plugin-workshop fritsch 2011 part1

8/4/2019 Plugin-workshop FRITSCH 2011 Part1

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FRITSCH GMBH Milling and Sizing Idar-Oberstein Germany 2011

Sample Preparation in the Laboratory

FRITSCH GMBH

Milling & Sizing

Dagmar Klein

Sales Manager

Industriestr. 8

55743 Idar-Oberstein


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Agenda

Presentation of the companySampling & sample division

Premium line a new reference class

Sample preparation

Task

Physics of comminutionComminution instruments


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Laboratory mills from the World Market Leader


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Your Partner with more than 80 years ofexperience


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SAMPLE PREPARATION AND PARTICLE SIZING Products and brand name

Instruments from FRITSCH are known around the world under thebrand names

PULVERISETTE

ANALYSETTE

LABORETTE

Instruments for comminution

Instruments for particle sizingInstruments for dividing and feeding


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Sample Preparation

exact, reliable and reproducible samples

better, accurate performance from analytical instruments

no poorly prepared samples

great risk of errors

proper selection of grinding technique and instrument


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Errors in sample preparation

Contamination

Material loss (recovery) and demixingChanges to the compositions (decay) & and the matrixthrough thermal and physical forces

Active ingredient analysis in the pharmaceutical industry

Quality parameters of polymers (colour, moisture, clusterdestruction)

SiC preparation (decay)

Samples surface

e.g. X-ray analysis (mineralogical effect - particle size effect)

Rheology of polymer powders such as pourability


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Sampling and sample division

The full initial quantity of a substance to be analysed, for instance todetermine its chemical composition, is generally significantly larger than the

quantity that can be analysed. This makes sampling, sample division andpreparation of the sample necessary.

The result of an analytical process can only supply meaningful information ifthe analysed sample is representative of the material investigated.

Initial quantity desired Q(x)

Sampling (laboratory sample) ?

Sample division analysis Q*(x)

Systematic, random and statistical errors can lead to deviations between

Q(x) and Q*(x).


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Theoretical aspects of sample preparation

The core problem of samplingand sample preparation is the

inhomogeneity of the samplesExtremely pronounced in solidmaterials, but flowing gases andliquids are also inhomogeneous.

Additional inhomogeneity ispossible over time (e.g. demixingduring sample preparation)

The max. achievable

homogeneity during samplepreparation is uniform, randommixing - true mixed state !!!!!!


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Main Criteria for the selection of a LaboratoryGrinder

Type of material

Physical and chemical properties

Initial sample characteristics

Feed size (pre-crushing required?)

Quantity, Number of samples

Milling time, Cleaning

Representative sample Universal applicability

Final sample characteristics

Contamination, Abrasion

Final particle size, Particle size range


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Criteria for selection of a laboratory mill

Additional usage options

Wet grinding possible?

Cryogenic grinding required?

E.g. plastics

Grinding under inert gas required?

CleaningSample carry-over

Duration


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Criteria for selection of a laboratory mill

Costs

Instrument costsAccessories

Personnel costs

Operating costs


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Material properties / Mohs hardness

Hard

Medium-hard

Soft

Mohs

hard-

ness

Material

1 Talcum, graphite, kaolin

1.5 Soda, clay, diatom earth

2 Gypsum, bitumen, kaolin, sulphur, rock salt, bicarbonate

2.5 Silver

3 Calcite, anthracite

3.5 Dolomite, copper ore4 Fluorite, zinc blende

4.5 Siderite, magnesite

5 Apatite

5.5

6 Feldspar, iron

6.5 Pyrite, iron ore

7 Quartz

8 Topaz

9 Corundum

9.5 Silicon carbide

10 Diamond


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Material Properties

brittle (rocks) low fracture work

low comminution energy elastic (steel) high fracture work

high comminution energy

plastic (rubber) high fracture worklow comminution energy

visco-elastic high fracture work

(thermoplastics) low comminution energy


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Material properties Facture toughness at room temperature

