PLANTSI mean they do keep you alive!

General Characteristics• Multicellular

• Photosynthesis aka Autotrophic

• Eukaryote

• All can reproduce sexually

• Have cell walls

Fun Facts

• The Energy most organisms needs comes directly or indirectly from plants

• 12 phyla and more than 270,000 known species

• Life cycles vary from a few weeks to 5,000 years

• Some less than 1mm in width and some grow more than 328 feet tall.

Review Photosynthesis

• Carbon dioxide + water oxygen + sugar

• Light is used as the energy source for the reaction.

Evolution• Cyanobacteria endosymbiosis

• All related to – green algae (multicellular photosynthetic plant-like protist)

• Increased throughout time in the plants level of complexity

• Could not grow until ozone formed (protected organisms from UV rays)

Adaptation to Land

• Aquatic environment to land (biggest goal: how to conserve water)– Thicker cell walls– Vascular tissue – Reproduction without water (spores and

seeds)– Cuticle– Stomata

Organization/Structures• 12 division/phylum classified into 2 groups

• Vascular– True stems, leaves, and roots (think trees,

flowers, pretty much all other plants)

• Non Vascular– Short, no true stems, leaves or roots (think

liverwart, moss, etc.)

Nonvascular

• 3 phyla are called bryophytes (16,600 species)

• Usually grow near streams and rivers

• Sexual reproduction needs water to reproduce (sperm and egg swim)

• Asexual does not

• Rhiziods instead of roots

• Flat broad tissues instead of leaves

Two types of vascular tissue

• Xylem and Phloem• Xylem – carries WATER and inorganic nutrients

in ONE direction from the roots to the stems and leaves

• Phloem – carries ORGANIC compounds (carbohydrates) in ANY direction, depending on the plants needs.

• Vascular Plants have three kinds of tissue (dermal, ground, and vascular)

• Vascular tissue helps to provide support, aquatic plants use water as a support system.

• Woody tissue – several layers of xylem

• Non-woody = herbaceous

Seedless or Seeds

• Vascular Plants are broken down into 2 groups

• Seedless – example ferns (produce spores)

• Seeds

Gymnosperm and Angiosperm

• Seed plants are broken down into two groups

• Gymnosperms – “Naked seed” ex pine trees : seeds are not in a fruit

• Angiosperms – flowering plants: seeds are within a protective fruit

Monocots and Dicots

• Angiosperm breaks down into 2 classes

• Monocots – embryo has 1 cotyledon, typically narrow leaves, long parallel veins, flowers in multiples of three (grasses, corn)

• Dicots – embryo has 2 cotyledons, broad leaves with branching veins, flowers in multiples of four or five (beans, most trees)

FunctionsDraw and label a picture of the types of tissue and

general plant parts pg. 570– Draw and label a woody stem pg. 575– Draw and label simple and compound leaves

pg. 576– Draw and label the differences between

monocot and dicot pg. 574

Use color and include all needed detail! (homework is not finished)

Identifying Characteristics• Leaves

• Monocot and Dicot

• Stem types

Basic Plant ReproductionAlternation of Generations

All plants have a life cycle that involves two phases