plannng techniques

8/3/2019 Plannng Techniques

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REGIONAL SURVEY

A PRESENTATION ON.


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TECHNIQUES FOR CONDUCTINGA REGIONAL SURVEY:

INTRODUCTION:

Town planners use a variety of techniques at various stages of

the planning process.

These techniques may relate to

surveys for collection of data,

assessment of existing conditions in a region,

as well as projections and analysis of future requirements in

respect of various activities within a region.


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A substantial proportion of these techniques are highly

elaborate and demand intensive data inputs.

Today, the pace of development of regions has speeded up so

much that town planners have begun to feel the necessity of simplified

and quick techniques for analysis and plan preparation.

The following sections present various simplified techniques

needed for a survey of a region.

INTRODUCTION (CONTD)


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IDENTIFYING DATA NEEDS & SURVEYS:

The basic presumption of simplified information gathering

methodologies is that there is always certain amount of uncertainty

attached to any set of data, and that the available data are invariably

incomplete as compared to what is required for ensuring perfectness in

decision making..


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This presumption implies that decision making most often

involves an element of guess work, and a good decision maker is the

one who makes intelligent use of imaginative guesses with the help of

the data collected in good time with the application of simplified and

sustainable survey techniques


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Methods of rapid information collection institutionalize

existing good practices and even common sense. They rely mostly on

direct observation, seek several views of any one fact and make use

of checklists and semi structured dialogues instead of lengthy and

often costly questionnaire based methods.


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CHECKLIST:

The checklist is a precise and exhaustive listing of

topics/issues and sub-topics/issues related to information need. It

is not a list of questions. The checklist approach is flexible and

allows the surveyor to adapt and improvise in the field.


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CHECKLIST:

The process begins with the preparation of an initial

checklist. The next stage is to define the method of acquiring

information about each sub topic in the list. The methods used are :

documentation , observation, proxy observation and dialogue.


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CHECKLIST:

Precisely the steps involved in the preparation of the checklist

are as follows:

List major information needs and indicate how each will be

used for the analysis.

List topics and agree about their priority.

Break down each topic into sub topics


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CHECKLIST:

Indicate the likely sources such as:

Documentation,

Observation,

Proxy observation &

Dialogue.


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DATA REQUIREMENTS:

LOCATION:

Nodal significance

Presence of high productive economic activities

Presence of large scale market

SITE:

In alluvial plains

In hilly and mountainous regions

In arid regions


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DATA REQUIREMENTS:

Around large metropolises

In areas of territorial rulership

Historical towns etc.

SITUATION:

Physical configuration

Route patterns

The extent of the territory to which the urban functions are

related.


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METROPOLITAN PLANNING COMMITTEE:

The metropolitan regional plans are sorted out by the metropolitan

regional committee as appointed by the government.

The committee meets at least thrice a year to sort out plans for the

area.


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FUNCTIONS:

The functions of metropolitan planning committee shall be to

formulate development goals, objectives, policies and priorities in

matters relating to planning development and land use of urban and

rural land in metropolitan area having due regard to the overall

objectives and priorities set by the Government of India and

Government of State.


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METROPOLITAN REGION PLANS:

The perspective regional plans of a metropolitan area are:

Physical and natural resource potentials and their utilization

Natural hazard prone areas

Poverty alleviation and employment in both formal and informal

sectors

Development of trade, commerce and industry


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Rural development

Metropolitan area level transportation system including mass

transport

Integrated infrastructure development covering water, energy,

sanitation, education, health recreation, communication and other

utilities, facilities and services

Housing and shelter development


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Population assignment and settlement pattern of rural service

centers as small, medium, large urban centers and their specialization

Generalized land use

Protection of environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas and

conservation of heritage

Development of special areas if any, such as new towns, industrial

townships, coastal areas, etc.


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DISTRICT PLANNING COMMITTEE:

The government shall, for each district planning area, constitute for

the purposes of performances of the functions assigned to it a

committee called the District Planning Committee

Every district planning committee shall be a body corporate and shall

have perpetual succession and common seal


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The main function of the committee is to prepare a perspective plan

within two years from the date of constitution of this district

planning committee for the district taking into account the state

perspective plan and the perspective plans of various panchayats and

municipalities in that district

FUNCTIONS:


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DISTRICT LEVEL PLANS:

The perspective regional plans of a metropolitan area are:

Rural development including physical and natural resource utilization,

poverty alleviation, employment generation in both the formal and

informal sectors, and integrated economic and social infrastructure

development.

District level transportation system


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Conservation of environment, forests, ecologically sensitive areas and

heritage zones

Development of trade, commerce, and industries

Housing and shelter development

Generalized land use pattern

Mobilization of fiscal resources for plan implementation


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Integrated infrastructure development covering

water,

health,

recreation,

energy,

sanitation,

education,

communication, and other utilities and facilities.


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BACKWARD REGIONS PLANNING:

Planning for the backward regions is carefully done by the Planning

Commission of India.

It has sought to tackle the problem of economic backwardness

and backwardness in three ways:

The recognition of backwardness as a factor to be taken into account

in the transfer of financial resources from the centre to the state


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Special area development programmes directed at development of

backward areas; and

Measures to promote private investment in backward areas.

The share of backward regions or states in plan outlay and in

central assistance steadily rose from 48% in the first plan to 57% in

the third plan.


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Since then, the share of backward states in central plan

assistance has been gradually declining to 50% in the 5thplan, 36% in

the 6thplan and 37% in the 8thplan. The 10thplan has projected a

further decline to 36%.


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