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Plagiarism graphic, Sam McNally, Threadless.com

Avoiding

Meghan [email protected]

University of Texas Libraries

http://www.threadless.com/product/2351/Plagiarism_Getting_in_Trouble_for_Something_You_Didn_t_Do

What can I expect if I’m suspected of academic dishonesty?

Check out the online video tutorial,featured under Spotlights:

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs

What is plagiarism?

What do YOU think plagiarism is?

What is plagiarism?

• Representing any material that was obtained from another source as your own work, regardless of how or where you acquired it

• Failing to acknowledge the source of any borrowed material -- whether it’s verbatim text, ideas, or structure -- results in plagiarism

• Can occur intentionally and unintentionally

Office of the Dean of Students. “ Scholastic Dishonesty - Plagiarism.” Student Judicial Services. Web. 15 Feb 2010.

What is plagiarism? UT-Austin’s Official Definition

“the appropriation of, buying, receiving as a gift,or obtaining by any means material that isattributable in whole or in part to another source,including words, ideas, illustrations, structure,computer code, and other expression or media,and presenting that material as one's ownacademic work being offered for credit.”

Section 11-802(d) of the Institutional Rules on Student Services and Activities, http://registrar.utexas.edu/catalogs/gi07-08/app/appc03.html

http://registrar.utexas.edu/catalogs/gi07-08/app/appc03.html

55% of college presidents reported a rise in plagiarism at their institution

“Students Cite YouTube, Google, Wikipedia the Most [INFOGRAPHIC].” Mashable. Web. 15 June 2012.

Cheating = 162 casesPlagiarism = 141 casesCollusion = 125 cases

Student Judicial Services, Office of the Dean of Students. “Annual Report of Disciplinary Cases, 2009--‐2010.”

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/downloads/sjs_annual_report_0910.pdf

Top 3 Violations of the 518 Academic Disciplinary Cases@ UT in 2009/2010:



Self-Plagiarism

• Occurs when authors don’t let the reader know that they are using previously submitted or published work in a new paper (not a revision).

• Avoid multiple submissions of the same paper.• If you cut-and-paste a section of a previous

essay into your new paper, you are committing plagiarism.

• Therefore, clearly note where older information has come from/been published before.

What is the multiple submission policy?

• Reusing your own papers without permission is considered scholastic dishonesty

• “You may not submit a substantially similar paper or project for credit in two (or more) courses unless expressly authorized to do so by your instructor(s).”

Section 11-802(b) of the Institutional Rules on Student Services and Activities, http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/scholdis_multsub.php

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/scholdis_multsub.php

Plagiarism in the NewsIn the summer of 2012, writer Jonah Lehrer was caught plagiarizing … himself? A series of writers and media commentators began noticing that Lehrer was reusing portions of previously published material in new articles that he had written for the New Yorker. Lehrer failed to acknowledge that his “new” material had already been published elsewhere. Lehrer resigned from the New Yorker and lost a book deal. Levin, Josh. “Why Did Jonah Lehrer Plagiarize Himself?” Slate Magazine. 19 July 2012.

Olsher, Dean. “Year in Review: Beyond Plagiarism: Will Lehrer Case Prompt Publishers to Forgo Pop Nonfiction?” Chicago Tribune. 16 December 2012.

Image from slate.com

Plagiarism in the News

UCLA rejected 52 applicants to their business school during the fall 2011 semester. These applicants all plagiarized large portions of their admissions essays from various sources, including, in one case, UCLA’s own website.Byrne, John. A. “UCLA rejects 52 MBA applicants for plagiarism.” CNN Money.

Image from CNN Money.


In 2010, 17 year-old authorHelene Hegemann was accused of lifting an entirepage from a lesser-knownauthor’s work. She claimsit’s “mixing,” not plagiarism.

Kulish, Nicholas. “Author, 17, Says It’s ‘Mixing,’ Not

Plagiarism.” The New York Times 12 Feb 2010.

NYTimes.com. Web. 15 Feb 2010.


In February 2010, Gerald Posnerresigned from his position at TheDaily Beast after Slate identified several instances of plagiarism inhis work. Posner claimed that the“warp speed” of publishing on theweb and mistakes in identifyingthe words of others in hiselectronic notes led to “inadvertent” plagiarism.

Posner, Gerald. “My Resignation from The Daily Beast.” The Posner File 10 Feb 2010. Web. 15 Feb 2010.

