Date: 28/11/2012

Plumbing: Water supply and waste

water disposal

Dr. Mohsin Siddique

NU-FAST Lahore Campus

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Plumbing

� The art and science of creating and maintaining sanitary conditions in building used by humans.

� It is also defined as the art and science of installing, repairing and servicing the pipes, fixtures and appurtenances necessary for bringing in water supply and removing liquid and water-borne wastes;

� It includes the fixtures and fixture traps; the soil and waste pipes;

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� It includes the fixtures and fixture traps; the soil and waste pipes; vent pipes; the building drain and building sewer; and the storm drainage pipes; with their devices, appurtenances and connections to all within or adjacent to the building.

Principal Plumbing system

� The plumbing system of a building includes the water supply distributing pipes; the fixture and fixture traps; the soil, waste and vent pipes; the building drain and building sewer; the storm water drainage, with their devices, appurtenances and connections within the building and outside the building within the property line.

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Principal Plumbing system

� Water supply system

� A system in plumbing which provides and distributes water to the different parts of the building or structure, for purposes such as drinking, cleaning, washing, culinary use, etc.; it includes the water distributing pipes, control devices, equipment, and other appurtenances.

� Drainage System

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� Drainage System

� All the piping within a public or private premises which conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid wastes to a point of disposal.

� A drainage system does not include the mains of public sewer systems or a private or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant.

Plumbing System Components

� Water Supply and Distribution System� Cold Water Supply System

� Hot Water Supply System

� Sanitary Piping System� Soil Piping System� Waste Piping System

� Direct Waste Piping System

� Indirect Waste Piping System

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� Indirect Waste Piping System

� Ventilation System� House Drain

� House Sewer

� Drainage Cleanout� Plumbing Traps

� Plumbing Valves� Storm Drainage Systems� Sewage Disposal Systems� Plumbing Fixtures

Water Supply: Types of Fittings

� Types of Pipes

� Hollow pipe

� Galvanized iron (GI Pipes)

� Lead pipes

� PVC pipes

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Water Supply: Types of Fittings

� Joints

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Water Supply: Types of Fittings

� Valves

Gate valve

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Globe valve

Water Supply: Types of Fittings

� Tab and Bib Cock Stop Cock

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Water Supply: Types of Fittings

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Water Supply: Types of Fittings

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Water Supply: Types of Fittings

� Water pumps

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Drainage System: Basic Terms

� Waste water: Water when used for different purposes like domestic, commercial, industrial etc., receives impurities and becomes waste water. Thus waste water is used water and it has physical, chemical and biological impurities in it. waster water is a general term.

� Sewage: The waste water coming from W.C. and containing human excreta is known as sewage

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excreta is known as sewage

� Sullage: The waste water coming from bathrooms and kitchens etc which does not contain fecal matter is known as sullage

� Sewer: A pipe carrying sewage/wastewater in called sewer

� Soil pipe: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.

� Waste pipe: It is a pipe carrying sullage from bathrooms, kitchens, sinks, wash basins etc.

Drainage System: Basic Terms

� Manhole: These are RCC/masonary chambers constructed at suitable intervals along sewer lines

� Traps: Traps are defined as fittings at the end of soil pipes or waste pipe to prevent foul gases coming out of the soil pipe/waste pipe

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Principles of House Drainage

� House drainage should be preferable laid by side of building to facilitate easy repair and better maintenance

� House sewer joints should be leak proof if any shall create an odor problem and leaked wastewater shall infiltrate in the ground and shall reduce bearing capacity of soil below foundation, which is not desirable

� The sewage or sullage should flow under the force of gravity

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� The sewage or sullage should flow under the force of gravity

� The house sewer should always be straight

� The entire system should be ventilated from the start to end

� The house sewer should be connected to the manhole such that the invert level is sufficiently higher to avoid back flow in house sewer

Principles of House Drainage

� Where ever there is change in direction of sewer line in the premises, provide inspection chamber at the junction

� Rain water from roofs or open coutyards should not be allowed to flow through the house sewer

� Siponage action can never be permitted and therefore adequate ventilation systems should be installed.

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Pipes

� In house drainage system pipes may be designated depending upon the function as given below

� Soil pipe: A pipe carrying human excreta

� Waste pipe: A pipe carrying Sullage

� Vent pipe: it is a pipe installed to provide flow of air to or from the

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Vent pipe: it is a pipe installed to provide flow of air to or from the drainage system or to provide circulation of air in the drainage system to protect water seal of traps against siponage and back flow

� Anti-siphonage pipe: It is the pipe which is installed to preserve the water seal in the trap through proper ventilation

� Rain water pipe: A pile carrying only rain water in called rain water pipe

Pipe Sizes

� Soil Pipe: 100mm

� Waste pipe (Horizontal)=30-50mm

� Waste pipe (vertical)=75mm

� Vent pipe=50mm

� Rain water pipe=75mm

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� Anti-siponage pipe=50mm

Traps

� A trap is depressed or bent fitting that when provided in a drainage system, always remains full of water, thus maintaining water seal.

� It prevents the passage of foul air or gas through it, though it allows the sewage or waste water to flow through it

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� The depth of water seal is vertical distance between the crown and dip of trap.

� The depth of water seal represents its strength or effectiveness.

� Greater the depth of water seal more effective is the trap.

� The depth of water seal varies from 25mm to 75mm

Type of traps

� According to shape

� P trap

� Q trap

� S trap

� According to use

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� According to use

� Floor trap

� Gully trap

� Intercepting trap

� Grease trap

P, Q and S Traps

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P, Q and S Traps

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Traps

� Floor Traps: This trap is generally used to admit sullage from the floors of rooms, bathrooms, kitchen etc in the sullage pipe.

� This is provided with cast iron or stainless steel or galvanized gratings at its top opening so that the entry of large matter is prevented thereby chances of blockage are reduced.

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Traps

� Gully Trap: it is provided at a junction of a roof drain and other drain coming from kitchen or bathroom.

� Gully trap may either have a P or Q shaped water sealing arrangement.

� The water seal is normally 50-75mm

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Traps

� Intercepting Traps: it is provided at junction of house sewer and municipal sewer for preventing entry of foul gases of municipal sewer in the house drainage system.

� Intercepting trap is provided in the manhole as shown in figure

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Traps

� Grease trap: These are used in large hotels, restaurants, or industries where large quantity of oil waste is generated.

� If oily or greasy matter is not separated, it will stick to the building drainage system resulting in formation of scum and consequent hindrance in aeration.

� It is either a masonary or cast iron chamber with bent pipe or Tee pipe at outlet

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pipe at outlet

Sanitary Fittings

� Following sanitary fittings are used in house drainage system

� Wash Basin

� Sinks

� Bath Tubs

� Water closets

� Urinals

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Urinals

� Flushing cistern

Sanitary Fittings

Sink

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Wash basin

Sink

Bath Tub

Sanitary Fittings

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Indian style W.C European style W.C

Urinals

Flushing cistern

Thank you

� Questions….

� Sources

� http://www.slideshare.net/GauravTandon1/house-drainage-system-13527773#btnPreviousdrainage-system-13527773#btnPrevious

� http://www.slideshare.net/prrinskhaleel/sanitary-and-water-supply#btnNext

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