plant evolution. what are plants? multicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic autotrophs cell walls made...
DESCRIPTION
Plant Ancestors Plants are the descendants of protists Plants are most closely related to charophycean algae, a type of green algaeTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Evolution
![Page 2: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are plants?
MulticellularEukaryoticPhotosynthetic autotrophsCell Walls made of cellulose
![Page 3: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plant Ancestors
Plants are the descendants of protistsPlants are most closely related to charophycean algae, a type of green algae
![Page 4: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Unique Plant Characteristics (not shared with Carophyceans)
Apical Meristems—localized regions of cell division at the tips of shoots (stems) & rootsMuticellular plant embryosAlternation of GenerationsWalled spores produced in sporangiaMulticellular Gametangia (archegonia & antheridia)
![Page 5: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alternation of Generations—The Plant Life cycle
![Page 6: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Life on Land and Conserving Water
Leaves and other plant parts are covered with water repellant cuticle (made of lipids!)Stomata support photosynthesis and regulate transpirationXylem tissue for transporting water from roots to leavesPhloem tissue for transporting sugars from leaves to stems and roots
![Page 7: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plant Groups
Bryophytes (mosses)—first descendants of Charophyceans & first land plantsPteridophytes (ferns)—descendants of bryophytes; first plants with vascular tissueGymnosperms (“naked seed”)—descendant of pteridophytes; first plants with seedAngiosperms (enclosed seed)—descendants of gymnosperms; first plants with flowers
![Page 8: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bryophytes
![Page 10: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bryophytes
Do not have vascular tissue Tend to be short and must live close to waterSperm have to swim to the egg; requires a water medium
![Page 11: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Origin of Vascular Plants
Contain Xylem and PhloemHave a dominant sporophyte generationPteridophytes (seedless vascular plants) are oldest vascular plants
![Page 13: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Origin of Seed Plants
Reproductive Adaptations:Continued reduction of the gametophyte The advent of the seedThe evolution of pollen
![Page 16: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Spores Vs. Seeds
Single Celled
Haploid
Multicellular & More ComplexDiploidSporophyte EmbryoFood SupplyProtective Coat
![Page 17: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Formation of Seed
Seed develops from the megasporangiumThe megasporangium is encased with layers of integuments for protectionThe megaspore becomes one or more eggsThe integument, megasporangium, and megaspore are the ovule
![Page 18: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pollen
Microspores develop into pollen grainsPollen grains mature into the male gametophyteIn mosses & ferns the sperm is flagellated and must swim to the eggIn gymnosperms & angiosperms, the sperm travels via the wind and then through a pollen tube to the egg
![Page 20: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Gymnosperm & Angiosperm differences
Gymnosperms (naked seed) lack the enclosed chambers (ovaries) in which angiosperm ovules & seeds developGymnosperm ovules & seed develop on surfaces of specialized leaves called sporophyllsGymnosperms are much older than angiosperms
![Page 22: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Angiosperms
Produce flowers & fruitSeed is encased in the fruitAll belong to phylum AnthophytaAngiosperm xylem has fiber cells which specialize for supportVessel elements in xylem are more efficient in transporting water
![Page 24: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Flower—The Angiosperm Invention
![Page 25: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Fruit—To Aid Seed Dispersal
Fruit = Mature ovaryFruits protect seed & aid in dispersalCan act as kites or propellers; can have burrs that cling; or can be delicious to eat
![Page 26: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Plant Evolution. What are plants? Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic autotrophs Cell Walls made of cellulose](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adc7f8b9ab059975377/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)