(__)pneumatic sheet cutting machine.doc

8/10/2019 (__)PNEUMATIC SHEET CUTTING MACHINE.doc

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PNEUMATIC SHEET CUTTING MACHINE

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

DIPLOMAIN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGBY

Under the guidance of --------------------------------

2004-2005

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE


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Register number: _________________________

This is to certi! th"t the #ro$ect re#ort tit%e&

PNE'MATIC (HEET C'TTING MACHINE

submitte& b! the o%%o)ing stu&ents or the ")"r& o

the Di#%om" engineering is recor& o bon"*&e )or+

c"rrie& out b! them,

Done b!

Mr. / Ms_______________________________

In partial fl!ll"#nt $f t%# r#&ir#"#nt f$r t%# a'ar( $f(#)r## in

Di#%om" in Mech"nic"% EngineeringDuring The Ye"r-./001-/0023

44444444444444444 444444444444444He"& o De#"rtment Gui&e

C$i"*at$r# +4,+5,.at#:

(ubmitte& or the uni5ersit! e6"min"tion he%& on

44444444444

44444444444444444 4444444444444444Intern"% E6"miner E6tern"%E6"miner


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AC7NO8LEDGEMENT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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ACN1EGEMENT

At this #%e"sing moment o h"5ing successu%%!

com#%ete& our #ro$ect9 )e )ish to con5e! our

sincere th"n+s "n& gr"titu&e to the m"n"gement

o our co%%ege "n& our be%o5e& ch"irm"n

)ho #ro5i&e& "%%

the "ci%ities to us,

8e )ou%& %i+e to e6#ress our sincere th"n+s toour #rinci#"% or

or)"r&ing us to &o our #ro$ect "n& o:ering

"&e;u"te &ur"tion in com#%eting our #ro$ect,

8e "re "%so gr"teu% to the He"& o

De#"rtment Pro, ,, or

her constructi5e suggestions < encour"gement

&uring our #ro$ect,

8ith &ee# sense o gr"titu&e9 )e e6ten& our

e"rnest < sincere th"n+s to our gui&e

,,9 De#"rtment

o Mech"nic"% or her +in& gui&"nce a9imum ;peration ressure = 1/ bar

ort si6e = + mm

! F(o /o"tro( (3e

Te/4"!/( Dt

ort si6e D /(!' 9 1/EF m

ressure D /-, 9 1/ 3AmF

>edia D )ir

Guantity D 1

2. Co""e/tor&

Te/4"!/( dt

>a9 wor&ing pressure D 1/ 9 1/ 3AmF

emperature D /-1// H "


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7luid media D )ir

>aterial D 0rass

5. Ho&e&

Te/4"!/( dte

>a9 pressure D 1/ 9 1/ 3AmF

;uter diameter D ( mm = ( 9 1/ Jm

Inner diameter D !' mm = !' 9 1/ Jm


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-6---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CMPNENTS AN

ESCIPTIN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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CHAPTER-,

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

he ma4or components of these systems are5

"ompressor

neumatic "ylinder

Solenoid Bal*e

Cose and fitting

Seals

"ontrol imer "ircuit

7low control *al*e

COMPRESSOR$

he air under high pressure is gi*en by a compressor It is dri*en by an electric

motor he compressor deli*ers air to inlet of the cylinder )n air compressor as the same

indicates is a machine to compress the air and to raise its pressure he air compressor

suc&s air from the atmosphere5 compresses it and then deli*ers the same under a high


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pressure to a storage *essel from the storage *essel it may be con*eyed by a pipeline to a

place where the supply of compressed air is required

Since the compression of air requires some wor& to be done on it5 therefore

compressor must be dri*en by some prime mo*er

he compressed air is used for many purposes such as for operating pneumatic

drills5 ri*ets5 paint spraying and supercharging of internal combustion engines etc5 It is

also used in the operation of lifts5 rams5 pumps and *aricty of other de*ices in industry

