plumer - cover crop termination
TRANSCRIPT
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Mike PlumerConservation Agriculture
Oregon Ryegrass Commission
Cover CropControl, weed suppression, management
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Be able to spray when needed!!
Be ready to spray no matter what conditions
Target cover crop growth stage to meet yourneeds
Nitrogen
Root growth
Weed control
Consider multiple herbicide applications Not always need, but be prepared
Consider non glyphosate control options
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GPS
Foam marker
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Walking axles
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Use good equipment, controller, monitor, mapping, records
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Cover Crop
Spring Burndown Management
Plan on date/growth stage to kill
Smaller easier to kill, less mulch
Later, concerns over wet soils, dry soils, getting a
crop stand
Match herbicides to cover crop
Plan on 2 herbicide applications
Know your planters limitations
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Plant growth stage
Vegetative is easiest to kill
First joint starts grass reproductivedevelopment
Second joint starts head development
Herbicides have reduced translocation
Plant will try to head
Crowns may not be controlled/ latent buds Developing lignin in stem
Nutrient tieup and slow decomposition
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Plant growth stage
Boot stage
Very poor time to spray, plant will head
Head may have viable seed
Flowering stage
After pollen drop, easier to kill plant
May still make viable seed
Milk stage of seed, can mechanically control cereal rye(95%+)
Mowing crimping greatly decrease plant development
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Herbicide translocation Issues
in Spring
only works when plant is actively growing
Need sunny days
Above 50 degree temperature
Cold weather means spraying morning to earlyafternoon (night temps < 40)
NO triazines in mix
Use additives AMS or other like products
10 gallons water/ acre for glyphosate
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Cover Crop Mixes
Remember you have to control them in the
spring
May complicate control due to different
growth stages
Mix according to what soil needs
Remember plants compete for light, space
and water which is limited
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Annual Ryegrass
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Sept. 30th seeding 20#/a 2 different varieties
Different maturity, up to 30 days different
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Ryegrass spilled 9-16 as of Nov. 18
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Not all herbicides work well to kill cover crops in cool weather15
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Spring Management
Annual ryegrass is easiest to kill pre-joint
Jointing occurs at 7-10 in height
Warm weather greatly increases control
Date varies with location and season
Early control;
maximizes nitrogen release and decompositionrate
makes easier planting, conserves moisture
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Ryegrass control
Utilize Roundup Ready crops for easycontrol of escapes
Different varieties will respond differentlyto herbicides
Annual ryegrass is easy to kill at flowering
But may set viable seed Residue will decompose very slowly
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Time of day glyphosate
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
9am 4pm
WeatherMax
Wm +citricacid+ammonium
sulfate
Temperatures 60 day and 40 night
3 replicationsPlumer, U of Il
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Varieties
There are over 48 different varieties
Seed size will vary between varieties
There is a large variation in emergence andestablishment between varieties
Blends of varieties is very common
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Variety Blends
Blends may not be identified
% of varieties in blend may change
Blends may emerge at different times Blend can be used to get some stand when
variety needed is not known
Blends are frequently cheaper Blends can be harder to control
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Annual RyegrassHerbicide trial
treatment
gly51 22oz 9.7
gly 51 32oz +2,4-D 16oz 10
gly 51 32oz + calisto 7oz 6.3gly51 32oz + Prowl H2O 3 pt 10
gly51 32oz + resolve 2 oz. 10
gly51 32 oz + Basis 1 oz 10
gly51 32oz + Balance Pro 4oz 10
gly 51 32 oz 10
LSD 0.05 0.6
Control at 36 das
Plumer, U of Il.
