Plastics & Composites Performance : Cost

Dr. Chris DeArmitt (FRSC CChem)Plastics Research BASF AG

30.03.2004 2

Outline

IntroductionBASF & PlasticsWhat are the main mechanical properties?Plastics performance : costFillers – how they affect properties and cost in PPHigh performance fillers, e.g. glass fibres in PP, nylon and PBTConclusions

30.03.2004 3

BASF & Plastics

BASF is the world´s leading chemical company87,000 employeesChemicals, Plastics, Performance Products, Agricultural Products & Nutrition, Oil & GasTurnover 33.4 Billion Euros~26 % of that is PlasticsPlastics are: PS, HIPS, SAN, ABS, ASA, MABS, ABS/PA, SBS, PA6, PA6,6, POM, PBT, PSU, PES, PUR (PE, PP & PVC)

30.03.2004 4

Plasticsproperties & price

30.03.2004 5

Tensile Testing

Stre

ss o

r Fo

rce

(MPa

)

Strain or elongation (%)

Increasing temperatureLower testing speed

Plasticiser addedBrittle failure

Ductile failure

Break orultimate

Yield

Energy to break

30.03.2004 6

Modulus : Materials cost

SAN

PSPET

PC

ABS POM

HIPS

PP-h

HDPEPP-c

LDPE

PA6

PVC

PMMA

PA6,6

PBT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)

Mod

ulus

(GPa

)

30.03.2004 7

Strength : Materials cost

PBTPA6,6

PVC

SAN

PS

PET PC

ABS

POM

HIPSPP-h

HDPEPP-c

LDPE

PA6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MPa

)

PMMA

30.03.2004 8

HDT : Materials cost

PA6

LDPE

PP-c

HDPE

PP-hHIPS

POM

ABS

PC

PETPS SAN

PVCPBT

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)

HD

T 1.

8 M

Pa (°

C)

PMMA

PA 6,6

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Impact : Materials cost

CAP

PMMA

ASA

ABS/PC

MABS

PVC

SANPS

PET

PC

ABS

POM

HIPS

PP-h

HDPEPP-c

LDPE

PA6

PBT

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)

Not

ched

Cha

rpy

Impa

ct (k

J/m

²)

PA

ABS/PA

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Fillerseffect on performance

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Modulus change with Fillers

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 5 10 15 20 25Filler Volume (%)

Mod

ulus

(GPa

)

Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclayWollastonite

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Strength change with Fillers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 5 10 15 20 25Filler Volume (%)

Yiel

d St

ress

(MPa

)

Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclayWollastonite

30.03.2004 13

HDT change with Fillers

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Filler Volume (%)

HD

T 1.

8 M

Pa (°

C)

Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreWollastonite

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Impact change with Fillers

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0 5 10 15 20 25Filler Volume (%)

Not

ched

Cha

rpy

Impa

ct (k

J/m

²)

Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreWollastonite

30.03.2004 15

Plastics / composites cost

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Composite versus PlasticModulus & Cost

SANPS PET

PCABS

POM

HIPSPP-hHDPEPP-cLDPE

PA6

PA6,6

PBTPMMA

PVC

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)

Mod

ulus

(GPa

)

PP GFPA6,6 GFPBT GFPP ChalkPP TalcPP MicaPP Mineral Fibre

30.03.2004 17

Composite versus PlasticTensile yield strength & Cost

PVC

PMMA

PBTPA6,6PA6

LDPEPP-c HDPE

PP-hHIPS

POM

ABS

PCPETPS

SAN

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MPa

)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 18

Composite versus PlasticHDT & Cost

PVC

PMMA

PBT

PA6,6

PA6

LDPE

PP-cHDPE

PP-h HIPS

POMABS

PC

PETPS SAN

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)

HD

T 1.

8 M

Pa (°

C)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 19

Composite versus PlasticImpact resistance & Cost

SANPS

PET

PC

ABS

POM

HIPS

PP-hHDPE

PP-c

LDPE

PA6PA6,6

PBT

PMMA

PVC

0

10

20

30

40

50

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)

Not

ched

Cha

rpy

Impa

ct (k

J/m

²)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 20

Plastics / composites density

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Composite versus PlasticModulus & Density

SANPS PET

PCABSPOM

HIPSPP-hHDPEPP-c

LDPE

PA6PA6,6

PBT

PMMA

PVC

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50Density of Material (kg / litre)

Mod

ulus

(GPa

)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 22

Composite versus PlasticTensile yield strength & Density

PVC

PMMA

PBTPA6,6PA6

LDPEPP-c

HDPEPP-h

HIPS

POM

ABSPC PET

PS

SAN

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50Density of Material (kg / litre)

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MPa

)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 23

Composite versus PlasticHDT & Density

SANPS PET

PC

ABS

POM

HIPSPP-hHDPEPP-c

LDPE

PA6PA6,6

PBT

PMMA

PVC

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60Density of Material (kg / litre)

HD

T 1.

8 M

Pa (°

C)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 24

Composite versus PlasticImpact resistance & Density

PVC

PMMA

PBT

PA6,6PA6

LDPE

PP-cHDPE

PP-h HIPS

POM

ABS

PC

PET

PS SAN

ASA

ABS/PA

ABS/PC

MABS

CAP

ASA/PC

0

10

20

30

40

50

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50Density of Material (kg / litre)

Not

ched

Cha

rpy

Impa

ct (k

J/m

²)

PP GF

PA6,6 GF

PBT GF

30.03.2004 25

Conclusions

Main mechanical properties are modulus, strength, HDT and impact resistanceThermoplastics cover a wide range of performance and priceFiller can be used to alter propertiesFillers impart properties not attainable in the unfilled plasticsFillers give the best balance of performance and materials costFillers give the best performance for a given weight