platform chemicals from renewable raw materials
TRANSCRIPT
Platform Molecules and Green Chemistry
Platform Chemicals From Renewable Raw Materials
Professor Colin WebbSatake Centre for Grain Process Engineering
School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of Manchester
Renewable Resources & Biorefineries Conference, September 6–8, 2006, York
RRB2, York, September 2006
Raw Materials, Agriculture and Chemistry
“Petrochemical processes have provided low cost production routes for fuels, plastics and chemicals for well over 50 years but the escalating impact on the environment and the inevitable future depletion of fossil feedstocks make it essential that benign, sustainable, alternatives be developed commercially in the very near future.”
RSC, 2003
RRB2, York, September 2006
Renewable raw materials
Photosynthetic biomassStarchy cropsSugar cropsOil seedsLignocellulosics
Water
Atmospheric gases (e.g. CO2, methane)
RRB2, York, September 2006
Platform chemicals from petroleum
Crude oilJet fuel Light fuel/diesel oil
Natural gas liquids (methane, ethane,
propane)
Naphtha Oil coke
Heavy fuel oil
Ethylene79 x109 kg
$0.6/kg
Propylene43.1x 109 kg
$0.44/kg
BTXMixture Butane/enes
Butadiene8.5 x109 kg
$0.57/kg
Polybutadiene1.82 x109 kg
MTBE22.2 x109 kg
$0.29/kg
Acrylonitrile4.3?109 kg$1.98/kg
Propylene oxide
4?109 kg$1.41/kg
Acrylic acid2?109 kg$1.92/kg
Isopropanol2.3?109 kg$0.84/kg
n-Butanols1.78?109 kg Polypropylene
<$1/kg
Propylene glycol
0.97?109 kg$1.48/kg
Acrylic fibres, nitrilerubber,
ABS, SAN
Benzene20.79?109 kg
$0.33/kg
o-/m-/p-xylenes10.1?109 kg$0.31/kg
Toluene7.85?109 kg
$0.33/kg
Terephthalicacid3.2?109 kg$0.63/kg
Ethylbenzene19.7?109 kg$0.56/kg
Cumene8?109 kg$0.56/kgCyclohexane
5.1?109 kg$0.44/kg
Diisocyanates2.23?109 kg
$2.2/kg
Styrene19.2?109 kg$0.55/kg
Polystyrene, SBR, ABS,
SAN, resins
Phenol3.4?109 kg$0.82/kg
Acetone3.4?109 kg$0.46/kg
Cyclohexanone,Nylon-6,6
Methanol29.1?109 kg
$0.21/kg
Acetic acid6?109 kg$0.99/kg
Formaldehyde4.9?109 kg$0.46/kg
Vinyl chloride
24?109 kg$0.48/kg
Ethylene oxide11.2?109 kg
$1.17/kg
Vinyl acetate3.8?109 kg
$1.1/kg
Ethanol2.6?109 kg$0.42/kg
Polyethylene<$1/kg
Polyvinyl chloride
Ethylene glycol9.7?109 kg$0.53/kg
Ethanolamines0.84?109 kg
$1.28/kg
Crude oilJet fuelJet fuel Light fuel/diesel oil
Light fuel/diesel oil
Natural gas liquids (methane, ethane,
propane)
Naphtha Oil cokeNatural gas liquids (methane, ethane,
propane)
Naphtha Oil coke
Heavy fuel oilHeavy fuel oil
BTX
Acrylonitrile4.3?109 kg$1.98/kg
Propylene oxide
4?109 kg$1.41/kg
Acrylic acid2?109 kg$1.92/kg
Isopropanol2.3?109 kg$0.84/kg
n-Butanols1.78?109 kg Polypropylene
<$1/kg
Propylene glycol
0.97?109 kg$1.48/kg
Acrylic fibres, nitrilerubber,
ABS, SAN
Acrylonitrile4.3?109 kg$1.98/kg
Propylene oxide
4?109 kg$1.41/kg
Acrylic acid2?109 kg$1.92/kg
Isopropanol2.3?109 kg$0.84/kg
n-Butanols1.78?109 kg Polypropylene
<$1/kg
Propylene glycol