"ompressed air is suc&ed for producing ballast of air in blast furnaces and bessemer

con*erter

C(&&!!/t!o" o A!r Com%re&&or

he air compressor may be classified in many ways but the following are

important of *iew

1 )ccording to wor&ing

a 8eciprocating "ompressor

b 8otary "ompressor

2 )ccording to action

a Single acting compressor


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b #ouble acting compressor

! )ccording to number of stages

a Single stage compressor

b >ulti stage compressor

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR$

hey are a*ailable in great *ariety including special machine for unusual

requirements >a9imum compression compression ratio may be as high as 1/ per stage

wo stage compressors are a*ailable for compression ratios greater than eight

here different type of piston type reciprocating air compressor are a*ailable

hey are

1 Bertical

2 Cori6ontal

! 8adial

$

he most commonly used one is hori6ontal air cooled type reciprocating air

compressor for a pressure range ( to 12 KgAcm7


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Co"&tru/t!o"

It is similar to that of an internal combustion LI"M engine consisting of cost-iron or

aluminum body with an oil tan&5 the base piston with piston rings5 *al*es5 connecting

rods5 cran&s5 cran& shaft and bearing etc If the piston is mo*ing down air is suc&ed in

through the suction *al*e and a filter and is compressed in return stro&e

;il le*el gauges5 oil filling screw and oil outlet screw etc are also important parts

of an air compressor

he pressure switch is connected to the dri*ing motor and is set such that it

automatically trips off5 disconnecting the electrical connection to the motor as soon as the

recei*er achie*es the desired set pressure

he safety *al*e is set to the same pressure limit and in case of the pressure

e9ceeds this limit5 it automatically opens and e9cess pressure is e9hausted to the

atmosphere5 thus limiting the system pressure to the desired le*el he drain *al*e drains

off the condensate produced at the condenser and the recei*er piston rings are used

around the piston to ma&e it airtight


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he first stage cylinder is called the low-pressure cylinder LM where air is drawn

from the atmosphere and is compressed initially he second cylinder is called the

second-stage cylinder5 which is of smaller diameter and it is also called high-pressure

cylinder LCM Cere the initially compressed air from first cylinder is further

compressed to high pressure

%hen air is compressed5 considerable heat is generated5 this heat must be

dissipated at least in units5 where pressure e9ceeds 2 bar he main machine is cooled by

air circulation on water circulation

C4r/ter!&t!/& o Dou'(e /t!"+ /om%re&&or&

7or the same sped and cylinder *olume5 air deli*ery is double that of a single

acting compressor

hey are mostly suitable for large capacity

"ylinders are mostly water-cooled

hey are normally used for continuous and hea*y-duty wor&s


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Cigher speed of piston while reducing the si6e of the compressor may contribute

to greater wear of piston rings5 cylinder liners and pic&ings referable range of

piston speed ad*ocated

7or small capacity compressor !// mAmin

7or large capacity compressor-2'mAmin

ower discharge temperature Lmostly 2$/H" for single stage compressorsM

he ultimate choice of an air compressor is decided considering two main factors

hey areD

;ne should go for a small compressor for each machine LorM

Should one ha*e a centrali6ed compressor power houseN

he portable answer will depend on pipe line layout5 system requirement and the

distance of the user machine from the plant

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER$

"ylinder is a de*ice which con*erts fluid power into liner mechanical force and

motion hese cylinders are widely used in industrial pneumatic systems hese


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cylinders are also called as linear motors and reciprocating motors pneumatic cylinders

are designed for a *ariety of ser*ices

neumatic cylinders are designed for a *ariety of ser*ices neumatic cylinders

transforms the flow of pressured fluid into a push or pull of the piston rod since out

system uses double acting cylinders we shall see some details about them

#ouble acting cylinders are in one in which fluid force can be applied to the

mo*able element in two directories he force e9erted by the compressed air mo*es the

piston in two directories in a double acting cylinder hey are used particularly he

piston is required to perform wor& not only on the ad*ance mo*ement but also on the

return In principle5 the stro&e length is unlimited5 although buc&ing and bending must be

considered before we select a particular si6e of piston diameter5 rod length and stro&e

length

he main component of any pneumatic system is the cylinder5 which recei*ers air

under pressure and the pressuri6ed air helps to mo*e the piston to and fro he force

acting on the piston will be equal to the product of the pressure of air and the area of the

cylinder


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he amount of air deli*ered into the cylinder into the cylinder decides the rate of

doing wor& ) cylinder is a hollow circular section with the top and bottom flange

