, 303, 305Foot problems, 242Fructosamine, 159Fructose, 100, 111

Gastroparesis, 246

Index

318 Index

Genetics, 15, 16Gestational diabetes, 305Glucagon, 43, 44, 47, 48Glucagon-like peptide

(GLP-1), 25Glucagon (school), 253Glucophage (metformin), 24Glucose records, 293Glucose (sugar), 100, 111,

156, 157Glucose tolerance test

(OGTT), 23Gluten, 244, 246Grace period, 12Grandparents, 269-272Grief, 94Growth hormone, 206Guardian RT (CGM), 57Guilt, 95Gym (PE), 256

HbA1c, 136, 153, 157, 158HDL cholesterol, 101, 103HLA types, 16Heart attacks, 241High blood sugar, 295, 296High blood sugar (school),

255Honeymoon period, 12Hot tub, 36, 46, 48Humalog, 66, 70Hypoglycemia, 35-47, 131Hypoglycemia (exercise),

143-149Hypoglycemia (pumps), 294,

295Hypoglycemia (school), 254,

255Hypoglycemic unawareness,

37, 38, 41, 47Hypotrophy, 89

I/C ratios (pumps), 289IDEA (Individual Disabilities

Education Act), 258Infusion sets (pumps), 287,

288, 292Ingrown toenails, 242

Inject-Ease, 89Innovo pen, 87Insuflon, 72, 88Insulin, 10, 65-75Insulin

Adjusting dose, 225Increasing dose, 224, 227Reducing dose, 222, 226

Insulin/Carb (IC) ratio, 118,119

Insulin and exercise, 147, 148Insulin pens, 86-88Insulin pumps, 279-300Insulin pumps (school), 256,

265Insulin reaction, 35-47Intensive diabetes

management, 70Internal sugar, 10-12Islet cells, 12, 17, 19

Joint contractures, 241

Ketoacidosis (DKA), 165-169Ketones, 29-33, 51, 163,

165-169Beta ketone (blood), 30Urine ketone, 30

Ketostix (ketodiastix), 31Kidney disease, 239, 240, 249Kidney problems (pregnancy),

304

LDL cholesterol, 101, 103Label reading, 107, 108Lactose, 100, 111Lantus, 67-70Lantus dosing, 229, 231Laser treatment, 238, 246Leak-back, 83, 90Legal rights (school), 257Lens, 237, 238, 246Letter (school), 267Levemir (detemir), 67, 70, 74Lifestyle, 22, 24Low blood sugar, 35-47Low blood sugar prevention,

223

Low dose glucagon, 178Low-fat, 113

Macroalbuminuria, 240Mannitol, 112Medical identifications, 45, 46Medicool, 278Meters (blood glucose), 56Metformin (glucophage), 24Microalbumin, 239, 240, 246,

247, 250, 310Microaneurysms, 238Microvascular, 247Milk, 134Missed boluses, 282, 300

NPH, 66, 67, 70Navigator, 58Necrobiosis, 245Needle fear, 188Needles (for pens), 88Neotame, 106Nephropathy, 239, 240, 246Neuropathy, 240, 246Nighttime lows, 37Non-insulin dependent

diabetes (NIDDM), 21NovoLog, 66, 70Nutrition, 97, 115Nutrition (pregnancy), 303

Oral medicines, 24, 25, 27Overnights, 202, 205

Pancreas, 9, 10, 12, 13Parties (school), 255Peers, 207Pens, 86-88Phenergan, 178, 183Plugged needle, 92Pop (soda), 136Potassium, 168-170Pre-eclampsia, 301Precision Xtra meter, 31, 32Pregnancy, 241, 301-305Prevention (hypoglycemia),

38, 43Prevention (type 1), 309

Index 319

Prevention (type 2), 310Proliferative retinopathy, 238,

246Protein, 98, 133Protein (urine), 247Psychological disorders, 189Pump problems, 296

Reading label, 107, 108Record sheets, 62, 63Regular, 66, 70Retinal, 238, 246Retinal detachment, 246Retinopathy, 237, 238Rule of 500, 289

