plantplant reproduction second edition t. pullaiah department of botany sri krishnadevaraya...
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PLANT
REPRODUCTION
SECOND EDITION
T. PULLAIAH
Department of Botany
Sri Krishnadevaraya University
Anantapur 515 003, AP, India
K. LAKSHMINARAYANA
&
B. HANUMANTHA RAO
Department of Botany
Andhra University
Visakhapatnam 530 003, AP, India
Published by
SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS (INDIA)
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© Pullaiah et al., 2019
1st Print : 2008
2nd Print : 2019
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ISBN : 978-93-89061-83-3 [PB]
: 978-93-89061-85-7 [EB]
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PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
We wish to express our grateful thanks to the
Teachers of various colleges and universities within
and outside the State of Andhra Pradesh for their
overwhelming support given to our text book which is
evident by complete sale out of the first edition. In this
connection, we would like to thank all our Teacher
colleagues who gave their valuable suggestions for the
improvement of the text. In this edition, which is
retitled as Plant Reproduction basing on the UGC
Model Syllabus, most of the chapters have been
thoroughly revised. The revised edition includes
Practical methods. Some molecular aspects have also
been included.
We again request all our Teacher, colleagues and
student friends to extend their whole hearted support
as was done earlier and make this book also a grand
and useful edition.
T. Pullaiah
K. Lakshminarayana
B. Hanumantha Rao
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Prof. T. Pullaiah obtained his M. Sc. (1973) and
Ph.D. (1976) degrees in Botany from Andhra
University. He was a Post-doctoral Fellow at Moscow
State University, Russia, during 1976-1978. He
travelled widely in Europe and visited Universities
and Botanic Gardens in about 17 countries. He joined
Sri Krishnadevaraya University as Lecturer in 1979
and became Professor in 1993. He held several
positions in the University as Dean, Faculty of Life
Sciences; Head, Department of Botany; Chairman,
Board of Studies in Botany; Head, Department of
Sericulture; Co-ordinator and Chairman, Board of
Studies in Biotechnology; Principal, Sri
Krishnadevaraya University College. He retired from
active Service in 2011 and was selected by UGC as
UGC-BSR Faculty Fellow. He has published 73
books, 330 research papers and 35 popular articles.
Under his guidance, 54 students obtained their Ph.
D. degrees and 34 students their M. Phil. Degrees.
He is the recipient of Best Teacher Award from the
Government of Andhra Pradesh, Prof. P. Maheshwari
Gold Medal and Dr. G.Panigrahi Memorial Award of
Indian Botanical Society and Prof. Y. D. Tiagi Gold
Medal of the Indian Association for Angiosperm
Taxonomy. He was President of Indian Association
for Angiosperm Taxonomy (2013) and President of
the Indian Botanical Society (2014). He was a
member of Species Survival Commission of
International Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources (IUCN).
iv Plant Reproduction
Prof. K. Lakshminaryana took his M.Sc. (with
distinction) and Ph.D. degrees from Andhra
University in 1974 and 1978 respectively. He is
recipient of National Associateship of UGC in 1985.
He has more than 34 years of teaching experience.
He has completed five research projects and
published more than 80 research papers in National
and international journals. He is the editorial board
member of the journal Flora and Fauna. His research
work is cited in several international standard books.
He is an active member of various academic and
research associations and actively participated in
several conferences/seminars/symposia. Under his
guidance 10 students obtained their Ph.D. degrees
and 15 students obtained their M.Phil. degrees. He is
the Editor of some of the Books in Telugu and
English for Undergraduate and Postgraduate
students.
Prof. B. Hanumantha Rao obtained his M.Sc.
(Gold Medalist) and Ph.D. Degrees from Andhra
University. He is a former Professor in the
Department of Botany, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, with many years of Teaching and
Research experience. Prof. Rao published more than
80 Research Papers in Journals of National and
International repute. Several students obtained their
Ph.D. and M.Phil. Degrees under his guidance. He is
the Editor of some of the Books in Telugu and
English for Undergraduate and Postgraduate
students. He is associated with several National and
International Professional Bodies.
CONTENTS
Preface iii
CHAPTER - I HISTORY OF EMBRYOLOGY OF
ANGIOSPERMS
1
CHAPTER - II MICROSPORANGIUM AND
MICROSPOROGENESIS
9
CHAPTER - III MALE GAMETOPHYTE 26
CHAPTER - IV PALYNOLOGY 41
CHAPTER - V OVULE AND MEGASPOROGENESIS 58
CHAPTER - VI THE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE 81
CHAPTER - VII FLORAL CHARACTERS, POLLINATION
MECHANISMS AND VECTORS
— A. Janaki Bai
117
CHAPTER - VIII FERTILIZATION 132
CHAPTER - IX INCOMPATIBILITY 159
CHAPTER - X ENDOSPERM 179
CHAPTER - XI EMBRYO 204
CHAPTER - XII POLYEMBRYONY 229
CHAPTER - XIII APOMIXIS 242
CHAPTER - XIV EMBRYOLOGY IN RELATION TO
TAXONOMY
264
CHAPTER - XV EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY 276
CHAPTER - XVI PRACTICALS 306
•••• SUBJECT AND PLANT INDEX 313