il liquid through a piping system from one location to another. Effi-( ient transference of liquids, from equipment to equipment throughvarious elevations, is essential for a process plant to function.This chapter briefly discusses the types of pumps likely to bet'ncountered in a process plant and highlights the special pipingl:isues to be considered when piping up specific t)?es of equipment.It is suggested that the individual responsible for piping up apump make himself or herself familiar with the inner workings oftltat particular pump, to be aware of the requirements of the pdmaryl)it)ing (transporting the process liquid) and the ancillary piping (usedIor cooling, lubdcation, drains, and vents to support the operation ofll)c pump).2.2 Types of Pumps'llle three basic types of pump are centrifugal, reciprocating, andr otary (see Figure 2-1).2.2.1 Centrifugal( l('r)trifugal pumps are the t)?e most commonly used in an oil andliirs processing facility; and because they have an industrial purpose,llrcy are considered to be hea!ry duty.(lentrifugal pumps generally ale more economic in service andrrrlrrire less maintenance than the other two options. The rotation oftlr(' irlpeller blades produces a reduction in pressure at the center ofllrt, irnpcller.'fhis causes the liquid to flow onto the impeller from the