pro*ided to pre*ent the lea&age of air

he compressed air is used to actuate the piston In order to mo*e the piston to

and fro5 the air is supplied to the top and bottom of the cylinder alternati*ely

"ylinder is mainly classified into two types namely5

Single acting cylinder

#ouble acting cylinder

In single acting cylinder5 using the spring pro*ided around the piston rod attains

the return stro&e5 but it is not efficient So5 the double acting cylinder is used in which

the return stro&e is attained using compressed air

Dou'(e A/t!"+ C)(!"der

In this the force e9erted by the compressed air mo*es the piston in two directions

hey are used partially when the piston is required to perform wor& not only on the


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ad*ance mo*ement but also on the return stro&e his principle5 the stro&e length is

unlimited5 although buc&ing and bending must be considered before selecting the

particular si6e of piston diameter5 rod length and stro&e length

he different parts of double acting cylinder areD

1 0arrel

2 iston rod

! op "o*er

$ 0ottom "o*er

' %iper "o*er

( 8etaining ring

+ iston

, iston guide

. 0earing "ap

1/ O;@ ring for piston guide

11 Ce9agonal soc&et head screw

12"hec& nut

he double acting cylinder is made up of cast aluminium he inner and outer

surface of the cylinder should be machined accurately he internal diameter of the


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cylinder should be accurate in order to pro*ide a smooth surface for the pac&ing he

appearance of the outer diameter should be good

he outer most part of the bottom and top co*er contains internal threads for

inserting bolts to clamp the cylinder

In case of double acting cylinder a force is de*eloped in both the directions he

mo*ing member inside the cylinder is nothing but a piston which is found to be mo*ing

forward and bac&ward due to high-pressure air he cylinder top and lower plate are

flanged together by means of bolts and nuts he bottom of the cylinder is also flanged

with end co*ers for the mo*ement of the piston in reciprocating manner

he bottom end co*er has a bore in center whose diameter is slightly larger than

piston rod diameter he force during the return stro&e is less compared to that of the

forward stro&e because in the former5 the piston rod co*ers some area so that the air

cannot concentrate in the piston rod area

2.2.1. Prt& o P"eumt!/ C)(!"der

P!&to"


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he piston is a cylindrical member of certain length which reciprocates inside the

cylinder he diameter of the piston is slightly less than that of the cylinder bore diameter

and it is fitted to the top of the piston rod It is one of the important part which con*erts

the pressure energy into mechanical power

he piston is equipped with a ring suitably proportioned and it is relati*ely soft

rubber which is capable of pro*iding good sealing with low friction at the operating

pressure he purpose of piston is to pro*ide means of con*eying the pressure of air

inside the cylinder to the piston of the oil cylinder


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he efficiency and economy of the machine primarily depends on the wor&ing of

the piston It must operate in the cylinder with a minimum of friction and should be able

to withstand the high compressor force de*eloped in the cylinder and also the shoc& load

during operation

he piston should posses the following qualities

a he mo*ement of the piston not creates much noise

b It should be frictionless

c It should withstand high pressure

P!&to" Rod

he piston rod is circular in cross section It connects piston with piston of other

cylinder he piston rod is made of mild steel ground and polished ) high finish is

essential on the outer rod surface to minimi6e wear on the rod seals he piston rod is

connected to the piston by mechanical fastening he piston and the piston rod can be

separated if necessary


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;ne end of the piston rod is connected to the bottom of the piston he other end

of the piston rod is connected to the other piston rod by means of coupling he piston

transmits the wor&ing force to the oil cylinder through the piston rod he piston rod is

designed to withstand the high compressi*e force It should a*oid bending and withstand

shoc& loads caused by the cutting force he piston mo*es inside the rod seal fi9ed in the

bottom co*er plate of the cylinder he sealing arrangements pre*ent the lea&age of air

from the bottom of the cylinder while the rod reciprocates through it

C)(!"der Co3er P(te&

he cylinder should be enclosed to get the applied pressure from the compressor

and act on the pinion he cylinder is thus closed by the co*er plates on both the ends

such that there is no lea&age of air )n inlet port is pro*ided on the top co*er plate and an

outlet ports on the bottom co*er plate here is also a hole drilled for the mo*ement of

the piston

he cylinder co*er plate protects the cylinder from dust and other particle and

maintains the same pressure that is ta&en from the compressor he flange has to hold the

piston in both of its e9treme positions he piston hits the top plat during the return

stro&e and hits the bottom plate during end of forward stro&e So the co*er plates must

be strong enough to withstand the load


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C)(!"der Mou"t!"+ P(te&$

It is attached to the cylinder co*er plates and also to the carriage with the help of

