plumbing fixtures introduction classification water demand traps cross- contamination number of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS- CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103123/56649d205503460f949f4aaf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
![Page 2: PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS- CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103123/56649d205503460f949f4aaf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
MATERIALS:
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA.
STAINLESS STEEL
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA TOILET
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
STAINLESS STEEL TOILET
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FLUSH TYPE
FLUSH TANK:
SUPPLIED WITH A 3/8” OR ½” LINE.
TANK REFILLS SLOWLY.
REPEAT FLUSHING IS DELAYED UNTIL THE TANK REFILLS.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FLUSH TYPE
FLUSH VALVE:
SUPPLIED WITH A ONE INCH LINE TO HANDLE A SHORT BURST OF HIGH VELOCITY WATER.
NO DELAY IN RE-FLUSHING.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CLEANSING ACTION
SIPHON-JET:
WATER ENTERS THROUGH THE RIM FOR CLEANSING & JETS UP IN THE LEG OF THE TRAPWAY TO CREATE A SIPHON.
QUIET OPERATION.
USES LESS THAN FOUR GALLONS PER FLUSH.
MOST COMMONLY USED SYSTEM: WIDELY USED IN PRIVATE & RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS.
WHEN USED WITH A FLUSH VALVE, IT IS CALLED A FLUSHOMETER.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CLEANSING ACTION
BLOWOUT DESIGN:
USES A DIRECT JET STREAM FOR BOWL EVACUATION.
FLUSHING ACTION IS RAPID & FORCEFUL.
HIGHLY EFFICIENT DUE TO A HIGH VELOCITY WATER DESIGN.
SELF-CLEANSING & LOW MAINTENANCE.
LOW WATER USAGE. (MAX.. 3.5 GALLONS PER FLUSH).
VERY NOISY.
NOT USED WITH TANK FLUSHING.
USED IN HEAVY DUTY INSTALLATIONS SUCH AS STADIUMS & INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FLOOR MOUNTED TOILET
MOUNTING TYPE:
FLOOR MOUNTED
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
MOUNTING TYPE
WALL-HUNG:
MOST COSTLY TO INSTALL.
MUST BE MOUNTED ON CONCEALED CARRIERS.
EASIER TO MAINTAIN.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET
PRESSURIZED AIR WITH WATER:AIR-ASSISTED TOILET THAT USES ONLY TWO QUARTS OF WATER PER FLUSH.
AIR COMPRESSOR SUPPLIES THE COMPRESSED AIR THAT ASSISTS THE WATER FLUSH.
USES MODEST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET
INCINERATION:COMES IN EITHER A TOILET OR URINAL MODEL.
NO PLUMBING CONNECTIONS.
REQUIRES ONLY THE SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE STANDARD-SIZE UNIT ABOVE THE FLOOR LINE.
WASTE REDUCED TO A SMALL VOLUME OF ASH.
REQUIRES ELECTRICAL POWER ONLY.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET
COMPOSTING:CHAMBER BELOW THE FLOOR HOLDS THE WASTE IN IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR DECOMPOSITION BY AEROBIC DIGESTION.
ROOM AIR IS CONTINUOUSLY DRAWN INTO THE COMPOSTING CHAMBER & VENTED OUT THROUGH THE ROOF.
ELIMINATES WATER CONSUMPTION BUT INCREASES ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
URINALS:
VITREOUS CHINA OR ENAMELED IRON.
COMES IN SIPHON-JET & BLOWOUT TYPES.
EITHER WALL OR FLOOR MOUNTED.
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA URINAL
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BIDETS:
LOW BASIN USED TO BATH ONE’S PRIVATE PARTS.
CONSTRUCTED OF VITREOUS CHINA .
HOT & COLD WATER ENTER AROUND THE FLUSHING RIM, WITH A SPRAY RINSE AS AN OPTIONAL FEATURE.
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA BIDET
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BATHTUBS:
MATERIALS:
ENAMELED CAST IRON.
PORCELAIN ENAMEL ON PRESSED STEEL.
FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC.
STANDARD SIZES:
5’-0” & 6’-0”
FREESTANDING BATHTUB
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CUSTOM TRAVERTINE BATHTUB
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
LE CORBUSIER, BATHROOM, VILLA SAVOY, POISSY, FR, 1929-31
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
SHOWERS: SHOWERS CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH A BATHTUB OR BE INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED INTO SHOWER STALLS.
THERMOSTATIC VALVES MIX THE WATER FOR THE DESIRED OUTLET TEMPERATURE.
BETTER-DESIGNED CONTROL VALVES HAVE A PRESSURE BALANCE FEATURE SO THAT WATER TEMPERATURE WILL NOT FLUCTUATE.
INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED SHOWER STALL
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CUSTOM SHOWER STALL
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
LAVATORIES:
LAVATORIES CAN BE MADE USING A VARIETY OF MATERIALS.
LAVATORIES IN PUBLIC FACILITIES SHOULD HAVE SELF-CLOSING FAUCETS TO MINIMIZE WATER WASTE.
PEDESTAL LAVATORY
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BANK OF LAVATORIES
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
KITCHEN SINKS:
MATERIALS: STAINLESS STEEL, ENAMELED CAST IRON, PRE-CAST TERRAZZO OR REINFORCED GLASS FIBER.
STAINLESS STEEL SINKS ARE PREFERRED BECAUSE THEY ARE DURABLE & EASY TO CLEAN.
AVAILABLE IN SINGLE-, DOUBLE- AND TRIPLE COMPARTMENTS.
STAINLESS STEEL KITCHEN SINK
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
SERVICE SINKS:
SERVICE SINKS, SOMETIMES CALLED SLOP SINKS, ARE LOCATED IN JANITOR’S ROOMS FOR FILLING BUCKETS, CLEANING MOPS AND FOR GENERAL PURPOSE CLEANING.
SLOP SINK
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FIXTURE UNIT: PROBABLE DEMAND IS DEFINED IN FIXTURE UNITS.
A FIXTURE UNIT IS A UNIT FLOW RATE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO 1 CUBIC FOOT PER MINUTE.
FIXTURE UNITS
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FIXTURE UNITS
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
DEMAND LOAD
BECAUSE IT IS UNLIKELY THAT ALL THE FIXTURES IN A BUILDING WOULD BE IN USE AT THE SAME TIME, CHARTS ARE AVAILABLE THAT RELATE FIXTURE UNITS TO FLOW IN
GALLONS PER MINUTE.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FRICTION LOSS:
PIPING
METERS
FICTION LOSS
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPSFUNCTION
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPES
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
TRAPS:
FUNCTION:PREVENTS SEWER GASES FROM ENTERING THE SPACE.
SELF-CLEANING.
REQUIRED ON ALL FIXTURES.
ACCESSIBILITY:ACCESSIBLE FOR CLEANOUT.
WITHIN TWO FEET OF THE FIXTURE.
TRAPS
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPSFUNCTION
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPES
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
TRAP TYPES
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BACK-SIPHONING OF SEWAGE INTO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
WHEN FLOW STOPS THE DISC AUTOMATICALLY SEALS ITSELF TO PREVENT BACK FLOW.
VACUUM BREAKERS
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BACKFLOW PREVENTER: CHECK VALVES.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
AIR GAP
SOLUTIONS TO CROSS- CONTAMINATION:
AIR GAP BETWEEN SUPPLY OUTLET & THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE LEVEL OF WATER (2’ GAP).
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE