plumbing systems 2-design of domestic water supply and distribution system
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PLUMBING SYSTEMS-2 (Design of DomesticWater Supply and Distribution System)
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Only potable water shall be supplied to fixtures and equipment at which water is provided forpurposes, such as drinking, cooking, food preparation, washing of dishes and kitchen utensils.
Design of Domestic Water Supply and Distribution System
General Requirements Of Water Supply System:
The system shall be designed from the based on the per capita supply, the below tables explainsabout the water consumption per person per day at different applications.
The tables are taken from National Building Code-2005
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In dwellings the resident's water consumption is divided between the many appliances. A typicalpercentage break down provided by the Environment Agency is:1. WC suite 32%2. washing machine 12%
3. Kitchen sinks 15%4. Bath 15%5. Basin 9%6. Shower 5%7. Outside supply 3%8. Miscellaneous 9%
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Water Supply for Fire Fighting Purposes The Authority shall make provision to meet the water supply requirements for fire fighting in thecity /area, depending on the population density and types of occupancy.
Source of Water Corporation or Municipal water Tube or Bore well water Tanker water Recycled or Gray water
Water Demand And Estimate Load
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Design of water supply pipes are based upona) The number and kind of fixtures installedb) The fixture unit flow rate andc) The probable simultaneous use of these fixtures.
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TOILET
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9.0BRANCH.8-
SIZING 10.0BRANCH.9-
SIZING
Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total Load ItemNo of
FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total LoadEWC's 3 1 3 EWC's 0 1 0Health
Faucet 3 1 3
Health
Faucet 0 1 0Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 3 2 6 Wash Basin 3 2 6
Toatl FixtureLoad 12
Toatl FixtureLoad 6
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 25 mm dia
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 20 mm dia
7.0BRANCH.6-
SIZING 8.0BRANCH.7-
SIZING
Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total Load Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total LoadEWC's 5 1 5 EWC's 2 1 2HealthFaucet 5 1 5
HealthFaucet 2 1 2
Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 0 2 0Wash Basin 0 2 0 Wash Basin 0 2 0
Toatl FixtureLoad 10
Toatl FixtureLoad 4
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 25 mm dia
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 20 mm dia
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5.0BRANCH.4-
SIZING 6.0BRANCH.5-
SIZING
Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total Load Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total LoadEWC's 0 1 0 EWC's 8 1 8
Health Faucet 0 1 0 Health Faucet 8 1 8Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 3 2 6 Wash Basin 3 2 6
Toatl FixtureLoad 6
Toatl FixtureLoad 22
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 20 mm dia
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 32 mm dia
3.0BRANCH.2-
SIZING 4.0BRANCH.3-
SIZING
Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total Load ItemNo of
FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total LoadEWC's 2 1 2 EWC's 0 1 0HealthFaucet 2 1 2
HealthFaucet 0 1 0
Urinal 0 2 0 Urinal 5 2 10Wash Basin 0 2 0 Wash Basin 4 2 8
Toatl FixtureLoad 4
ToatlFixture
Load 18The pipe
suitable forthe above
fixture load 20 mm dia
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 25 mm dia
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1.0HEADER SIZING 2.0
BRANCH.1-SIZING
Item No of FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total Load ItemNo of
FixtuesFixture Load
per Unit Total Load
EWC's 13 1 13 EWC's 5 1 5
HealthFaucet 13 1 13 HealthFaucet 5 1 5
Urinal 5 2 10 Urinal 0 2 0
Wash Basin 7 2 14 Wash Basin 0 2 0
Toatl FixtureLoad 50
ToatlFixture
Load 10
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 40 mm dia
The pipesuitable forthe above
fixture load 25 mm dia
NOTE : Please refer the above sheet for selection of diameter based on the fixture Load
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Type of distribution System:
1. Direct Supply2. Direct Pumping.
3. Gravity System4. Hydro Pneumatic System
Direct Supply: Water supply to the required point is through the municipal direct supply, This systemis applicable when there is continuous supply from the source. This system is adopted whenadequate pressure is available round the clock at the topmost floor. With limited pressure availablein most city mains, water from direct supply is normally not available above two or three floors.
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Direct Pumping : Water is pumped directly into the distribution system without the aid of any overhead tank,except for flushing purposes. The pumps are controlled by a pressure switch installed on the line. Normally a
jockey pump of smaller capacity installed which meets the demand of water during low consumption and themain pump starts when the demand is greater. The start and stop operations are accomplished by a set if pressure switches are installed directly on the line. In some installation, a timer switch is installed to restrict
the operating cycle of the pump.
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PLUMBING
Gravity System: This is the most common of the distribution systems adopted by various type of buildings.
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Hydro pneumatic System : Hydro-pneumatic system generally eliminates the need for an over head tank and maysupply water at a much higher pressure than available from overhead tanks particularly on the upper floors, resulting ineven distribution of water at all floors
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STPUG SUMP
HYDROPNEUMATIC SYSTEM
25 rd Floor
32 nd Floor
Mansion Floor (SeparatePressure Pump)
Water Supply - Ring Mainat 4 th Floor Ceiling
GF Floor 1 st Floor BASEMENT
FLOOR
MLCP Floors
15 th Floor
Service Floor
LOW Level Riser
MIDDLE Level Riser
HIGH Level Riser
Flushing Water Over Head Tank
Domestic Water Over Head Tank
Domestic Water Down Take
Flushing Water Down Take
Domestic Water Rising Main
Flushing Water Rising Main
Domestic Water UG Sump
Sewage Treatment Plant
Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVTypical A to detail)
Flush water supplyHydro-pneumaticPumps
Domestic water supply Hydro-
pneumatic Pumps
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MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYDRO PNEUMATIC & GRAVITY SYSTEMS
SNO HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM GRAVITY SYSTEM
1 This system will ensure the water supply withconstant pressure Across the taps and waterpoints.
Where as the atmospheric pressure in the OH tanks,will ensure the water flow with pressure in bottomfloors, thus not meeting the requirements of topfloors, due to the gravity.