O@ bends and bolts

CONTROL ALE$

Barious types of control *al*es are used to regulate5 control and monitor the air

energy for control of direction pressure5 flow5 etc

neumatic energy is regulated and controlled by pneumatic *al*es 7unctionally

*al*es are di*ided into four ma4or groups

#irection "ontrol

7low "ontrol

In our pro4ect electrically actuated solenoid operated 'A2 #" *al*es are used


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Solenoid is another name for an electromagnet #irection control *al*es are *ery

often actuated by electromagnets )n electromagnet is a temporary magnet ) magnetic

force is de*eloped in an electromagnet when electrical current passes through it and force

drops down as soon as it is de energi6ed

his electromagnet is commonly termed as solenoid he proper wor&ing of a

solenoid operated *al*e depends on the reliability of the electromagnets

It ensures

Guic& and sure action

ong life

Pasy maintenance

ess wastage of energy

So(e"o!d (3e

he directional *al*e is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system

"ommonly &nown as #"B5 this *al*e is used to control the direction of air flow in the


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pneumatic system he directional *al*e does this by changing the position of its internal

mo*able parts

his *al*e was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual effort and

also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by means of using a

solenoid *al*e ) solenoid is an electrical de*ice that con*erts electrical energy into

straight line motion and force hese are also used to operate a mechanical operation

which in turn operates the *al*e mechanism

Solenoids may be push type or pull type he push type solenoid is one in which

the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is energi6ed electrically he pull type solenoid

is one is which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energi6ed

he name of the parts of the solenoid should be learned so that they can be

recogni6ed when called upon to ma&e repairs5 to do ser*ice wor& or to install them


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2.5.1. Prt& o So(e"o!d (3e

1. Co!(

he solenoid coil is made of copper wire he layers of wire are separated by

insulating layer he entire solenoid coil is co*ered with an *arnish that is not affected by

sol*ents5 moisture5 cutting oil or often fluids "oils are rated in *arious *oltages such as

11' *olts )"5 2!/ *olts )"5 $(/ *olts )"5 '+' Bolts )"5 ( Bolts #"5 12 Bolts #"5 2$

Bolts #"5 11' Bolts #" Q 2!/ Bolts #" hey are designed for such frequencies as '/

C6 to (/ C6

#. Frme

he solenoid frame ser*es se*eral purposes Since it is made of laminated sheets5

it is magneti6ed when the current passes through the coil he magneti6ed coil attract the

metal plunger to mo*e he frame has pro*isions for attaching the mounting hey are

usually bolted or welded to the frame he frame has pro*isions for recei*ers5 the

plunger he wear strips are mounted to the solenoid frame5 and are made of materials

such as metal or impregnated less fiber cloth


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,. So(e"o!d P(u"+er

he Solenoid plunger is the mo*er mechanism of the solenoid he plunger is

made of steel laminations which are ri*eted together under high pressure5 so that there

will be no mo*ement of the lamination with respect to one another )t the top of the

plunger a pin hole is placed for ma&ing a connection to some de*ice he solenoid

plunger is mo*ed by a magnetic force in one direction and is usually returned by spring

action

Solenoid operated *al*es are usually pro*ided with co*er o*er either the solenoid

or the entire *al*e his protects the solenoid from dirt and other foreign matter5 and

protects the actuator In many applications it is necessary to use e9plosion proof

solenoids

2.5.#. 0or*!"+ o So(e"o!d (3e

he solenoid *al*e has ' openings his ensure easy e9hausting of 'A2 *al*e he

spool of the 'A2 *al*e slide inside the main bore according to spool position: the ports get

connected and disconnected he wor&ing principle is as follows


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Po&!t!o"-1

%hen the spool is actuated towards outer direction port O@ gets connected to O0@

and OS@ remains closed while O)@ gets connected to O8@

Po!&!t!o"-#

%hen the spool is pushed in the inner direction port O@ and O)@ gets connected to

each other and O0@ to OS@ while port O8@ remains closed

HOUSE AND FITINGS$

It is pro*ided for the passage of compressed air from the compressor outlet to the

operating *al*e

wo separate pipes also connect the operating *al*e with the wor&ing cylinder

pressure drop through and air line depends on the flow rate5 pipe diameter5 pipe length

and pipe geometry It can be determined directly for straight pipes of any gi*en length