Shafer, Jack. “Plagiarism at the Daily Beast: Gerald Posner concedes lifting from the Miami Herald.” Slate Magazine 5 Feb 2010. Web. 15

Feb 2010. Image from Posner.com


Indie musician Jonathan Coulton took to Twitter after Glee used his arrangement of “Baby Got Back” without permission or acknowledgement. Coulton’s version of the song is doing amazingly well on iTunes, while Glee’s version has been harshly criticized by upset Coulton fans.Hudson, Laura. “Jonathan Coulton Explains How Glee Ripped Off His Cover Song – And Why He’s Not Alone.” Wired. 25 Jan 2013.Hernandez, Patricia. “Pissed-Off Jonathan Coulton Fans Review-Bomb Glee’s ‘Baby Got Back.’” Kotadu. 31 Jan 2013. Image from Kotaku. Video: http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/01/jonathan-coulton-glee-song/

http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/01/jonathan-coulton-glee-song/

Why should I care?

• Individual academic integrity and academic progress

• Institutional academic integrity and the value of your degree

• Future professional and personal integrity

Student Judicial Services. "Consequences of Scholastic Dishonesty Can Be Severe!.” Scholastic Dishonesty. University of Texas, Austin. 22 Aug. 2007 <

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/scholdis_conseq.php>.

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/scholdis_conseq.php

When do I have to cite?

Consider the following scenarios and decide

whether or not you have to provide a citation

for the information described.

Cite it?

You read the phrase “cultural tapeworm” inan article. You decide to use it in yourpaper.

Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles: Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.

Cite it?

You read the phrase “cultural tapeworm” inan article. You decide to use it in yourpaper.

Cite it! Any unusual phrase borrowed fromanother writer or speaker must be cited, nomatter the length.


Cite it?

You quote from an interview you conductedwith your grandmother.


Cite it?

You quote from an interview you conductedwith your grandmother.

Cite it! Whenever you quote someone else’s words, you must cite them, regardless of your relationship to that person.


Cite it?

You do a survey of students on campus, asking

about their favorite Austin restaurants. You report

on your findings in your paper.


Cite it?

You do a survey of students on campus, askingabout their favorite Austin restaurants. You reporton your findings in your paper.

Do not have to cite it. When you do original research, youdo not cite yourself if the research is conducted for thepaper. (If you already published the research elsewhere,you would need to provide a citation to that publication.)


Cite it?

In your paper, you summarize but do not quote a

state court opinion, which is in the public domain.


Cite it?

In your paper, you summarize but do not quote a

state court opinion, which is in the public domain.

Cite it! When you refer to a source, you must cite

it, regardless of whether or not it is copyrighted.


Cite it?

You are writing a paper for a psychology class about what influences eating disorders in the United States. As a nursing student, you know off the top of your head that those suffering from bulimia often stay at a normal weight. But you’re not sure if this is well known in psychology. Cite it?

Cite it?

You are writing a paper for a psychology class about what influences eating disorders in the United States. As a nursing student, you know off the top of your head that those suffering from bulimia often stay at a normal weight. But you’re not sure if this is well known in psychology. Cite it?

Depends. This is an example of when “common knowledge” in one field may not be widely known in another. If you’re unsure if something needs citing, you can always ask your professor or TA if a fact is common knowledge. Common knowledge can be tricky, so use your best judgment to decide if something needs a citation or not. When in doubt, cite it.

Cite it?

You’re writing about global warming. On a

website, you locate a graph illustrating the

effects of climate change and paste it into

your paper.


Cite it?

You’re writing about global warming. On awebsite, you locate a graph illustrating the effectsof climate change and paste it into your paper.

Cite it! Photographs, drawings, graphs, and othervisual materials are forms of ideas and theircreators should be credited, whether the item is in

a book or found online.


What sources do need to be cited?

• Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium

• Information you gain through interviewing or conversing with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in writing

• When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase • When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts,

pictures, or other visual materials • When you reuse or repost any electronically-available

media, including images, audio, video, or other media• Bottom line: document any words, ideas, or other

productions that originate somewhere outside of you.

Stolley, Karl. "Avoiding Plagiarism." The OWL at Purdue. 18 Sept. 2007. Purdue University. 11 Oct. 2007 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02>.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02

What sources do not need to be cited?

• Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a subject

• When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or field experiments

• When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio, etc.

• When you are using "common knowledge," things like folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and historical events (but not historical documents)

• When you are using generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted within particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of composition studies, "writing is a process" is a generally-accepted fact.

Stolley, Karl. "Avoiding Plagiarism." The OWL at Purdue. 18 Sept. 2007. Purdue University. 11 Oct. 2007 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02>.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02

Why should I use sources?

