PLASMODIUMPLASMODIUM

SporozoaSporozoaPlasmodium sp.Plasmodium sp. – causes – causes

malariamalaria - transmitted by a female - transmitted by a female

Anopheles mosquitoAnopheles mosquito - S/Sx: intermittent chills, fever, - S/Sx: intermittent chills, fever,

sweatsweat - with alternating generations of - with alternating generations of

sexual stage (sporogony) in the sexual stage (sporogony) in the mosquito and asexual stage mosquito and asexual stage (schizogony) in man(schizogony) in man

Dx: 6 consecutive positive malarial blood Dx: 6 consecutive positive malarial blood smearsmear

- Treatment: Chloroquine- Treatment: Chloroquine

- Types of malaria:- Types of malaria:

1.1. Plasmodium malariaePlasmodium malariae – quartan malaria – quartan malaria

2.2. Plasmodium vivaxPlasmodium vivax – benign tertian – benign tertian malaria, most widely distributedmalaria, most widely distributed

3.3. Plasmodium ovalePlasmodium ovale – ovale tertian malaria, – ovale tertian malaria, sporadicsporadic

4.4. Plasmodium falciparumPlasmodium falciparum – malignant – malignant tertian malariatertian malaria

Plasmodium malariaePlasmodium malariae

Plasmodium malariaePlasmodium malariae ring stagering stage

Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium vivax gametocytegametocyte

Plasmodium vivaxPlasmodium vivax ring ring stagestage

Plasmodium vivaxPlasmodium vivax schizont stageschizont stage

Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium vivax trophozoitetrophozoite

Plasmodium ovalePlasmodium ovale

Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium ovale trophozoitetrophozoite

Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum gametocytegametocyte

Plasmodium falciparumPlasmodium falciparum ring stagering stage

DISEASES

Stages of malaria paroxysm Cold stage Hot stage Wet stage

Treatment

Anti-malarial drugChloroquine (all species except P. malariae)

QuinineSulfadoxine (for the resistant P. falciparum)

Primaquine (for relapse of P. vivax and ovale)

Exchange transfusion for rapid production of high levels of parasites in

the blood

EFFECT ON RBC

P. falciparum Normal Maurer’s dot

P.vivax Enlarged Shuffner’s dot

P. ovale Enlarged with jajed edge James’s dot

P. malariae Normal rbc Ziemman’s dot