plant reproduction asexual reproduction: plants being remade without sex cells (egg or sperm/pollen)
TRANSCRIPT
Plant Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction: Plants being remade without sex cells (egg or sperm/pollen)
Asexual Reproduction
A. Tip and Stem layering – stem comes in contact with ground and develops roots.
Ex. Raspberry bushes
Asexual Reproduction
B. Cuttings – stem/leaves placed in water; start to develop roots.
Ex. Geraniums
Asexual Reproduction
C. Grafting – take a twig from one plant and attach to stem of another.
Asexual Reproduction
D. Budding – attach the end bud from one plant to another.
Asexual Reproduction
E. Runners – stems that extend along ground and “plant themselves”.
Ex. Strawberries
Asexual Reproduction
F. Bulb and corm duplication – onions, daffodils, tulips. Flower is at center.
Asexual Reproduction
G. Rhizome – stem growing below ground.
Ex. Grass
Asexual Reproduction
H. Tubers – “eyes” are modified rhizomes that will develop into plant.
Ex. Potato
Seeds
Definition: An embryo plant with a food supply and a protective coat.
Function of seed parts
a. Testa – seed coat
b. Cotyledon – embryo leaf
c. Radicle – root tip
d. Epicotyl – embryo stem
f.
f.
d.
b.
Seeds
Definition: An embryo plant with a food supply and a protective coat.
Function of seed parts
e. hypocotyl – embryo root
f. endosperm – starch for embryo f.
f.
b.
WHY WOULD A PLANT NEED ITS OWN FOOD SUPPLY?
Function of Seed Parts
Hilum – where seed attaches to seed pod.
Micropyle – where fertilization of egg took place.
Germination
Definition – The development of a seed into a plant.
Germination requirements:
A. water
B. oxygen
C. Correct temperatureWHY NOT LIGHT?
Label flower and give function of parts
1. Sepals (ALL – calyx)
A. green; leaf-like
B. Protect bud before opening
2. Petals (ALL – corolla)
A. Protection
B. Attract pollenators (bees, etc.)
Label flower and give function of parts
3. Stamen – male structure
A. Anther – produces pollen
B. Filament – Holds anther up high; aids pollination
C. Pollen – plant sperm
Label flower and give function of parts
4. Pistil – female structure
A. Ovary – creates eggs, becomes fruit
B. Ovules (eggs) – turn into seeds if fertilized
C. Style – supports stigma
Label flower and give function of parts
4. Pistil – female structure
D. Stigma – pollen sticks to it
5. Receptacle – point of stem where flower meets stem
Variations existing in flowers
a.Perfect flower – both male and female parts are present on same flower
b.Imperfect flower – only has male OR female parts
PUMPKIN FLOWERS ARE IMPERFECT.
WHICH PUMPKIN FLOWER IS THE FEMALE?
HOW DO YOU KNOW?
Variations existing in flowers
a.Complete flower – All parts present
b.Incomplete flower – missing one or more of main parts
PETALS MISSING
Type of pollination
1.Define pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
2. Self-pollination – pollen from same plant pollinate its own flowers
Type of pollination
1.Define pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
3. Cross-pollination – pollen exchanged between flowers
Fertilization
1.Pollen released from anther and sticks to stigma
2. Pollen tube (corn silk) grows down style to deliver sperm to ovary
FertilizationPollen tube animation
Three main pollinators
1.Insects/animals – attracted by “bright” petal
2. Wind
3. water/rain
Flowers to fruit
1.If fertilization happens, ovary develops into fruit with seeds inside.
2. If no fertilization, flower dies and falls off.
Various methods of seed dispersal
1.Mechanical
2. Wind -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NminPy_ZGpk
Function of Seed Parts
Testa – seed coat
Cotyledon – starch (energy source) for embryo
Radicle – embryo root tip
Hypocotyl – embryo root
Function of Seed Parts
Epicotyl – embryo leaf
Cotyledon – starch (energy source) for embryo