) small chaining bore si6e can ha*e mar&ed effect on pressure drop5 where as e*en

doubling the pipe length5 will only result in doubling the pressure drop


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ressure drop through bends and fittings can only be determined by empirical

tests5 since it is specific to the internal geometry in*ol*ed 8igid pipes howe*er are less

manipulated through remain form of bends with arrangements increase and *ariable air

ha*e to flow and the flow itself may be of fluctuating or pulsating nature In this case it

is thus normally based on practical recommendation

SEALS$

Seal is an important component of a pneumatic system and is used to pre*ent the

air lea&age through the 4oint

his pro4ect passes the static seal which are used to pre*ent the lea&age through

the stationary surface

>aterial of the seal is eflon tape eflon has the following properties

%ithstand the system pressure and temperature without any damage

8esist the wear and abrasion

8eco*er from deformation


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8esists the ad*erse effects such as deterioration and shrin&ing

caused by the system air

Seals are de*ices for closing gaps to pre*ent lea&age or ma&e pressure 4oints and

also to pre*ent the entry of air and dirt from outside into the system he material of seal

must be compatible with the fluid medium It is a circular ring made of synthetic rubber

It is used for pro*iding tight sealing between the piston and the cylinder wall It pre*ents

air lea&age from the top and bottom of the cylinder

Seals for air cylinder and *al*es are not normally called upon to seal pressure

higher than about 2 bars Since the fluid to be seated is a gas5 Lin our case airM rubbing

speeds tends to be high and the seal the seal may ha*e to be operated under dry

conditions with minimal lubrication

CONTROL TIMER CIRCUIT$

Need or T!mer C!r/u!t$

>ain purpose to timer circuit is to actuate the solenoid *al*e at regular inter*al of

time to achie*e proper lubrication at the desired inter*al

ELECTRONIC CONTROL TIMING UNIT$-


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2 6

7 IC

555

8 ,

# 1

18

,

2917 #

12

2

1, 6

Cere the ''' I" has been used as a multi *ibrator he output of I" ''' is fed to

the input pin Lpin no 1$M of "# $/1+ continues counting

he output of the I" becomes a*ailable at pin 3os !5 2 and $ he output pulse of

any one of output pin triggers Luts ;3M the riac and current starts flowing across the

load connected his process continues on other pins at different time inter*als and the

cycle continues he frequency inter*al LimeM of the cycle can be ad4usted by the pre-set

loo& connected to pin ( of ''' imer I"

2A-#,9 : ,

27;

L1

TRIAC : ,

1N2997 : ,

L#

19; L,

199=F 1N2997 : 2

1N2997

1999=F

#,9


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1 ,

2 + IC

NE 555

! (

$ '

#,9 A//?

TRIGGER DISCHARGE

OUTPUT THERSOLD

RESET CONTROL

PIN NO$ 1

It is ground terminal

PIN NO$ #


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he trigger *oltage to the lower comparator is applied It has constant *oltage

that is atleast one third of the supply *oltage5 when trigger *oltage falls below this le*el

the flip-flop changes its state and output becomes high

PIN NO$ ,

It is the output

terminal5 in low state output is equal to

6ero and when at higher state output is

equal to Bcc

PIN NO$ 2

It controls the flip

flop directly It turns the de*ice to its

original position when reset pin is

connected to ground the output is

appro9imately equal to 6ero %hen reset is not used it is connected to Bcc

PIN NO$ 5

It is the control *oltage terminal It is connected to ground through a capacitor of //1

R7 )ny e9ternal *oltage at pinD ' will change both the threshold *oltage and the trigger

