Plant DivisionPlant Division

M6 Plant BiologyM6 Plant Biology

Satit PatumwanSatit Patumwan

Plant KingdomPlant Kingdom

• You will remember from M4 Genetics that the plant kingdom is not divided into phylum but into DIVISIONS.

• Botanists (plant biologists) have classified 12 divisions of plants.

The 12 divisions are separated into 2 groups:

1. Non-seed plants

2. Seed plants

Seedless plantsSeedless plants(Non-seed plants)(Non-seed plants)

Non-seed plantsNon-seed plants

• There are 7 divisions of non-seed plants:1. Hepatophyta

2. Anthocerophyta

3. Bryophyta

4. Psilophyta

5. Lycophyta

6. Sphenophyta

7. Pterophyta

HepatophytaHepatophyta

• Small plants• Liverwort plants- Hepta means liver- these

plants sometimes have leaves that looks like a liver. Wort- mean herb

• Often confused with mosses. • Simple unicellular roots. • Nonvascular plants- grow in moist areas• Pioneer plants- first to go in new areas

such as lava fields etc

LiverwortsLiverworts

BryophytaBryophyta

• Like Hepatophytes they are seedless non-vascular small pioneer plants that usually grow in moist areas

• The most common plant in this division is the MOSS

• They have a simple filament as a root called a rhizoids which are a few cells in length and hold the plant in place

MossMoss

Anthocerophyta Anthocerophyta

• Small plants

• Like Hepatophytes and bryophyta they are non vascular seedless plants.

• The sporophytes of these plants look like horns or antlers of an animal and therefore are commonly called Hornworts

HornwortHornwort

Young Hornwort Old Hornwort

PsilophytaPsilophyta

• Seedless Vascular plant

• They have leafless stems

• They do not have any roots either

• Most live in tropical areas

• They are commonly called Whisk Ferns

Whisk fernWhisk fern

LycophytaLycophyta

• Club Mosses

• Vascular plants that have very small vascular leaves.

• These plants are very ancient

• The ancient plants which grew much taller have been transformed into coal which we use today.

Club mossClub moss

SphenophytaSphenophyta

• Horsetails

• Vascular, seedless plants

• They have hollow stems surrounded by needlelike leaves.

• They are found near wet swamps

HorsetailHorsetail

Horsetails look almost like small trees

PterophytaPterophyta

• Non seed, vascular plants

• Grow in damp, shady places

• Commonly known as the ferns

• Usually have long leaves which can grow 5m in length, which are called fronds

Fern- sporophyte generationFern- sporophyte generation

Fern- Alternation of GenerationsFern- Alternation of Generations

Gametophyte stage of a fern

HomeworkHomeworkPlease make a PowerPoint presentation on one of

the divisions of the seed plants:

1. Cycadophyta

2. Gnetophyta

3. Ginkgophyta

4. Coniferophyte

5. Anthophyte (Please find the information on page 587-589 of your Biology

textbook or in the library)