2 Reduced load on the bldg columns due toelimination of OHT
Extra load will be added on the bldg columns due toOHT
3 One or more parallel pumps are connectedwith VFD for constant water supply for wholebldg
Separate pumping arrangement is for filling up theOH tanks.
4 Constantly changing water consumptionpattern make heavy demands on theadoptability of any system, which is not energyefficient in OHT system.
In Gravity system, for lower demands, the mainpump has to switch on for filling up of OHT with fullload, Which is not energyEfficient.
5 Hydro pneumatic system will minimize theoperating and maintenance cost of the pumproom
Labour required for filling up, cleaning, andmaintaining the OHT
6 The system consists of stainless steel body,
which ensure the water quality and preventsrusting of equipment, thus maintaining thehygienic water supply.
It is very difficult to maintain cleanliness and
hygienity of the water as the OHT has to be cleanedvery often, which again dependent on the labour.
7 High end fixtures can be used effectively Low end fixtures to be selected due to minimumpressure available in the view of staging height of OHT
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INTERMEDIATE LEVEL STORAGE CISTERN
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INTERMEDIATE LEVEL STORAGE CISTERN
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ZONED SUPPLY SYSTEM
CONVENTIONAL HOT WATER UPFEED
SYSTEM
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CONVENTIONAL HOT WATER DOWNFEED SYSTEM HOT WATER INVERTEDUPFEED SYSTEM
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HOT WATER INVERTED COMBINATION DOWN FEED & UPFEED
SYSTEM
WATER DEMAND CALCULATIONS
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WATER DEMAND CALCULATIONS
Water Storage Capacity:
When the distribution system is thru gravity, then the following are the tankCapacitiesUG sump Capacity : 1.5 day capacityOHT capacity : 0.5 day CapacityWhen The distribution system is thru HPS, then the following are the tank CapacitiesUG sump Capacity : 2 day capacity and there will not be any OHT tanks.
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
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SI.NO. Floors Details
1 Lower Stilt Floor Car Parking, Electrical Room, Drivers Rest room & Business Rooms etc.,
2 Upper Stilt Floor Car Parking & Electrical Room etc.,
3 First Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
4 Second Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
5 Third Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
6 Fourth Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
7 Fifth Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
8 Sixth Floor Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room
9 Terrace Floor Space for LMR & OHT
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
The proposed Office Building comprising of two level of parking & six levels of office work stations. The following will beexplained briefly
WATER CALCULATION SHEET
Sl.No Description OccupancyArea/Sqm Total Population
Water Requirementper day/Person inLitres
Total Waterrequirement/day in lts
DomWater/day inlts
Flush Water/day inlts
OFFICE BLOCK
10 sqm/person 30 lpd 15 lpd 1.0 Sixth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
2.0 Fifth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
3.0 Fourth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
4.0 Third Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
5.0 Second Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
6.0 First Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
Total 14376 1438 64692 43128 21564
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WATER CALCULATION SHEET
Sl.No Description OccupancyArea/Sqm Total Population
WaterRequirement perday/Person inLitres
Total Waterrequirement/day in lts
DomWater/day inlts
Flush Water/dayin lts
OFFICE BLOCK
10 sqm/person 30 lpd 15 lpd 1.0 Sixth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
2.0 Fifth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
3.0 Fourth Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
4.0 Third Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
5.0 Second Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
6.0 First Floor 2396 240 45 10782 7188 3594
Total 14376 1438 64692 43128 21564
Total Water CapacityPer day in litres Litres 64692 43128 21564
Total Sewage Generated (STP CAPACITY) Litres 56066 (80% domestic Water+100%flush Water)
Toatl Effluent RecycleAvailable Litres 50460
Total Domestic Waterper day in litres Litres 43128
Total Flush Water perday in litres Litres 21564
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Storage Tank Sizes (Gravity System Distribution)
a. Capacity of Raw water sump 32 cum
b. Capacity of Domestic water sump 32 cum
c. Capacity of Treated OHT 22 cum
d. Capacity Of Fire Water Tank 200 cum
e. Capacity of Fire OHT Tank 20 cum
f. Capacity of Flush water Tank (OHT) 11 cum
g. Capacity of Soft water Tank 7 cum
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Water Tank And Pump Room Design :
Types of Design :1. Positive Suction.: Generally Positive suction means the suction of the pump shall be continuously
flooded with water from the water tank or from the source.2. Negative Suction : Generally in Negative suction the pump shall be place above the water tank, so
the priming arrangement shall be done for effective working.
Types of Construction:1. Above Ground.
a. Positive suction And Negative Suctionb. Negative Suction.
2. Below Ground.a. Positive Suctionb. Negative Suction.
3. Partially Below Ground.a. Positive Suctionb. Negative Suction.
BELOW GROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:
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BELOW GROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUCTION :
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POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUCTION :
BELOROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:
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BELOROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:
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External Water Supply:
Building No :1
(Fixture Demand= 50)
Building No :3(Fixture Demand= 65)
Building No :2 (FixtureDemand= 100)
Building No :4(Fixture Demand= 80)
FU=50 With 40mm dia
FU=65 With 40mm dia
FU=(65+50) With50 mm dia
FU=(100) With50 mm dia
FU=(80) With 50mm dia
FU=(295) With 50mm dia
CENTRALISED OHT
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY PIPES
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