History and Devolepment of EducationEDU 404

(Pioneers of Teaching and Learning)

Presented by :Fatin Nur Amalina Binti Zahari(2013890992)Siti Aishah Binti Zainudin (2013685954)

John Dewey (1859-1952) developed his pioneering in the context of social,political, scientific and technological changes.

Rejected Spencer’s Darwinist emphasis on individual competition.

Believed that cooperative group activity enhanced social intelligence.

Served as director of the University of Chicago Laboratory School (1896-1904).

JOHN DEWEY: Learning Through

Experience

According to Dewey:

1. Children are eager to explore their environment.

2. Learners encounter problems engage with the environment.

3. These problems stimulate children to solve the difficulty and expand their knowledge.

Principles of Teaching and

Learning

Use scientific method to solve the problems.

The learner encounters a problem

They locates and defines the problem

Read,do a research,discussion to get information

Constructs the solutions

Choose a possible solution and test it

Knowledge also reconfigurated or reconstructed.

Knowledge is not inert information that teachers transmit to students,but is an instrument to be used to solve problems.

Considered education a social process which is,the group’s immature members (children) learn to participate in group life.

Children can access their cultural heritage and learn to use it in problem solving through education.

The educational process is:

1. Has no end beyond itself2. It is its own end3. One of continual reorganizing,reconstructing,transforming.

Education and

Schooling

Curriculum consists of three levels of learning activities and processes.

“making and doing”

Students’ concepts of space and time

“science”

Believed that democratic communities encourage people to share their experiences to solve problems.

Saw democratic education and schooling as open-ended processes in which students and teachers could test all ideas,beliefs,and values.

Today,educators who relate schooling to social change and reform often following Dewey’s pioneering educational concepts.

Dewey’s influences can also be seen in “hands-on” or process oriented teaching and learning.

Practising teachers would use group activities,collaborative learning and process-centered strategies in classroom.

Influence on Educational

Practices Today

Maria Montessori (1870-1952) devised an internationally popular method of early childhood education.

Recognized that children’s early experiences have an important formative and continuing influence on their later lives.

She also argued that women should not admitted to higher and professional programs.

Admitted to the University of Rome and became the first woman in Italy to be awarded the degree of doctor of medicine.

As a physician,she worked with children categorized as mentally handicapped and psychologically impaired.

MARIA MONTESSORI:The Prepared Environment

Established a children’s school,the Casa dei Bambini (1908).

Constructed a specially environment that featured methods,materials,and activities based on observations of children.

Believed that children possess an inner need to work at what interests them without the prodding of teachers and without by external rewards and punishments.

Found children capable of sustained concentration and work. They like to repeat actions until they master a given skill.

Children’s capacity for spontaneous learning leads them to begin reading and writing on their own initiative.

Principles of Teaching and Learning