• Sources show an appreciation of the work of others in the field.

• Using sources demonstrates your ability to use statistics/theories/models, etc. to build on your own arguments.

• Sources verify your claims. Readers want to know how you have come to make this assumption.

Remember: Sources support what you say;

they don’t say it for you.

When should I use a quotation?

• When the person you quote is an authority in the field

Sigmund Freud argues that dreams are the “royal road to the unconscious” (65).

• When the quotation contains vivid, memorable language that gives the character of the source:

Garner once told Lyndon Johnson that the vice-presidency "wasn't worth a bucket of warm spit” (45).

• When the quotation offers a unique point of view:

Evans, a survivor of the wreck, called the scene on the ground “chaotic and disorganized” (1).

How to set up/frame quotations

• Use signal phrases and attributive tags:– As Smith mentions, “…”– Rodriquez noted this also, “…”

• Embed quotations:– Chung calls the proceedings “preposterous”

(Mellon 223).

Remember: don’t string long chains of quotations together without analyzing them. This leaves your reader wondering if you have anything to say yourself.

What is a paraphrase?

• Very similar to a summary, but uses roughly the same number of words.

• Reflects the ideas of the original author and not your reflections on them.

• “You are guilty of plagiarism if you half-copy the author’s sentences – either by mixing the author’s phrases with your own without using quotation marks or by plugging your synonyms into the author’s sentence structure.”

Hacker, Diana. The Bedford Handbook. 6th ed. New York: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2002.

Why paraphrase?

• It can help you better understand and process the material

• Can prevent unintentional plagiarism

• Reduces overuse of quotations

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/1/

How would you paraphrase this?

“However, while many of its traditional American family sitcom predecessors situated themselves in the suburbs so as to sing a love song to small town America, The Simpsons is deeply parodic of the sitcom lifestyle and regularly satirizes all manner of American institutions and ideals. A great deal of its satiric-parodic powers derive from its characters so clearly inverting family sitcom norms” (Gray 135).

Gray, Jonathan. “Imagining America: The Simpsons Go Global..” Popular Communication 5.2 (2007): 129-148. Communication and Mass Media Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2010.

BGray claims that while many family sitcoms in the past werelocated in the suburbs so they could sing a love song tosmall town America, The Simpsons is a parody of sitcomlifestyles and satirizes many other American institutions andideals. Much of the show’s satiric-parodic powers comefrom its characters’ clear inversion of family sitcom norms(135).

AGray claims that The Simpsons uses its familiar suburban setting not to celebrate small town America, as sitcoms in the past have done, but to provide a backdrop for satirizing the ideals portrayed in those sitcoms, as well as other traditional American values and institutions. The Simpsons works so well as a parody in part because the characters act in opposite ways from those in traditional sitcom families (135).

Online paraphrase self-testYou can use this test to see if you used any overlapping language in your paraphrase: http://tinyurl.com/paraphrasetest

Plagiarized Paraphrase:

Acceptable Paraphrase:

http://www.coedu.usf.edu/~dorn/testdiff.html

http://tinyurl.com/paraphrasetest

6 steps to effective paraphrasing

1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.

2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.

3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.

Purdue OWL. “6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing.” Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words. Web. 15 Feb 2010.

6 steps to effective paraphrasing

4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.

5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.

6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

Purdue OWL. “6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing.” Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words. Web. 15 Feb 2010.

“How to Tell if You’re Plagiarizing.” EasyBib. Web. 15 June 2012.

6 note-taking tips to avoid unintended plagiarism

Survey Says….

Use quotation marks to demarcate the original text

Avoid too much cutting and pasting in electronic documents

Include citation when copying text verbatim

Draw lines in between notes pertaining to different authors

Summarize the argument of each source as succinctly as possible

Use different colored pens to highlight your words and the author’s separately

1 4

2

3

5

6

6 note-taking tips to avoid unintended plagiarism

Survey Says….

Use quotation marks to demarcate the original text

Avoid too much cutting and pasting in electronic documents

Include citation when copying text verbatim

Draw lines in between notes pertaining to different authors

Summarize the argument of each source as succinctly as possible

Use different colored pens to highlight your words and the author’s separately

Further resources

• Undergraduate Writing Center – uwc.utexas.edu

• University of Texas Libraries –www.lib.utexas.edu– Ask a Librarian – www.lib.utexas.edu/ask

• NoodleBib – www.lib.utexas.edu/noodlebib• Student Judicial Services –

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/index.php– Discipline Process -

http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/discprocess.php

Further resources

Plagiarism tutorial available at:

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/plagiarism

Questions?

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