Sprayed at 1st to 2nd joint stage, mid April, 6 reps
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Ryegrass Herbicide Control
Gramoxone Inteon 3 pt 78%
Gramoxone Int / Aatrex /Princep 3 pt/2 qt/1 qt 85%
Round-up W.MAX 22 oz 98%
Round-up W.MAX / Degree Xtra 22 oz/3 qt 86%
Steadfast .75 oz 47%
ClearOut 41 plus 1 qt. 93%
ClearOut 41 plus 1.5 qt 98%
ClearOut 41 plus /Basis 1.5 qt/.33 oz 98%
R.Hines, M.Plumer
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0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
100
SelectMax Clearout
41+
WeatherMax
Jackson
Bounty
Tam 90
Angus 1
% control Sprayed April 16, all varieties jointed, rating 30 days after spraying
Variety
Select Max at 12 0z/a Clearout and Weather Max at 1.22#ai/a
T l 21 d
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Taylor 21 dasrating: 1 failure- 10 complete kill/(1st-2nd node)
Select 6 oz (recommend 12+oz now) 6
Glyphosate 32 oz 8*
Assure 8oz 2Glyphosate 32 oz (ams) 9*
Glyphosate 32oz/atrazine 32oz 7
Poast Plus 24 oz + COC 4
Glyphosate 32 oz/princep 32oz 9*Application April 17,,, cold conditions
*Si . .05
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Herbicide trial-vegetative growth
Clear Out 41+ 3 pt./a 98
Weather Max 32oz./a 98
W.Max+ Degree Xtra 22 oz3 qt./a
86
Gramoxone Inteon 3pts/a 78
Clear Out 41+Basis
3pts2.5
98
Gramone Inteon
Atrazine+simazine
3pts/a
2qt+ 1qt
89
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What we learned in 2011
Cold weather is a problem
Wet conditions can stress plant to reduce
control
Dont spray translocated products at boot
stage
Plan on 2 applications with all herbicides
Can use contact herbicides + follow up systemic
spray
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Difference in maturity of 2 annual ryegrass varieties
Adjust herbicide rate and selection to compensate
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Annual ryegrass at heading at boot stage cereal rye headed
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Control and stage of growth
Boot stage of growth is the most difficult tocontrol
must use full rates
Use AMS with all glyphosate, to avoid water pHissues
Use full rates of fertilizer with all post grassproducts
Fully headed is easier to control but mayproduce viable seed
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Split applications work best with ryegrass at boot stage
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Intense ryegrass pressure will injure corn
Gramoxone Inteon + Bicep
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Cornfield after treatment with Accent
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Problem with escaped ryegrass in wheat
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Hairy Vetch
Planting date
July 16th? to Oct 1
Spring Control
2,4-D very effective
dies easily after flowering (variety determines date)
VF-1 April 15
TNT May 10th
Groff May 15 Date determines nitrogen produced
Roundup not very effective early
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Hairy vetch seeded July 23rd, as of
Oct 28
Vetch was bud stage in late December,
100% winter killed by March
Produced 209#/a nitrogen
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37Stage of growth to kill by rolling/crimping
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Red Clover
(consider alsike clover)
Soil moisture management
getting growth before planting corn
voles and more voles
Getting it killed
Gramoxone, atrazine mix, dicamba, 2,4-D
Glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D + atrazine mix 1 week
later
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39Crimson Clover is easier to control
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Annual ryegrass and crimson clover
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Annual ryegrass with vetch and crimson clover 5 days after herbicide application
3pts glyphosate (1.22#ai/a) plus 1 qt 2,4-D
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Oilseed/forage Radish
Mutch, MSU 42
Oil seed radish
Daikon radish
Tillage Radish
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Radish, annual ryegrass and hairy vetch
What needs spring control?
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Hairy vetch and radish planted September 15th
Notice winter damage on radish
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Radish residue, no control needed
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Cereal rye
Many varieties being developed for weed
control
Suppresses winter annual weeds
Stops glyphosate resistant mares tail
Must seed at 60-80#/a for excellent control
Only affects corn in wet, cold conditions
Can be managed with nitrogen in furrow, starter
or 50#/a broadcast at planting
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Cereal rye control
Fairly easy
Glyphosate (.75#/a) 1 qt. 41%
Gramoxone + atrazine mix
Crimping/mowing at pollination
N i d l i l f
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Notice weed control in rye on left
no winter annuals
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Serious mares tail population
R e seeded at
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Need a stand of rye
This seeded at 35#/a in December
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60#/a Rymin rye with red clover
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Cereal rye at 60#/a plus 15#/a crimson clover
Note-no mares tail
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60#/a cereal rye, mowed at pollination
-----2 weeks later no mares tail
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Rye at pollination, only time to get good control
by crimping ave. 95+%
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Drilling and crimped
Or crim ed and drilled?
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Waited too long to apply nitrogen
Cereal r e too mature nitro en tieu
L t Pl ti i t
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Late corn Planting into
Mature cover crops
Tmt Yield in bushels/acre
Bare soil 88.8
Cereal rye- full headed 101.7
Annual ryegrass headed 104.7
Annual ryegrass boot stage 110.2lsd 0.05 13.6
Late planted June 3rd
Nitrogen limited to 98#/a
No-till corn no starter
Corn on corn
Low nitrogen rate to show cover crop effectPlumer , 2011
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Plan ahead, manage your cover
cropsMike Plumer
Conservation AgricultureOregon Ryegrass Commission