0.97?109 kg$1.48/kg
Acrylic fibres, nitrilerubber,
ABS, SAN
Benzene20.79?109 kg
$0.33/kg
o-/m-/p-xylenes10.1?109 kg$0.31/kg
Toluene7.85?109 kg
$0.33/kg
Terephthalicacid3.2?109 kg$0.63/kg
Ethylbenzene19.7?109 kg$0.56/kg
Cumene8?109 kg$0.56/kgCyclohexane
5.1?109 kg$0.44/kg
Diisocyanates2.23?109 kg
$2.2/kg
Styrene19.2?109 kg$0.55/kg
Polystyrene, SBR, ABS,
SAN, resins
Phenol3.4?109 kg$0.82/kg
Acetone3.4?109 kg$0.46/kg
Cyclohexanone,Nylon-6,6
Benzene20.79?109 kg
$0.33/kg
o-/m-/p-xylenes10.1?109 kg$0.31/kg
Toluene7.85?109 kg
$0.33/kg
Terephthalicacid3.2?109 kg$0.63/kg
Ethylbenzene19.7?109 kg$0.56/kg
Cumene8?109 kg$0.56/kgCyclohexane
5.1?109 kg$0.44/kg
Diisocyanates2.23?109 kg
$2.2/kg
Styrene19.2?109 kg$0.55/kg
Polystyrene, SBR, ABS,
SAN, resins
Phenol3.4?109 kg$0.82/kg
Acetone3.4?109 kg$0.46/kg
Cyclohexanone,Nylon-6,6
Methanol29.1?109 kg
$0.21/kg
Acetic acid6?109 kg$0.99/kg
Formaldehyde4.9?109 kg$0.46/kg
Methanol29.1?109 kg
$0.21/kg
Acetic acid6?109 kg$0.99/kg
Formaldehyde4.9?109 kg$0.46/kg
Vinyl chloride
24?109 kg$0.48/kg
Ethylene oxide11.2?109 kg
$1.17/kg
Vinyl acetate3.8?109 kg
$1.1/kg
Ethanol2.6?109 kg$0.42/kg
Polyethylene<$1/kg
Polyvinyl chloride
Ethylene glycol9.7?109 kg$0.53/kg
Ethanolamines0.84?109 kg
$1.28/kg
Vinyl chloride
24?109 kg$0.48/kg
Ethylene oxide11.2?109 kg
$1.17/kg
Vinyl acetate3.8?109 kg
$1.1/kg
Ethanol2.6?109 kg$0.42/kg
Polyethylene<$1/kg
Polyvinyl chloride
Ethylene glycol9.7?109 kg$0.53/kg
Ethanolamines0.84?109 kg
$1.28/kg
RRB2, York, September 2006
New products or new processes?
ConventionalProduct
Replacement
Sustainable Raw Material New Process
ConventionalProcess
Sustainable Raw Material
AlternativeProducts
AlternativeProductsNew ProcessSustainable
Raw Material
RRB2, York, September 2006
Bioprocessing
Bioprocessing will lead to more natural and cost-effective means of converting natural feedstocks into platformchemicals
Platform chemicals that can be produced in large quantities by microorganisms include acetic acid, ethanol, glycerol, succinicacid, pyruvic acid, 2,3-butanediol and 1,3-propanediol
They are different from current petrochemical building blocks (e.g. ethylene, propylene and butadiene) and therefore require significant technological research
Benefit will come from collaboration of chemists, biotechnologists and (bio)chemical-engineers
RRB2, York, September 2006
Cereals as a Renewable Resource
Sustainable renewable chemicals will have to come mostly through photosynthesisThe most intensive crops are those based on starch (10 times more chemical energy is stored as cereal grain starch than as sucrose)50% of the world’s food is cereal basedCereal processing for human consumption leaves approximately 15% of the grain as waste productLarge amounts of cereal grain are also wasted through poor post-harvest techniquesand…yields are still increasing
RRB2, York, September 2006
Cereal Grain or Whole Crop?
