pinpointing habitability in nili patera's hydrothermal field (20 mins)
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera’s Hydrothermal Field
J.R. Skok ([email protected]), Peter Fawdon,
Jack Mustard, Suniti Karunatillake, Caleb Fassett
Mars 2020 Landing Site Meeting
May 15, 2014
NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This content has not been approved or adopted by, NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available for information purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology.
![Page 2: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Christiaan Huygens - 1659First Drawing of Mars
Huygens
When Mars became a place
![Page 3: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Christiaan Huygens - 1659First Drawing of Mars
Huygens
When Mars became a place
![Page 4: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Syrtis Major Context
Syrtis MajorIsidis Basin
Nili Fossae
Nili Patera
USGS Geologic Map
![Page 5: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Science Objectives• Threshold Geological Criteria:
– Presence of hydrothermal sediments – Presence of aqueous phases in outcrop– Noachian/Early Hesperian age– Presence of igneous rocks– Not a Special Region
• Potential Qualifying Geological Criteria:– Standing bodies of water and/or fluvial activity – Assemblages of secondary minerals of any age.– Presence of former water ice, glacial activity or its deposits.– Igneous rocks of Noachian age/megabreccia.– Volcanic unit of Hesperian or Amazonian– Probability of samples of opportunity– Potential for resources for future human mission
![Page 6: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Science Objectives• Threshold Geological Criteria:� Presence of hydrothermal sediments � Presence of aqueous phases in outcrop� Noachian/Early Hesperian age� Presence of igneous rocks � Not a Special Region
• Potential Qualifying Geological Criteria:– Standing bodies of water and/or fluvial activity � Assemblages of secondary minerals of any age.– Presence of former water ice, glacial activity or its deposits.– Igneous rocks of Noachian age/megabreccia.� Volcanic unit of Hesperian or Amazonian � Probability of samples of opportunity � Potential for resources for future human mission
![Page 7: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Testable Hypotheses in Nili Patera • Silica Deposits
– Formation?• Alkaline or Acidic?• Magmatic water or ground water?• Hot springs, Geysers, Fumaroles?• Duration?
– Habitability?• This system? • Habitable conduit to deep subsurface?
– Ever Inhabited?• Volcanics
– What drove the Early Hesperian volcanic pulse?– Calibrate crater counting chronology?– Evolved or Explosive volcanism?– Basalt remote sensing calibration?– Mantle history from potential xenoliths?
![Page 8: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calibrated CRISM Spectra
10 kmFRT000010628
![Page 9: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2.21µm
2.21 µm
FRT000010628
2.21 µm
Silica coated basalt
Si-OH
![Page 10: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
5 km
![Page 12: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Proximal Deposits
5 km
![Page 13: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Proximal Deposits
Distal Deposits
Southwest Deposits
5 km
![Page 14: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Proximal Deposits
Distal Deposits
Southwest Deposits
5 km
![Page 15: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Proximal Deposits
Distal Deposits
Southwest Deposits
5 km
![Page 16: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Proximal Deposits
Distal Deposits
Southwest Deposits
150 m
![Page 17: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
5x vertical exaggeration
![Page 18: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
5x vertical exaggeration
![Page 19: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
5x vertical exaggeration
![Page 20: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
~20m
Guidry, Chafetz 2003
Domal Mounds
N
S
![Page 21: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability
Pirajno and Kranendonk, 2005
Formation environment• Caldera Setting
• Neutral to Alkaline• Hot Springs• Silica sinters• Low-suflidation• Epithermal
In contrast to:• Acid-Sulfate
• High-sulfidation
![Page 22: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability
Pirajno and Kranendonk, 2005
![Page 23: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability
Pirajno and Kranendonk, 2005
![Page 24: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability
Pirajno and Kranendonk, 2005
![Page 25: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability
Pirajno and Kranendonk, 2005Farmer and Des Marais, 1999
![Page 26: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pinpointing Habitability
