plant parts and functions. parts of the plant roots 2 types of root systems taproot system primary...
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Plant Parts and Functions
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Parts of The Plant
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Roots2 Types of Root Systems
Taproot System
Primary root grows down from the stem with some small secondary roots forming
Examples: Carrots & Turnips
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RootsFibrous System
Small lateral roots that spread out just below the soil’s surface
Examples: Corn & Beans
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Parts of the Root
Epidermis
Cortex
Outermost layer of cells
Tissue inside epidermis that stores starch and other substances necessary for the growth of the root
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Parts of the RootRoot Cap
Root Hairs
Vascular Tissue
Provides protection for the root tip
Site of absorption
Within cortex, contains cells that transport water, nutrients, and minerals to all parts of the plant
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Root Functions
1. Absorption of water and nutrients
(performed by root hairs)
3. Anchor plant to maintain stability
Roots have 4 primary functions
2. Transportation of water and nutrients to stem
4. Store food and water
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Leaves
Blade
Main body of leaf
Petiole
Attaches blade to stem
Midrib
Large central vein
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LeavesApex
Tip of leaf
Base
Attaches to petiole, if petiole is absent attaches directly to stem
Margin
Edge of leaf
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LeavesEpidermis
Responsible for gas and water exchange
Stomata
Opening in epidermis where gas and water exchange
Mesophyll
Middle layer of leaf where photosynthesis occurs
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Important Functions of Leaves
Photosynthesis
Process that plants use to produce their food
6CO2 + 6H2OC6H1206 + 6 O2
Transpiration
Loss of water and exchange of carbon dioxide
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Parts of the Stem
NodeAreas where side branches and leaves develop from
Internode
Area between nodes
LenticlesSmall holes located in the stem (breathing pores)
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Functions of the Stem
1. Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves
2. Supports leaves, fruits and flowers
3. Food Storage
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Fruit Classification
Aggregate
Develop from a single flower with many ovaries
Examples: Strawberries & Tulips
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Fruit Classification
Multiple
Fruit develops from a group of tightly clustered flowers
Examples: Pineapples & Figs
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Fruit Classification
Simple
Develop from a single ovary
Examples: Cherries & Tomatoes
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Fruit’s FunctionSite of seed production
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Flower Parts
Pistil
Female part of plant
Consists of:
•Stigma
•Style
•Ovary
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Flower Parts
Stamen
Male reproductive organ
Consists of:
•Anther
•Stamen
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Flower PartsPetals
Highly colored part of the flower, may contain perfume and/or nectar glands
Sepals
Small green structures on the base of a flower that protect the flower bud
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Flower Classification
Complete flower Has all four male and female parts
Incomplete flower Missing one of the four male or female parts
Perfect flower Has stamens and pistils
Imperfect flower Lacking either stamens or pistils
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Flower FunctionSexual Reproduction is the flowers sole function
Pollination by:
Wind
Insects and Birds
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Parts of the Seed
Endosperm
Tissue that provides nutrition for the developing seed
Cotyledon
Food storage tissue
Embryo
Growing part of seed
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Parts of the Seed
Seedcoat
Protective outer covering of the seed
Scutellum
Absorbs the endosperm