plagiarism for faculity workshop
TRANSCRIPT
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PLAGIARISMA Workshop for Faculty
Presented by Deanna Lewis
Technical Services Librarian
Cape Fear Community College
In-Service Training
August, 17, 2006
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WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
Plagiarism is the act of presenting someone else’s ideas and/or words as though they were your own
Plagiarism is not the same as copyright violation
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It is possible to violate copyright laws without being guilty of plagiarism.
Likewise it is possible to be guilty of plagiarism without violating any copyright laws
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For Example:
Photocopying a book and giving copies to all your friends is probably a violation of copyright, but it is not plagiarism (unless you’re claiming you wrote it). On the other hand, copying even a small section of a book (even one in the public domain) without crediting your source is plagiarism even though doing so might not violate copyright laws
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WHY DO STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE?
• Unintentional Plagiarism
– Lack of training/information about plagiarism; don’t understand what plagiarism is and/or how to avoid it
– Failure to use quotation marks properly or provide internal documentation
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WHY DO STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE?
• Unintentional Plagiarism– Failure to paraphrase properly
• Student doesn’t understand how to paraphrase or doesn’t sufficiently understand the material
– Poor note taking/record keeping skills
• Failure to accurately record which of their notes are quoted and which are paraphrased
• Failure to record source of the information
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WHY DO STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE?
• Intentional Plagiarism
– Too many commitments, not enough time, too heavy work/class load, outside obligations and/or interests
– Don’t feel capable of doing the assignment; not prepared for college level work
– Found the “perfect” document and “can’t do it better”
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WHY DO STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE?
• Intentional Plagiarism – Laziness
– Not interested in topic and/or course
– Fear of failure and/or pressure to get good grades
– Other students cheat and get away with it. Feel they must cheat to compete
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WHO IS MOST LIKELY TO PLAGIARIZE?
• Students most likely to plagiarize are those who:
– Aren’t adequately prepared for college level work; students struggling with the course
– Are not interested in the topic, the course, or being in school; unmotivated; have other priorities
– Students with too many commitments or poor time management skills; habitual procrastinators
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WHO IS MOST LIKELY TO PLAGIARIZE?
• Students most likely to plagiarize are those who:
– Use class time for “other” activities (reading unrelated materials, sleeping, cell phones, etc.)
– Ask to change their topics at the last minute
– Have low GPAs as compared to students with high GPAs (Pennsylvania State University)
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DETECTING PLAGIARISM
• Clues that a paper may be partially or wholly plagiarized:
– Obvious visual clues:
• Another student’s and/or instructor’s name on the paper
• Internet URL and download dates on the printout
• Statement from the paper mill that it was purchased from
– Paper is more general than the topic assigned or is off-topic
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DETECTING PLAGIARISM
• Clues that a paper may be partially or wholly plagiarized:– Different writing style or level of
sophistication compared to student’s usual writing
– Changes in writing styles within a single paper or strange formatting (varying margins, indentions, fonts, etc.) • This may indicate a chop shop approach; the
student has probably cut and pasted text from several sources.
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DETECTING PLAGIARISM
• Clues that a paper may be partially or wholly plagiarized:– For 100 and 200 level courses, a
reliance on only scholarly resources (unless required) is suspect. Most students at this level don’t gravitate toward these sources.
– NO resources are newer than 1-5 years old. (Time frame varies by topic.)
– Déjà vu. Paper sounds familiar. Is this paper similar to another one in the class or to a paper received in the past?
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DETECTING PLAGIARISM
• Tips for Confirming Plagiarism– Use the Internet; the student who cheated
probably did.
• Use Google and/or other search engines to search the title, a unique phrase, entire sentences or even whole paragraphs.
– But beware of papers that have a few words changed here and there to prevent detection via this method.
• Search paper mills on the Internet
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DETECTING PLAGIARISM
• Tips for Confirming Plagiarism– Compare the paper in question with the
papers you saved from previous semesters
• You are archiving them, aren’t you?
– Search NC-LIVE for magazine, newspaper, and journal articles that have been plagiarized
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DETECTING PLAGIARISM
• Tips for Confirming Plagiarism– Use plagiarism detection software
• Turnitin is the most famous• Major advantage is speed and ease of use• Disadvantages
– No software program has access to all possible sources of plagiarized texts
– Doesn’t distinguish between inadvertent plagiarism and intentional plagiarism
– Doesn’t catch inadequate paraphrasing or text where some words have been changed
– Copyright issues about uploading students’ work to databases.
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TIPS FOR PREVENTING PLAGIARISM
• Let students know you take plagiarism seriously
– Include a statement in your syllabus
– Talk about plagiarism in class
– Ask students to sign a contract
– Provide examples, a tutorial or an assignment to help students understand what constitutes plagiarism
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TIPS FOR PREVENTING PLAGIARISM
• Require students to turn in a bibliography, outline, notes, drafts, and copies of sources with a series of due dates.– An annotated bibliography with a summary and/or
evaluation of each source shows student’s understanding of the source as well as evidence of doing research
– Have students submit multiple drafts electronically and use the compare documents function in MS Word to be sure that the students are making substantive changes
– Requiring submission of copies of sources with the final paper makes it easy to check for proper citation. This is one of the easiest, cheapest and most effective techniques available
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TIPS FOR PREVENTING PLAGIARISM
• Have students write essays in class so you can learn their writing, vocabulary, etc.
• “Remind students that the purpose of the course is to learn and develop skills” and not merely to collect a grade. Harris www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm
• Let students know that you are knowledgeable about sources for papers – Talk about paper mills; show them examples
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TIPS FOR PREVENTING PLAGIARISM
• Require both written and electronic copies be turned in. – Having the electronic version makes it easier
to compare to the Internet, paper mills, and papers turned in for previous classes
• Keep copies of all papers turned in
• Do random checks of citations
• Always follow up on suspected plagiarism
• Change assignments every semester
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TIPS FOR PREVENTING PLAGIARISM
• Have students write an essay about the writing process and what they learned
• Require a Student/Instructor conference or require an oral presentation based on the paper.
• Allow students to select own topics as much as possible
• Assign topics which rely more on analysis and critical thinking with less emphasis on presentation of facts.
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WORKS CONSULTED
Barry, Elaine S. “Can Paraphrasing Practice Help Students Define Plagiarism?” College Student Journal. 20 (2006): 377-384. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. CFCC LRC. 8 Aug. 2006.
Bowman, Vibiana, ed. The plagiarism plague: a resource guide and CD-ROM tutorial for educators and librarians. New York: Neal-Schuman, 2004.
Carey, Suzanne F. and Patricia Arnett Zeck. Combating Plagiarism. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 2003.
Carroll, Jude. A handbook for deterring plagiarism in higher education. Oxford. Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development, 2002.
Harris, Robert A. The plagiarism handbook: strategies for preventing, detecting, and dealing with plagiarism. Los Angeles: Pyrczak, 2001.
Jewell, Thomas. Prentice Hall’s Guide to Understanding Plagiarism. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2004.
Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Guiding Students from Cheating and Plagiarism to Honesty and integrity: Strategies for Change. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2005.
Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Student cheating and plagiarism in the Internet era: a wake-up call. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2000.
Pennsylvania State University. “Academic Integrity” Penn State Pulse University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1999. <http://www.sa.psu.edu/sara/pulse/58-academic.PDF >