plant structure and function d jones. plant cell types parenchyma –metabolism –storage...
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
D Jones
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Plant Cell Types parenchyma
– metabolism– storage– contain plastids that store
store starch – support with growth
sclerenchyma– support without growth– two forms
fibers (flax and hemp) sclereids (nutshells)
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Xylem water conducting
dead at maturity– tracheids
• long, thin, tapered ends– vessel elements
• wider, shorter, thin walled, less tapered
Phloem food conducting live at maturity
– sieve-tube members• Have sieve plates
– companion cells
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Tissue Systems dermal
– epidermis tightly packed cells cover and protect
vascular– xylem & phloem
transport & support
ground– mostly parenchyma
photosynthesis, storage & support
– collenchyma– sclerenchyma
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Plant Systems roots Stems leaves flowers & seeds
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Functions of Roots absorb water and nutrients anchor plants conduct water and nutrients store food
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Types of Roots fibrous roots
– mat of thread-like roots– just below soil surface– found in monocots
tap roots– one long root– deep into soil– found in dicots
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Root Cross Section
Monocot
Dicot
epidermiscortex
endodermis xylem
pericycle
xylem
phloem
cortex
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Tissue Characteristics & Functions
Tissue Characteristics Function
Cortex Cellular spaces for aeration
Stores starch
endodermis Tightly packed produce suberin(creates water barrier called casparian strip
Control movement of water into center of root and prevent outward movement
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Root hairs give surface area for absorption
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Functions of Stems transport materials support storage
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Types of Stems Herbaceous
– in annuals– green (photosynthesize)– pliable
Woody– in perennials– have bark– inflexible
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Stem Cross Sectionsmonocot
dicot
phloem
xylem
vessel element (xylem)air spacephloem
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Tissue functions epidermis – produces waxy cuticle of
cutin to protect from water loss cortex – ground tissue containing
chloroplasts vascular cylinder – xylem, phloem and
pith
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Woody Stemperiderm
cork cambium
cortexphloem
xylem
vascular cambium
pith
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Tissue functions
vascular cambium – produces new xylem and phloem
periderm (bark or cork)– protects from water loss
cork cambium – produces periderm Sapwood – outermost water-conducting
xylem Heartwood – innermost supporting xylem
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Leaf Functions photosynthesis – food production
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Functions of Leaves photosynthesis
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Types of Leaves Simple
compound– Pinnate
– palmate
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Leaf Cross Section
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Tissue Functions epidermis – covered by waxy cuticle of cutin
that limits water loss palisade mesophyll – specialized for
photosynthesis – tightly packed spongy mesophyll – air spaces allow gas
exchange guard cells – open and close stomata to
allow gas exchange and limit water loss vascular bundles – transport of water and
food
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Stomata Functioning guard cells have thicker cell walls near
the stomata when water moves into guard cells
they expand and open when water moves out the guard cells
close
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Factors that Affect Stomata
temperature – stomata close limiting water loss when the temperature is high
CO2 concentration – stomata open when CO2 is low allowing photosynthesis
day/night – stomata open during the day and close at night
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Flowers and Seeds reproduction
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Flower structure
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Functions of Flower Parts petals – attract birds and insects sepals – protect flower buds stamen – male structures that produce
pollen pistil – female structures tha produce
ovules
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Seeds
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Tissue Functions seed coat - protection Endosperm - storage Cotyledon - storage epicotyl – becomes shoot tip hypocotyl – becomes shoot radical – becomes root
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Monocot /Dicot Comparison