For every tonne of grain most cereals produce approximately one tonne of straw and other residues
Ligno-cellulosic material is much more difficult to process than starchy material
Straw has a bulk density 1/15th of that of grain
Biorefinery processing of straw is currently not feasible
Like petroleum refining we should start simple (glucose cf. gasoline; lignocellulose cf. bitumen)
RRB2, York, September 2006
Chemical Products From Glucose
GLUCOSE
2,3-BUTANEDIOL
LACTIC ACID
ACETONE
BUTANOL
ACETIC ACID
ETHANOL
SORBITOL
HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
Glycerol
SCP
BUTANEDIOL ACETATEMETHYL ETHYL KETONEMETHYL VINYL KETONE
BUTADIENE
POLYBUTADIENE
ACRYLATE RESINS
BISPHENOL AMETHYL iso-BUTYL KETONEMETHYL METHACRYLATE
POLYCARBONATE RESINS
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE PVC RESINS
DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATEACETIC RESINS
ETHYLENEETHANOLAMINESBUTADIENE
POLYETHYLENEVINYL ACETATESTYRENEACETALDEHYDEETHYLENE GLYCOLDRUGS
POLYURETHANESSURFACTANTS
TEREPHTHALIC ACID
GLUCOSE
2,3-BUTANEDIOL
LACTIC ACID
ACETONE
BUTANOL
ACETIC ACID
ETHANOL
SORBITOL
HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
2,3-BUTANEDIOL
LACTIC ACID
ACETONE
BUTANOL
ACETIC ACID
ETHANOL
SORBITOL
HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
Glycerol
SCP
BUTANEDIOL ACETATEMETHYL ETHYL KETONEMETHYL VINYL KETONE
BUTANEDIOL ACETATEMETHYL ETHYL KETONEMETHYL VINYL KETONE
BUTADIENE
POLYBUTADIENE
ACRYLATE RESINS
BISPHENOL AMETHYL iso-BUTYL KETONEMETHYL METHACRYLATE
BISPHENOL AMETHYL iso-BUTYL KETONEMETHYL METHACRYLATE
POLYCARBONATE RESINS
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE PVC RESINS
DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATEACETIC RESINSDIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATEACETIC RESINS
ETHYLENEETHANOLAMINESBUTADIENE
ETHYLENEETHANOLAMINESBUTADIENE
POLYETHYLENEVINYL ACETATESTYRENEACETALDEHYDEETHYLENE GLYCOL
POLYETHYLENEVINYL ACETATESTYRENEACETALDEHYDEETHYLENE GLYCOLDRUGS
POLYURETHANESSURFACTANTS
DRUGSPOLYURETHANESSURFACTANTS
TEREPHTHALIC ACID
RRB2, York, September 2006
Top 12 Sugar-based Building Blocks
Glutamic acidGlycerolItaconic acidLevulinic acidSorbitolXylitol/arabinitol
Glucaric acidAspartic acid3-hydroxy propionic acid3-hydroxybutyrolactone2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid1,4 succinic, fumaric and malic acids
RRB2, York, September 2006
Succinic Acid
C4H6O4; MW = 118.09 Butanedioic acid; 1,2-ethandicarboxylic acid; dihydrofumaric acid and amber acid Important intermediate in the manufacture of:
pharmaceuticals, elastomers, protective coatings, electrical insulations, foods, detergents, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors and cosmetics with a total market size of more than $400,000,000 p a.
Currently produced from petrochemical feedstocks (butane - maleic anhydride - succinic acid)Bioproduction could decrease production cost from $7/kg to $0.6/kg
RRB2, York, September 2006
Succinic Acid Derivatives
OH
O
OH
O
Succinic acid
OHOH
1,4-Butanediol (BDO)Solvent
O
NH 2
O
N H 2
SuccindiamidePBS Polymer
O O
γ-Butyrolactone (GBL)SolventO
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)Solvent
O NH
2-PyrrolidoneSolvent
O NCH3
N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP)Solvent
O
O
O
O
CH3CH3
Dibasic Ester (DBE)Solvent, polymer
NH2
NH2
1,4-DiaminobutanePolyamide 46 (Nylon)
CNCN
SuccinonitrileResin
RRB2, York, September 2006
Bioconversion of glucose to Succinic acid
Actinobacillus succinogenes:Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from bovine rumen in 1999Moderate halophile & osmophileCapnophilic & aerotolerantCan use both pentose and hexose sugars Natural succinate producer Produces succinate mainly via a single pathwayConsumes CO2 as part of the production process
RRB2, York, September 2006
Metabolic Pathway
Succinate
Glucose-6P
PEP
