plot – key notes

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PLOT – Key Notes Plot IS – the sequence of incidents or events through which an author constructs a story • IS NOT the action itself, but the way the author arranges the action toward a specific end Commercial author is MORE likely to use a tried-and-true, fairly conventional structure in arranging plot elements

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PLOT – Key Notes. Plot is – the sequence of incidents or events through which an author constructs a story Is not the action itself, but the way the author arranges the action toward a specific end - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – Key Notes

• Plot IS – the sequence of incidents or events through which an author constructs a story

• IS NOT the action itself, but the way the author arranges the action toward a specific end

• Commercial author is MORE likely to use a tried-and-true, fairly conventional structure in arranging plot elements

Page 2: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• For literary writers, a complex PLOT structure is often required to convey complex meanings

• The significance of the action is more important than the action itself

• Use of Conflict – is a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills

• Are 4 types of conflict: person vs. person; person vs. environment; person vs. himself; person vs. society – may be mental, physical, emotional or moral

Page 3: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• Literary fiction utilizes ALL FOUR kinds of Conflict

• Commercial fiction emphasizes ONLY man vs. man conflicts

• PROTAGONIST - Central character in CONFLICT

• ANTAGONIST - Any force(s) arranged against the protagonist

Page 4: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• Plot involves use of SUSPENSE – what happens next in story?

• In Literary fiction, SUSPENSE often involves not as much the question of What but Why things happen

• Two common devices used to create SUSPENSE – Mystery and Dilemma

Page 5: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• Mystery – an unusual set of circumstances for which the reader craves explanation

• Dilemma – a position in which he or she must choose between two courses of action, both UNDESIRABLE

Page 6: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• Suspense – usually most important criterion for good Commercial fiction

• In Literary fiction, Suspense is less important than OTHER ELEMENTS the author uses to engage readers

• Suspense is closely connected to element of SURPRISE

Page 7: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• Surprise ending – sudden, unexpected turn or twist

• Commercial fiction tends to use surprise endings more frequently

• Two ways to judge the LEGITIMACY and VALUE of a surprise ending:– By the fairness with which it is

achieved– By the purpose that it serves

Page 8: PLOT – Key Notes

PLOT – cont’d.

• Surprise endings are justified WHEN:– It serves to BROADEN or REINFORCE

the meaning of the story– Other types of endings: happy;

unhappy; indeterminate (ambiguous)

Page 9: PLOT – Key Notes

Artistic Unity

• Essential to a good plot• There must be nothing in the story

that is irrelevant; i.e., that does not contribute to the meaning

• There should be nothing there for its own sake (or just to add excitement)

Page 10: PLOT – Key Notes

Plot Manipulation

• Defined: When an author includes a turn in the plot that is unjustified by the situation or characters

• Ex. An unmotivated action• Ex. If the plot relies too heavily on

chance or coincidence to give a resolution to the story

• ‘Deus ex machina’ – god from machine

Page 11: PLOT – Key Notes

Chance and Coincidence

• Chance – the occurrence of an event that has no apparent cause in previous events or in predisposition of character

• Coincidence – the chance occurrence oftwo events that may have a peculiar correspondence or relation

Page 12: PLOT – Key Notes

Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the causal arrangement of events and actions within a story.

Understanding Plot Structure

Page 13: PLOT – Key Notes

Types of Linear PlotsPlots can be told in

Chronological order

Flashback

In media res (in the middle of things) when the story starts in the middle of the action without exposition

Page 14: PLOT – Key Notes

Pyramid Plot Structure The most basic and

traditional form of plot is pyramid-shaped.

This structure has been described in more detail by Aristotle and by Gustav Freytag.

Page 15: PLOT – Key Notes

Aristotle’s Unified Plot

The basic triangle-shaped plot structure was described by Aristotle in 350 BCE. Aristotle used the beginning, middle, and end structure to describe a story that moved along a linear path, following a chain of cause and effect as it works toward the solution of a conflict or crisis.

Page 16: PLOT – Key Notes

Freytag’s Plot Structure

Freytag modified Aristotle’s system by adding a rising action (or complication) and a falling action to the structure. Freytag used the five-part design shown above to describe a story’s plot.

Page 17: PLOT – Key Notes

Modified Plot Structure

Freytag’s Pyramid is often modified so that it extends slightly before and after the primary rising and falling action. You might think of this part of the chart as similar to the warm-up and cool-down for the story.

Page 18: PLOT – Key Notes

Plot Components

Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts

Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax

Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action

Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax

Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads

Page 19: PLOT – Key Notes

Conflict Conflict is the dramatic struggle

between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot.

Page 20: PLOT – Key Notes

Types of Conflict

Human vs Nature

Human vs Society

Human vs SelfInternal Conflict

Human vs HumanInterpersonal Conflict

Page 21: PLOT – Key Notes

Final Thoughts

• Plot Analysis – the BEST approach is to consider the function of Plot in trying to understand the relationship of each incident to the larger meaning of the story

• In Literary fiction, Plot is important for what it reveals.