Plants

Green: The color of life.1

What do plants need to survive?

Sunlight Water and Minerals

Gas Exchange

CO2 O2

Movement of Water and Nutrients

Sugar

2

The Development of Plants

Mosses andtheir relatives

Ferns andtheir relatives

Cone-bearingplants

Floweringplants

Blue greenbacteria

Water-ConductingVascular Tissue

Seeds

FlowersSeeds Enclosed in Fruit

Over time, plants have gone from

simple to complex.

3

Flowering Plants have:Monocot

Mono = one cot = cotyledon(seed leaves)

DicotDi = two cot = cotyledon

(seed leaves)

Seeds

Corn Seed Bean Seed

4

Flowering Plants have:Monocot Dicot

LeavesParallel Veins Branched Veins

5

Flowering Plants have:Monocot Dicot

FlowersMultiples of 3 Multiples of 4 or 5

1

23

4

5

6

23 4

5

6

7

18

6

Flowering Plants have:Monocot Dicot

Stems

Vascular BundlesScattered

Vascular BundlesIn a Ring

7

Flowering Plants have:Monocot Dicot

Roots

Fibrous Root Taproot

8

Why does a plant need roots?

To anchor a plant in the groundTo absorb water and nutrients

from the soil like a spongeand store them for later

9

Epidermis

Cortex

Vascular Cylinder

A Root Has Layers

10

The outside layer of a root Is called the Epidermis.The epidermis provides

Protection

Absorption

11

Root Hairs add extrasurface area.

The root cap pushesthrough the soil.

The outside layer of a root Is called the Epidermis.

12

Cortex

The middle layer of a root Is called the Cortex.

13

Vascular Cylinder

The inside layer of a root Is called the Vascular Cylinder.

The Vascular Cylinderbegins the process of

moving food and waterthroughout the plant.

Sugar

14

The Vascular Cylinder contains:

Xylem

W (water) & X (xylem)are both at the end

of the alphabet.

(Pronounced Flow-em)

PhloemCarries Water

Carries Food

Sugar

15

Why does a plant need a stem?

To produce

To hold the leaves up to sunlight

To transport nutrients from roots to leaves

leaves, branches and flowers

16

Why does a plant need leaves?

For Photosynthesis

For Transpiration

For Gas Exchange

CO2 O2

To Move WaterTo “Breathe”

Sugar

To Make Food

17

Guard Cells

Stoma

Guard cells let waterleave the plant.

As water pressure in theguard cells decrease

The size of the stoma decreases.

18

Guard cells let waterleave the plant.

As water pressure in theguard cells increase

The size of the stoma increases.

Stoma

Guard Cells

19

Looking at a cross-sectionof a leaf, you can see

20

Looking at a cross-sectionof a leaf, you can see

Guard Cells Control the sizeof the stoma.

21

Looking at a cross-sectionof a leaf, you can see

Stoma Allows gases tomove in and out

of the leaf.22

Looking at a cross-sectionof a leaf, you can see

CuticleOuter waxy layer

that protects against water loss.

23

Looking at a cross-sectionof a leaf, you can see

XylemMove nutrients and

water through the plant.

Phloem

24

Photosynthesis

+ +carbondioxide

CO2

oxygen

O2

sugars

Sugar

waterSunlight

Green plants use the energy of sunlight

to convert carbon dioxide and water

into high-energy sugars and oxygen.25

Photosynthesis

carbondioxide oxygensugarswater

The formula looks like this.

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2+ +light

The balanced equation looks like this.

6 6 6

Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow.

26

Photosynthesis

carbondioxide oxygensugarswater

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2+ +light

The balanced equation looks like this.

6 6 6

Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow.

6 Carbon

27

Photosynthesis

carbondioxide oxygensugarswater

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2+ +light

The balanced equation looks like this.

6 6 6

Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow.

18 Oxygen

28

Photosynthesis

carbondioxide oxygensugarswater

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2+ +light

The balanced equation looks like this.

6 6 6

Now there are equal numbers of each element on both sides of the arrow.

12 Hydrogen

29

Plant ReproductionPlants can reproduce sexually by

Seeds Cones

30

Seed DispersalSeeds can be spread by:

Animals

Wind

Water

31

Gymnosperms

reproduce using cones.

32

Angiosperms

reproduce using flowers.

33

Parts of a Typical Flower

How attractive!

PetalsAttract Insects

SepalsProtect theDeveloping

flower

Careful!

34

Parts of a Typical Flower

StamenMale partof flower

AntherFilament

35

Parts of a Typical Flower

PistilFemale part

of flower(Sounds like “Pigtail”)

Stigma

Style

Ovary

36

Plant ReproductionPlants can reproduce asexually by

vegetative propagation.

Stems

PlantletsRoots

Stems, plantlets and roots can become a new plant.37

Plant ReproductionPlants can reproduce asexually by

plant propagation.

CuttingsGrafting & Budding

A “cut” from a plant cangrow roots when put in soil. Two plants are attached

to form one plant.38

Plants can respond totheir environment.

Tropisms Winter Dormancy

Plants can respond to stimuli such as gravity,

light, and touch.

A plant’s growth and activitycan decrease or stop for

a period of time.39

Plants can adapt totheir environment.

Aquatic Plants Desert Plants

Waterlilies have air-filled spaces to help oxygen move.

Coconut seeds floatin water.

Have extensive roots,reduced leaves andthick stems to store

water.40