Saccharin, 106Sadness, 94Salt, 133School, 190, 251-268School emergency plan, 263School health plan, 252,

260-262School supplies, 252, 259Seizure, 37, 42, 47Sex hormones, 206Sexual function, 245Sexuality, 208

Shock, 94Shower, 36, 46, 48Sick-day, 173-181Sick-day medications, 180Single-parent families, 185,

186Skills (diabetes-related), 193,

202Skin problems, 245Sliding scales, 230, 233Smart pumps, 280, 297, 291Snacks, 127, 129, 130, 131Snacks and exercise, 14Standards of care, 218, 219Starch, 100, 134Stevia, 106Stress, 154, 155, 162, 187,

188Sucralose, 106Sucrose, 100, 111Sugar (glucose), 100, 111,

156, 157Support groups, 218Surgery, 181, 182Symptoms (diabetes), 10Symptoms (hypoglycemia),

36, 37

TSH, 243Teen years, 203Telephone, 216Temporary basal rate, 285, 296Thinking scales, 230, 232Three day food record, 104,

109, 110Thyroid, 206Thyroid problems, 243, 246,

248Trans-fat, 101, 111Travel, 273-275, 277, 278Treatment (hypoglycemia),

39-42Triglyceride, 101, 159Type 1 diabetes, 9, 12Type 2 diabetes, 9, 13, 18,

21-26

Vacations, 273Viagra, 245Vitreous, 239, 246Vomiting, 165, 177, 178

Websites, 4, 317Weight loss, 10

320

H. PETER CHASE, MD is the past Executive andClinical Director of the Barbara Davis Center forChildhood Diabetes in Denver, CO. In addition, he is aProfessor of Pediatrics at the University of ColoradoHealth Sciences Center in Aurora, CO.

Dr. Chase received his education at the University ofWisconsin in Madison, WI. He completed hisinternship and residency at the University of Utah andStanford University. A fellowship in Endocrinology andmetabolism (Stanford and the University of Colorado)was followed by research at the National Institute ofHealth. He has since been a faculty member of theUniversity of Colorado. He is a principal investigator inthe multi-center NIH funded studies of DiabetesResearch in Children Network (DIRECNET) and theType 1 Diabetes/TrialNet prevention studies.

Dr. Chase has received many honors, including theOutstanding Physician Clinician in Diabetes award fromthe American Diabetes Association, a LifetimeAchievement Award from JDRF and the Ross Award forOutstanding Research in Pediatrics. He has authoredover 200 research papers and 50 textbook chapters. Inaddition to the 11th edition of this education book,Understanding Diabetes, the accompanying synopsisA First-Book for Understanding Diabetes is availablein English and Spanish, Chinese and Japanese.

Faculty Disclosure: Dr. Chase is on the MedtronicMiniMed and the Unomedical medical advisory boards.He has received research funds from Smiths Medical,Medtronic MiniMed, Sanofi-Aventis, Novo Nordisk andTherasense/Abbott. He is on the Sanofi-AventisSpeakers Bureau.

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WEBSITES

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado at Denver

and Health Sciences CenterMail Stop A140P.O. Box 6511

Aurora, CO 80045303-724-2323 Fax 303-724-6779

www.barbaradaviscenter.org

Childrens Diabetes Foundation at Denverwww.childrensdiabetesfdn.org

Children With Diabeteswww.childrenwithdiabetes.com

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundationwww.jdrf.org

American Diabetes Associationwww.diabetes.org

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325

ORDERING MATERIALSAdditional copies of Understanding Diabetes

as well as other diabetes informational material may be ordered by using this form, by calling the Childrens Diabetes Foundation at 303-863-1200 or 800-695-2873,

or by visiting our website at www.childrensdiabetesfdn.org

The Guild of the Childrens Diabetes Foundation777 Grant Street Suite 302 Denver, CO 80203

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VIDEO: Managing Diabetic Hypoglycemia $20.00Offers people with diabetes of all ages and backgrounds practical suggestions for how they can manage and prevent low blood sugar during a busy, productive day.

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