![Page 27: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Yellowstone Iceland
![Page 28: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hi-Res Landing Site Coverage
HiRiseCoverage
CRISM L-detector HiRISE
![Page 29: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Landing Site Safety• Location:
– 9.07°N, 67.4°E• Elevation
– 475m-99m– Mean: 208m – Std. Dev.: 58m
• Slopes (CTX DEM)– Average: 2.52°– Std. Dev.:2.09°
• Terrain– Lava flows
CTX Slope
JMARS 2020 500m mask
500 m Elevation Mask
![Page 30: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Landing Site Safety• Location:
– 9.07°N, 67.4°E• Elevation
– 475m-99m– Mean: 208m – Std. Dev.: 58m
• Slopes (CTX DEM)– Average: 2.52°– Std. Dev.:2.09°
• Terrain– Lava flows
CTX Slope25-4720-2510-201-100-1
Landing Site CTX Slopes
![Page 31: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
5 km
CTX
![Page 32: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Scale
CTX Slope25-4720-2510-201-100-1
CTX Slopes
5 km
![Page 33: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Landing Site Safety• Location:
– 9.07°N, 67.4°E• Elevation
– 475m-99m– Mean: 208m – Std. Dev.: 58m
• Slopes (CTX DEM)– Average: 2.52°– Std. Dev.:2.09°
• Terrain– Lava flows
Hirise terrain
400 m
ESP_016905_1890
Sample HiRISE Landing Terrain
![Page 34: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mission Traverse
![Page 35: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mission Traverse
![Page 36: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mission Traverse
![Page 37: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mission Traverse
![Page 38: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Mission Traverse
Christensen et al., 2005
![Page 39: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Mission Traverse
![Page 40: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Mission Traverse
Wray et al., 2013
Plag Terrain
![Page 41: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Mission Traverse
![Page 42: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Mission Traverse
Xenolith Potential
Photograph by Paul Wallace
![Page 43: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Calibrating Crater Statistics� Syrtis/Nili Patera (400 km radius around caldera), N=1519 � Good statistics, broad area, but sufficiently large to not capture all
resurfacing (i.e., younger 10-m flows) in some area.
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
1 10 100
Incr
emen
tal F
requ
ency
(n
bin
/ km
2)
Diameter Km
Hartmann (2005) SystemDerived age=3.48 GyrMid-Hesperian
1E-08
0.0000001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
1 10 100
Cum
ulat
ive
Fre
quen
cy N
(>=
D)/
km2
Diameter (km)
Neukum System (Ivanov 2001)Derived age=3.64 GyrMid-Hesperian
Data from Robbins and Hynek Catalog (checked for superposition)
![Page 44: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Calibrating Crater Statistics� At smaller scales: more diversity in age (e.g., individual flows
from Early or Mid Amazonian).
Platz et al., 2014
� Over lifetime of mission, potentially could get multiple well-defined “age-frequency” pairs at different ages.
B05_011459_1891_XI_09N292W
![Page 45: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Spectral Confirmation
Rogers et al. 2007
Clenet et al., 2013
TES
CRISM OMEGA
Skok et al., 2010
Clenet et al., 2013
McSween et al., 2009
![Page 46: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Science Objectives• Threshold Geological Criteria:� Presence of hydrothermal sediments � Presence of aqueous phases in outcrop� Noachian/Early Hesperian age� Presence of igneous rocks � Not a Special Region
• Potential Qualifying Geological Criteria:– Standing bodies of water and/or fluvial activity � Assemblages of secondary minerals of any age.– Presence of former water ice, glacial activity or its deposits.– Igneous rocks of Noachian age/megabreccia.� Volcanic unit of Hesperian or Amazonian � Probability of samples of opportunity � Potential for resources for future human mission
![Page 47: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Reasons to Go Science
• Hydrothermal system forms well-preserved silica mounds.
• Opportunity to sample sub-surface: Hydrothermal geochemistry and volcanic xenoliths.
• Evidence of evolved magmas and lavas.
• Syrtis Major volcanics are a key thermal and VNIR reference unit.
• Syrtis Major offers opportunity to calibrate crater dating.
Mars 2020• Meets all main mission
objectives and many secondary goals.
• Primary sampling target precisely known.
• Clear context supports quick caching.
• Minimal trafficability challenges.
![Page 48: Pinpointing Habitability in Nili Patera's Hydrothermal Field (20 mins)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/5865675a1a28abd75a8b6938/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)