Acetyl-coA
Acetate
Pyruvate
α-KetoglutarateCitrate
OAA
Malate
H: reducing power
CO2 2H2H
2H CO2
2H
Fumarate
4H
outLactate
Ethanol outout
Out
4H
outCO2 in
Glucose
RRB2, York, September 2006
Metabolic Pathway
Succinate
Glucose-6P
PEP
Acetyl-coA
Acetate
Pyruvate
α-KetoglutarateCitrate
OAA
Malate
H: reducing power
CO2 2H2H
2H CO2
2H
Fumarate
4H
outLactate
Ethanol outout
Out
4H
outCO2 in
Glucose
RRB2, York, September 2006
Current raw material - Medium 1
US Patent5,573,931
Glucose
Yeast Extract
B12BiotinFolic acidRiboflavinNiacinPantothenate (B5)p-aminobenzoateThiaminePyridoxine (B6)
Vitamins
MineralsNaClNaH2P4∙H2ONa2HP4CaCl2∙2H2OMgCl2∙6H2O
RRB2, York, September 2006
Bioconversion of Cereals to Succinic Acid
Wheat
Bioreaction Downstream processing Succinic
acid
Derivatives
Upstream processing
RRB2, York, September 2006
Bioconversion of Cereals to Succinic Acid
Wheat
Bioreaction Downstream processing Succinic
acid
Derivatives
Upstream processing
Starch 620000 - 750000 Na 30 B1 5.4N 2006 Cu 4.5 B2 1.1P 3400 Cd 0.1 B3 110S 912 - 1995 Cr 0.4 B6 3.3
Mg 1589 Pb 1 E 54Fe 37 Ni 0.3K 4180 Mn 35Ca 390 Sn 7.9
Zn 5
Macronutrients Micronutrients Vitamins
(µg g-1, db) (µg g-1, db) (µg g-1, db)
contains all nutrients generally required for bioprocessing
RRB2, York, September 2006
Bioconversion of Cereals to Succinic Acid
Wheat
Bioreaction Downstream processing Succinic
acid
Derivatives
Upstream processing
Starch 620000 - 750000 Na 30 B1 5.4N 2006 Cu 4.5 B2 1.1P 3400 Cd 0.1 B3 110S 912 - 1995 Cr 0.4 B6 3.3
Mg 1589 Pb 1 E 54Fe 37 Ni 0.3K 4180 Mn 35Ca 390 Sn 7.9
Zn 5
Macronutrients Micronutrients Vitamins
(µg g-1, db) (µg g-1, db) (µg g-1, db)
contains all nutrients generally required for bioprocessing
…but not in a directly accessible form:
The carbon source is mostly in the form of starch
most fermentations require simpler sugars
Likewise most of the Nitrogen is in the form of proteins
most fermentations require free amino acids
Some pre-processing is therefore required
RRB2, York, September 2006
Upstream ProcessingUpstream processing
Bioreaction Downstream processingWheat
Succinicacid
B26
7
8
9
10
Glucoserich
Nitrogenrich
Filtrate
Solid
FlourHydrolysate
Fungal Autolysate
Fungal fermentation
Autolysis
WheatHydrolysis
Flour
Aspergillus Aspergillus awamoriawamori
Generic feedstock
RRB2, York, September 2006
Upstream processing
Yeast Extract: 5 g/LFAN: 0.925 g/L
(Equiv. to 18.5 g/L Yeast Extract)
Autolysate N source
C source Glucose: 50 g/LGlucose: 335 g/LHydrolysate
Succinic acid fermentation requires
Generic feedstockprovides
RRB2, York, September 2006
BioreactionUpstream processing
Bioreaction Downstream processingWheat
Succinicacid
B26
7
8
9
10
Gen
eric
feed
stoc
k
B26
7
8
9
10
FlourHydrolysate
Cell Autolysate
CO2
A. succinogenes slope inoculum
Broth
NaOH
RRB2, York, September 2006
Bioreaction
Small anaerobic bioreactors with gas distributor 1 L bench-top bioreactor
COCO22 feed in feed in pH control pH control Temperature controlTemperature controlShaking Shaking SterilisationSterilisation
RRB2, York, September 2006
Batch fermentation
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fermentation time (hours)
Con
cent
ratio
n (g
/L)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
OD 66
0
GlucoseSuccinicOD660
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 10 20 30
Fermentation Time (hours)
Con
cent
ratio
n (g
/L)
Pyruvic acidSuccinic acidFormic acidAcetic acid
RRB2, York, September 2006
Summary of Batch Bioreactions
ConsumedInitial
55*71* 106303047*
30
505844*
(g/L)
Glucose
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/N(g/L)
YYYYYY
N
NNN
pHcontrol
0.31 0.56 0.41 0.54
-1.01
0.03
0.12 0.00 0.01
Product-ivity
0.73 0.82 0.53 0.65
-0.65
0.06
0.41 0.00 0.01
Yield
17.14.35N231035.67.28N43.4930.65.41Y58819.65.45Y307
00.52N-627.26.09Y425
1.091.79N184
6.152.65N15301.39N302
0.285.5N441
SAOD660VitaminsNo.