Ceramics Metals Polymers Composite materials

GFRP

Wood

Reinforcedconcrete

Polyethylene

PMMA

Polyester

Epoxy

Steels

Al alloys

Pb, Ag, Cu

Al2O3

SiC

Window glass

Concrete


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Material Classification

Hard/Tough: most ferro alloys (ferro manganese, ferro vanadium, etc.), hardmetaltungsten carbide, slags, castings

Hard/Brittle: most minerals (quartz, basalt, granite, etc.), ceramics, refractories, cement,glass, coke

Medium Hard/Tough: bones, wood, leather, sewage sludge, PC-boards

Medium Hard/Brittle: coal, drages/tablets, feed pellets, bakelite, gypsum, soils,demolition waste (rubble)

Soft/Brittle: inorganic salts, epoxy resins, pharmaceutical powders, detergents,pigments, foodstuff

Soft/Elastic: plastics, rubber, textiles, dry plants, cereals, cellulose, waste


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Fineness Definition

T e r m U p p e r p a r t ic le s iz e

C ru s h in g > 5 m m

G r in d in g < 5 m m

F in e g r in d in g < 1 0 0 m

M ic ro - f in e g r in d in g < 1 0 m

U lt r a - f in e g r in d in g < 1 m


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Comminution principles according to Rumpf

F = Force, v = Speed

Pressure Friction Impact

Collision, pounding

Cutting Shearing


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Sample preparation application example- Hard, brittle materials - (concrete)

The standard for pre-crushing

Jaw Crusher

Larger sample quantities should be used for an averaged sample, and the first

stage can only be accomplished with a hammer or Jaw Crusher


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Action between two Crushing Tools

Pressure Action (i.e. Jaw Crusher)

Mining and metallurgy: Niobium-titanium,ferrovanadium, chrome vanadium, tungstencarbide, ores, coal, slag, cokeChemicals: wide variety of various raw

materials in the chemical industryGeology and mineralogy: Rocks, granite,basalt, barite, silicatesGlass industry: Frits, glass, raw materialsCeramics: Steatite, fire-clay, sinteredceramics, electroporcelainConstruction materials: Bauxite, clinker,quartz, concrete


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Jaw Crusher PULVERISETTE 1

Operating principle Pressure

Max. feed size 95 mm

Max. capacity 200 kg/h

Final fineness 1-15 mm

Hard (abrasive) ++

Medium-hard ++

Soft +

Brittle ++

Tough -

Fibrous -

Temperature-sensitive +

Moist -

Mining, iron and steel industry, geology, mineralogy, glass +

ceramics, construction materials, raw materials, chem. industry


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FRITSCH - features

Closed grinding chamber

Cast-iron housing Gap setting

Smooth crushing plates

Easy cleaningLonger use

Conversion kit

11 / 22kW - motors TV-Safety

Large mouth opening


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Action between two Crushing Tools

Combined Pressure and Shearing Action (i.e. Disk Mill)

Mining and steel industries: Ores, coal,coke, slagsCeramics: Steatite, sintered ceramics,

electrotechnical porcelain, fire-proof clayRocks and soils: Bauxite, slags, quartz,clinker, gypsum, chalkGlass: Frits, glass types, raw materialsSoil research: Dried soil samples, sewagesludge, hydrological sediments, drillingcores, briquettes, coke, limestone, Thomas

meal (potash), pumice stone


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Laboratory Disk Mill PULVERISETTE 13

Operating principle Shearing,

pressureMax. feed size 20 mm

Max. capacity 150 kg

Final fineness 0.1-12 mm

Hard (abrasive) +

Medium-hard ++

Soft +Brittle ++

Tough -

Fibrous +

Temperature-sensitive -

Moist -

Mining, iron and steel industry, ceramics + glass, construction

materials, soil research


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FRITSCH - features

Design and construction

TV - Safety Dust tight, connection to dust exhaust

Compact, small instrument

Maintenance-free motor

Reproducible gap setting (steps of 0.1 mm)

Easy access for cleaning

Grinding disks WC+Co, ZrO2

Combination possibility with p-1

plugin-workshop fritsch 2011 part1

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