plymouth state university software system software application software

Plymouth State University

Software

System Software

Application Software


System Software


What is Software?

Step-by-step instructions(program) Software controls the hardware Software Package includes:

• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)• Data


Software Categories

System Software• Operating System

– Graphic User Interface

• Device Drivers• Utility Programs



One of the First“Personal Computers”


One of the First“Personal Computers”

(1975)


Without an Operating System Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800

hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!

• First, load the Operating System:– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).– Use this short program to input additional programs through

a paper tape reader.

• Then, load any programs:– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.

• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.


Working with System Software

Users

Software

Hardware

System Software


Working with Application Software

Users

Software

Hardware


System Software


Operating SystemWhat It Does

Booting

CPU management

File management

Task management


“Booting” (starting up the computer)

• Cold boot:– Starting up the computer by turning the power

on.– Operating system in ROM looks and loads

remaining operating system into RAM.

• Warm boot:– Reloads the operating system into RAM without

disrupting the power to the disk drives or power supply.


Management of Files

• File: the name given to any program or chunk of data that is stored on a computer.

– Most computers today have Hierarchical File systems.

– Files are stored in groupings (folders or directories).


Input / Output of Information

All types of information are stored in binary form.

• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning between types unless a file is marked in some manner for identification by the operating system.

000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010


File Storage

A file is a named collection of data stored on a disk or tape

You supply the name

The application supplies the extension


File Names

DOS - FILENAME.EXT

8 . 3• FILENAME - Determined by user• EXT - Determined by Application

Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255 characters• My First Lab for CS110.doc


Files may Contain

Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)

Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)

Commands (.BAT)

Source Code (.BAS, .C)


Working With Files

To use a file in Windows you may:• Start the application, then open the file

OR• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)


Operating System Where does the operating system reside?

• ROM (Read Only Memory)– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).

• RAM (Random Access Memory)– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a

secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.

• The complete operating system is contained in both ROM and RAM in the computer.


Software Main Memory

RAM

BIOSHardware

ROM



BIOS

Windows

HardwareROM

RAM



BIOS

Windows

HardwareROM

Application1RAM



BIOS

Windows

HardwareROM

Application2

Application1RAM


Limited Main Memory

• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a program being too big to fit into the available RAM.

– The operating system divides the program into pieces.

– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.

• Disadvantage: This slows the system down, because retrieval of information from the disk is time consuming.


Task Management

Multitasking

Multiprogramming (multi-user)

Time-sharing (round-robin)

Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)


Single-user, Single-tasking


Multi-user, Multi-tasking


Real-time processing

• Involves human interaction with the computer.

• Requires quick or timely return of results.

• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!


Process Control

• Refers to the control of some process by a computer in real time.

• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.


Menus

Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the bottom of the screen


Menus

Fly-out menus - menus that seem to explode out to the right


Menus

Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the top of the screen


My Computer Window


Handhelds Operating System Platforms

Palm OS

Windows CE/Pocket PC


Operating System Trends

User-friendlyNetworkingMulti-userMulti-taskingOpen vs. Proprietary


Other System Software

Device drivers

Utility programs


Examples of Utilities

Calculator Notepad Virus Check Check Disk for errors De-fragment disk


Disk Cleanup


Defragment Utility

Fragmented

Defragmented


Device Drivers

To add devices not directly supported by the Operating System

Examples:• CD-ROM• Scanners• New Printers• MODEMs


Windows User Interface


Mac OS User Interface


Linux User Interface

Windows Folders

Like File Folders

CS110

Folders may contain Other Folders

Folders may contain Files

My Report

Budget

The “ROOT” Directory

A:\


Working With Files

Budget


User

File

OPERATING SYSTEM


Associating File Extensions with Applications

Can you connect each

data file with its application(s)?


Types of Application Software

Copyright• Commercial• Shareware• Freeware• Rentalware

Non-Copyright• Public domain


Application Software Word Processing Desktop Publishing Spreadsheet Graphics Database Reference E-mail Games


The Help CommandHelp command - a command generating a table of contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you locate answers


Documents

To convey our ideas to others

Letters Job Applications Reports Publication


Early Document


Fonts

Font - typeface and type size

10 point Times New Roman

14 pointArial Black

16 pointCourier

32 pointArial


Word Processing Integrating Tables & Graphs

Writing Tools• Spelling Checker

• Online Thesaurus

• Grammar & Style Checker


Spreadsheet GraphicsAnalytical graphics - graphical forms that make numeric data easy to analyze


DatabasePersonal Information Manager


Software Suites Usually contain:

• Word Processor• Spreadsheet• Database• Communications

Examples:• Microsoft Office• Lotus SmartSuite• COREL Office


Desktop Publishing Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce

high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software


Publishing Without Paper

Creating Documents

Word Processing• HTML Documents

• Distribution

• Portable Documents (PDF)


Computer Art Programs

Drawing programs

Painting programs


Drawing & Painting ProgramsDrawing program - graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products

Painting program - graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen

Vector image

Raster image

Plymouth State University 64

Painting Software

Free-hand

Bit-mapped

Once something is drawn, it becomes part of the overall painting


Drawing Software

Object-oriented

Lines & shapes may be combined into objects

Objects may be moved as a single item


CAD

Used for scaled drawings

Architecture

Mechanical Design


Project Management Software

Manage projects that involve others

Used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time


FTP File Transfer


Audio Editing


Windows Media Player


Intellectual Property Copyright

• Publisher owns software• User is granted a license to use it• No copies to be made• Used on one computer

Not recognized by all countries

Software Piracy


Software Licenses

Signed Contract Shrinkwrap Single-use Multi-use Concurrent-use Site License


Software Piracy

Illegal copying of Software

Illegal Distribution of Software

Illegal Use of Software


What is software piracy? Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,

reproduction, use, or manufacture of software product(s) protected by U.S. and international copyright law. On average, for every authorized copy of computer software in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated" copy is made. In some countries, up to 99 unauthorized copies are made for every authorized copy in use.


Diskette Software Installation1 of 30

30 of 30


CD-ROM Software Installation


Exam Next WeekLectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook


Sample Exam QuestionsFill-ins:The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia form.“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.

Possible answers:Web Cable Information Comp-com

Multiple choice:Which is the main circuit board in the computer? a. RAM chip (random access memory) b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit) c. motherboard (system board) d. hard drive

Short answer:What is multimedia?What is the function of RAM?What does downloading mean?