Silvio MarchiniWildCRU-Oxford University

LEMaC-ESALQ-USPChester Zoo

IUCN

Conceitos daCoexistência Humano-Fauna

http://costaricawildlife.org/portfolio-items/kabek-conservation/

HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

Nu

mb

ero

fR

esu

lts

Google Scholar

"Human-Wildlife Conflict" "Human-Wildlife Coexistence"

Human-Wildlife Conflicta complex phenomenon

I. DAMAGE

II. KILLING

III. CLASH OF OPINIONS

I. PREDATION/COMPETITION/HERBIVORYEcology and economics > Technical solutions

II. KILLING

III. CLASH OF OPINIONS

Human-Wildlife Conflicta complex phenomenon

I. PREDATION/COMPETITION/HERBIVORYEcology and economics > Technical solutions

II. HUMAN BEHAVIOURBehavioural sciences > Behaviour change

III. CLASH OF OPINIONS

Human-Wildlife Conflicta complex phenomenon

I. PREDATION/COMPETITION/HERBIVORYEcology and economics > Techical solutions

II. HUMAN BEHAVIOURBehavioural sciences > Behaviour change

III. SOCIAL CONFLICTSocial/political sciences> Negotiation

Human-Wildlife Conflicta complex phenomenon

Definition of HWC

“Struggles involving conservation and other human interests that emerge when the behaviour and needs of wildlife are at odds with human goals or ideals, leading to negative impacts on people and/or wildlife”.

IUCN Task Force on HWC, 2019

Conflict-to-coexistence continuum

Wildlife

Sta

keh

old

ers (+)

(+)

(-)

(-)

Convivência

ex. Praga, animal-problema

ex. Caça,comércio ilegal,sobreexploração

‘ConflitoHumano-

Fauna’

Human-Wildlife Relationships

Co-ocorrência

COEXISTÊNCIA

Nuisance

Human-wildlife relationship

Wildlife

Hu

ma

ns

(+)

(+)

(-)

(-)

ConvivênciaPoaching

Illegal tradeOverharvest

Human-wildlife conflict

The proper goal

Human Wildlife

CONSERVATION

The proper goal

Human WildlifeHuman Wildlife

CONSERVATION CO-EXISTENCE

The proper goal

Human Wildlife Human Wildlife

CONSERVATION CO-EXISTENCE

Human Wildlife Human Wildlife

CONSERVATION CO-EXISTENCE

The proper goal

Human Wildlife Human Wildlife

CONSERVATION CO-EXISTENCE

The proper goal

PEOPLEWildlife

Situation Assessment:Human Dimension

Interpersonal/intergroup factorsSocial normsTrustEngagementCommunication

Intrapersonal factorsKnowledgeAttitudeFeelingToleranceValues

Wildlife

Individual Group/community

Levels of assessment

Interpersonal/intergroup factorsSocial normsTrustEngagementCommunication

Intrapersonal factorsKnowledgeAttitudeFeelingToleranceValues

Wildlife

Individual

Societal factorsGovernance PoliciesMarketCulture

Systemic/macro

Group/community

Levels of assessment

Conservation Letters, 2013

Monica T. Engel, Jerry J. Vaske, Alistair J. Bath & Silvio Marchini (2016): Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, Human Dimensions of Wildlife, DOI:

10.1080/10871209.2016.1183731

Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the

Atlantic Forest, Brazil

HOW TO CHANGE BEHAVIOUR

IF PEOPLE… THEN

Do not know enough to understand the

problem

Provide information

HOW TO CHANGE BEHAVIOUR

IF PEOPLE… THEN

Do not know enough to understand the

problem

Provide information

Know about the problem, BUT

do not care about it

Change incentive,

feelings, social norms

(eg persuasive

communication, social

marketing)

http://connect.xcelenergy.com/minnesota/conservation-by-peer-pressure/

Social norms approachto behaviour change

• the pleasure we take in doing the right thing (or avoiding the shame of doing the wrong thing) is often a more effective incentive than money.

• “to encourage civic action by appealing to both material interests and moral sentiments, framed so that the two work synergistically rather than at cross-purposes.”

2016

Theory of Change

Theory of Change (ToC) x Logical Framework

http://www.tools4dev.org/resources/theory-of-change-vs-logical-framework-whats-the-difference-in-practice/

Results chain

Reduce damageSave the species

EffectivenessEfficacyEfficiency

Monitoring & Evaluation

www.evalcommunity.com

Cu

sco

San

Die

go

Kual

a Lu

mp

ur

Co

qu

imb

o

Padrões de diversidade biológica e coexistência humano-fauna: componentes que sustentam os serviços

ecossistêmicos

1. Caracterizar as assembléias de mamíferos

2. Analisar padrões de diversidade das assembléias

de mamíferos

3. Verificar a ocorrência de estruturação populacional e fluxo gênico e inferir sobre a

conectividade funcional

4. Descrever a dieta de mamíferos carnívoros, o uso

dos recursos e habitat

5. Desenvolver e implementar um modelo para avaliação da percepção social dos serviços ecossistêmicos;

6. Desenvolver e implementar modelos para minimizar o conflito entre produtores rurais e mamíferos predadores

7. Fazer recomendações para políticas públicas que minizemos conflitos e ameaças e maximizem a conservação da biodiversidade e a coexistência humano-fauna

Armadilhamento fotográfico

Protocolo TEAM

Estações amostrais

Grid de 60 km2

1 Km de espaçamento

Estações de seca e chuvaPNG

PETAR

PECB

LA

PESM-NITA

PESM-NSV

Corredor sudeste MA

Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraíba do Sul

PESM – Núcleo Itariru

PESM – Núcleo Santa Virgínia

Estação Ecológica de Bananal

APA São Francisco Xavier

Mb Rio das Flores (Valença e Barra do Piraí)

Mb Coléginho; Olho d´água e Valão Grande

(Cambuci e Italva)

Sub-baciaRios

Pomba e

Muriaé

Mb Ouro e Varre-Sai (Porciúncula e

Varre-Sai)

Desenho de estudo

DIMENSÕES HUMANAS

PESM-NITA (23)

PETAR (40)

PESM-NSV-VG (24)

PECB (60)

Modelo Conceitual

InteraçõesHumano-

Fauna

Coexistência Human-Fauna

Fatoresbiofísicos

SERVIÇOS ECOSS.

Fatoresbiofísicos

DESSERVIÇOS ECOSS.

Com PSA x Sem PSA

Fatoresbiofísicos

Fatores biofísicos

Ecosystem Disservices

Participatory design

of “good practices”

protocol.

Envolvendo stakeholders na escolha das soluções

Envolvendo stakeholders na escolha das soluções

Envolvendo stakeholders na escolha das soluções

adaptações

RESILIÊNCIA

Alexandra ZimmermannCarolina BolañosClaudia Martins

Daniel RochaDavid MacdonaldEmiliano Ramalho

Esteban Brenes-MoraIara Ramos

Jenny A. GlikmanKatia Ferraz

Leticia PradoMariana Catapani

Mariana Landis

Nuno NegrõesPedro Correia

Ricardo BoulhosaRoberta PaolinoRogerio de PaulaRonaldo MoratoSantiago ZuluagaSolange Vargas

Thais GuimaraesThiago ReginatoWezddy del Toro

Yara BarrosYuri Ribeiro

Saiba mais