plant classification group 1: seedless, nonvascular plants live in moist environments liverworts...
TRANSCRIPT
Plant Classification
Group 1: Seedless, Nonvascular Plants
• Live in moist environments
• Liverworts
• Hornworts
• Mosses
Mosses• Nonvascular,
seedless• Grow low to ground
to retain moisture• Lack true leaves
– Leaf-like structures only 1 cell thick
• Rhizoids anchor into soil
• Early inhabitant of new ecosystems (succession)
Group 2: Seedless, Vascular Plants
• Vascular system allows nutrient transport to greater heights
• Club mosses
• Horsetails
• Ferns
Ferns
• Seedless, vascular plants– Vascular: allows taller growth
• Rhizoids: underground stems draw nutrients• Fronds: leaves uncurl
– sporangia on underside• Sori: clusters of sporangia
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants
• Gymnosperms– Cycads– Ginko– Conifers
• Angiosperms
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants• 1) Seed plants don’t depend
on water to reproduce– Pollen (contains sperm)
combines with egg– Egg hardens into a seed
• 2) Nourishment and protection– Nourish: Nutrients inside
seed for the embryo– Protection: Hard shell
• 3) Allow dispersal– Carried by wind, water,
animals
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants
• Type 1: Gymnosperms• Seeds not enclosed in a
fruit– produced inside cones
• Cone = reproductive structure
• Male cones: produce pollen
• Female cones: produce eggs and seeds
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants
• Gymosperm example: Conifers– Cone plants– Needle-like leaves– Common to lumber
industry– Evergreen, Pine,
Redwood, Cedar
Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants
• Type 2: Angiosperms (flowering plants)
• Flower = reproductive structure– Protects gamete
and fertilized eggs• Seeds enclosed in a
fruit– Fruit: Plant ovary– Often attract
animals to disperse the seeds inside
Fruit Production
• In the seed– Embryo– Food supply
• Surrounding ovary grows into a fruit
• Fruit attracts animals to eat and spread the seeds Fruit seeds in fox droppings
Angiosperm types(flowering plants)
• 2 groups: Monocots and Dicots (based on seed type)
• Cotyledon: embryonic leaf
• Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf
• Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves
Monocots vs. Dicots
Angiosperm Life Spans• Three Life Span Types:
• Annuals– 1 year: Mature…produce
seeds…die
• Biennials– 1st year: produces short
stem, low growth leaves, food reserves
– 2nd year: taller stem, leaves, flowers, seeds
• Perennials– Live for more than 2 years
Flowers• Reproductive
structure of flowering plants
• Sepals– outer ring of leaves– protection
• Petals– Inner ring of leaves – Brightly colored to
attract pollinators• Open petals & sepals
reveal male and female structures
Flowers • Female Carpel– Inner most part– Ovary: within the
base (female gametophyte)
– Style: long stalk– Stigma: sticky
tip, collects pollen
• Male Stamen– Surrounds carpel– Filaments: long
stalks– Anther: produces
pollen (male gametophyte)