platyhelminthes contents position in animal kingdom taxonomy some unique characteristics systems 1...
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PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
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Contents
• Position in animal kingdom• Taxonomy• Some unique characteristics• Systems 1 (Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscle and
Digestive)• Systems 2 (Excretory, Respiratory, Circulatory, and
Nervous).• Systems 3 (endocrine and Reproductive)• Class Turbellaria• Class Trematoda• Class Cestoda
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Platyhelminthes• Eumetazoa - animals with tissue
Bilateria - have bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic.
• Protostomia - a group of animals whose mouth develops from the blastopore, and the mesoderm forms from an area near the blastopore.
• Acoelomata - They have a true mesoderm which fills the original blastocoel between the outer epidermis and digestive tract.
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Taxonomy• Class Turbellaria (tur-bell-er-e-a)
Dugesia
• Class Monogenea (mon-o-gin-e-a) No representatives
• Class Trematoda (trim-a-toe-da) Clonorchis, Fasciola, Schistosoma
• Class Cestoda (ces-toe-da) Taenia, Dipylidium Echinococcus
Contents
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Some Unique Characteristics
• Proglotids and scolex in Cestoda
• Rabdites in Turbellaria
• Combination of characteristics- flame cells and being acoelomates for example.
• Larva of each class are unique
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Systems 1
• IntegumentaryIntegumentary- Rhabdites and one cell layer epidermis in Turbellaria and usually ciliated; syncytial tegument in other classes.
• SkeletalSkeletal - hydrostatic
• MuscleMuscle - longitudinal, transverse, and circular muscles are present.
• DigestiveDigestive - incomplete with intracellular and extracellular digestion; no system in Cestoda.
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Systems 2
• Excretory Excretory - flame cells, or excretory tubes in Cestoda.
• RespiratoryRespiratory - no system, diffusion
• CirculatoryCirculatory - none, diffusion.
• NervousNervous - anterior ganglia, ventral ladder-like system (two lateral cords with transverse cords).
Contents
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Systems 3
• Endocrine Endocrine - hormones produced by nervous system
• ReproductiveReproductive - monoecious in most Well developed reproductive organs, mostly
internal fertilization. Two of the parasitic classes have complex life
cycles• Trematoda - miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria,
metacercaria (usually snail is secondary host.• Cestoda - oncosphere, cystercercius (bladderworm)
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Class Turbellaria• Planaria -Free-living flatworms with soft flattened
bodies covered with ciliated epidermis which has special secreting cells called rabdites.
Dugesia
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Class Trematoda• Flukes -oral and ventral suckers, no hooks,
parasites, body with a syncytial tegument without cilia. Larva stages unique.
• Clonorchis
• Fasciola
• Schistosoma
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Clonorchis• Human liver fluke - has two intermediate or
secondary host snail and fish.
Contents
Cerceria
Human liver fluke
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Fasciola• Sheep liver fluke - metacercaria on grass.
Life cycle
Contents
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Fasciola life cycleContents
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Schistosoma• Blood Flukes
Cerceria usually infect by burrowing through skin.
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Class Cestoda• Tapeworms• Have distinct head structure
(Scolex) and reproductive units called proglottids. Do not have a digestive system.
• Larva are oncospheres and cysticerci (bladder worms) Taenia Dipylidium Echinococcus
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Taenia
Proglotid
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Dipylidium (dog tape)
• Juveniles in flea and louse
• Note the two gential pores and reproductive systems in each proglottid.
Proglottid
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Echinococcus• Hydatid cyst (cysticercus)- may scolices and enlarges
to as large as a basketball. Often called sand.• Only three proglottids
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