RRB2, York, September 2006
Succinic acid production
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
10
20
30
40S
ucci
nic
acid
(g/L
)
Batch number
No pH control
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Glucose
Yeast Extract
B12BiotinFolic acidRiboflavinNiacinPantothenate (B5)p-aminobenzoateThiaminePyridoxine (B6)
HydrolysateVitamins
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
MineralsNaClNaH2P4∙H2ONa2HP4CaCl2∙2H2OMgCl2∙6H2O
RRB2, York, September 2006
Testing the flour hydrolysate
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
10
20
30
40S
ucci
nic
acid
(g/L
)
Batch number
No pH control
Flou
r hy
drolys
ate
Commer
cial g
luco
se
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Glucose
Yeast Extract
B12BiotinFolic acidRiboflavinNiacinPantothenate (B5)p-aminobenzoateThiaminePyridoxine (B6)
HydrolysateVitamins
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
MineralsNaClNaH2P4∙H2ONa2HP4CaCl2∙2H2OMgCl2∙6H2O
RRB2, York, September 2006
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
10
20
30
40S
ucci
nic
acid
(g/L
)
Batch number
Testing the flour hydrolysateMedium 1 without vitamins
Medium 1 with vitamins
Hydrolysate without vitamins
No pH control
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
GlucoseHydrolysate US Patent5,573,931
Yeast Extract
HydrolysateB12BiotinFolic acidRiboflavinNiacinPantothenate (B5)p-aminobenzoateThiaminePyridoxine (B6)
Vitamins
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
MineralsCan fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
NaClNaH2P4∙H2ONa2HP4CaCl2∙2H2OMgCl2∙6H2O
RRB2, York, September 2006
The generic feedstock as sole nutrient
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
10
20
30
40S
ucci
nic
acid
(g/L
)
Batch number
Only hydrolysate + autolysate
No pH control
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
GlucoseHydrolysate US Patent5,573,931
Yeast Extract
NaClNaH2P4∙H2ONa2HP4CaCl2∙2H2OMgCl2∙6H2O
Minerals
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
Can fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
Hydrolysate AutolysateAutolysate
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Hydrolysate
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
Can fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
Autolysate
Hydrolysate
Autolysate
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Hydrolysate
AutolysateN
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
N
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
Hydrolysate
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Autolysate
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
Can fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Hydrolysate
AutolysateN
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
N
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
Hydrolysate
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Autolysate
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
Can fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
Can fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
0 20 40 60
0
5
10
15
20
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Succinic acidS
ucci
nic
acid
(g/L
)
Time (h)
OD
OD
660
Hydrolysate
Autolysate
AutolysateN
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
N
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
Hydrolysate
RRB2, York, September 2006
Can a cereal based medium replace Medium 1?
US Patent5,573,931
Can flour hydrolysatereplace glucose?
Can flour hydrolysatereplace vitamins?
Can fungal autolysatereplace Yeast Extract
and minerals?
0 20 40 60
0
5
10
15
20
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Succinic acidS
ucci
nic
acid
(g/L
)
Time (h)
OD
OD
660
Hydrolysate
Autolysate
AutolysateN
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
N
Y/N
YE
0.730.31 17.14.35YNN20055*10
(g/L/h)(g/L)Y/NY/NY/N(mg/L)(g/L)
YieldProductivitySAOD660pH controlMineralsVitaminsFANGlucoseBatch
Hydrolysate
RRB2, York, September 2006
Downstream ProcessingUpstream processing
Bioreaction Downstream processing
SuccinicacidWheat
Crystallisation
Extraction by ionic liquids
Adsorption
Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM)
Reactive extraction, vacuum distillation and crystallisation
B26
7
8
9
10
RRB2, York, September 2006
Downstream ProcessingUpstream processing
Bioreaction Downstream processing
SuccinicacidWheat
Crystallisation
Extraction by ionic liquids
Adsorption
Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM)
Reactive extraction, vacuum distillation and crystallisation
B26
7
8
9
10
RRB2, York, September 2006
Conclusions
Key factors influencing bioproduction of succinic acid:Micro-organism, pre-culture, pH control, Vitamins
Achieved a succinic acid production of 35.6 g/L, with a yield of 0.82 g SA/g glucose.
It is possible to produce SA using only flourhydrolysate and fungal autolysate from wheat grain processing.
Platform chemicals can be produced from renewable resources
RRB2, York, September 2006
Acknowledgements
Miss Carol Lin
Dr Chenyu Du
Dr Apostolis Koutinas
Dr Ruohang Wang