*oltage reference le*el

PIN NO$ 8


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hreshold *oltage of upper comparator is applied from this terminal he resistor 8t

connected to Bcc and pinD ( is grounded by an e9ternal capacitor he output is high

capacitor charges by resistor 8t %hen the capacitor changes to the threshold le*el5 the

output becomes low

PIN NO$ 7

It is the discharge pin for e9ternal capacitor Usually pinD + is connected with pinD (

directly to by a resistor %hen the output becomes low then the e9ternal capacitor

discharges by internal discharge transistor remains at cut-off and the e9ternal capacitor

charges to Bcc

PIN NO$ 6

It is the positi*e supply terminal ) dc *oltage from ?' to ? 1' can be applied

T4e !m%ort"t eture& o IC555 /" 'e &ummr!@ed & o((o&.

1 iming range from microseconds to hours

2 >ono-stable and )stable operation is possible through I"'''

! he duty cycle can be ad4usted according to our necessity

$ It has the ability to operate from a wide range of supply Boltage

IC 555 SPECIFICATION

Supply Boltage LBccM = $' to 1'B


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Supply "urrent LBcc='BA2M = ! to (m)

Supply "urrent LBcc=2'BA2M = 1/ to 1'm)

;utput "urrent = 2//m) Lma9imumM

ower dissipation = (//mw

FLO0 CONTROL ALE$

7low "ontrol Bal*es are fitted to all the distribution tubes his *al*e is made of

brass 0oth the ends ha*e stepped surface to insert hoses ) handle is pro*ided to control

the flow of oil in e*ery *al*e

>? Te/4"!/( Dt$

Si6e D

ressure D / to 1/ &g A cm2

>edia D )ir

> ' ? Pur%o&e$

his *al*e is used to speed up the piston mo*ement and also it acts as an one way

restriction *al*e which means that the air can pass through only one way and it can@t

return bac&


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0y using this *al*e the time consumption is reduced because of the faster

mo*ement of the piston

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-4---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ING PINCIP1E---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-2

0OR;ING PRINCIPLE

he compressed air from the compressor is used as the force medium for this

operation here are pneumatic double acting cylinders5 solenoid *al*e: flow control

*al*e and timer unit used he arm from the compressor enters to the floe control Bal*e

he controlled air from the flow control *al*e enters to the solenoid *al*e he

function of solenoid *al*es all of air correct time inter*al he 'A2 solenoid *al*e is used

In one position air enter to the cylinder and pusses the piston5 so that the cutting stro&e is

obtained

he ne9t position air enters to the other side of cylinder and pusses the piston

return bac&5 so that the releasing stro&e is obtained he speed of the cutting and releasing

stro&e is *aried by the timer control unit circuit


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-5---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ESIGN AN AINGS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-5

DESIGN AND DRA0INGS

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

De&!+" o P!&to" rod$

oad due to air ressure

#iameter of the iston LdM = $/ mm

ressure acting LpM = ( &gfAcm7

>aterial used for rod = " $'

Tield stress L8yM = !( &gfAmm7

)ssuming factor of safety = 2

7orce acting on the rod LM = ressure 9 )rea

= p 9 L9d7A $M

= ( 9 L 99 $7 A $ V

= +!!( Kgf


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#esign StressL8yM = 8y A 7/ S

= !( A 2 = 1, KgfAmm7

= A L9d7A $ M

;d = inimum diameter of rod required for the load = 2! mm

%e assume diameter of the rod = 1' mm

De&!+" o /)(!"der t4!/*"e&&$

>aterial used = "ast iron

)ssuming internal diameter of the cylinder = $/ mm

Ultimate tensile stress = 2'/ 3Amm7 = 2'// gfAmm7

%or&ing Stress = Ultimate tensile stress A factor of safety

)ssuming factor of safety = $

%or&ing stress L ftM = 2'// A $ = (2' KgfAcm7


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)ccording to O)>PS PGU)I;3@

>inimum thic&ness of cylinder L t M = ri < Lft? pM A Lft p M -1 V

%here5

ri = inner radius of cylinder in cm

ft = %or&ing stress LKgfAcm7M

p = %or&ing pressure in KgfAcm7

;Substituting *alues we get5

t = 2/ < L(2' ? (M A L (2' (M -1V

t = //1. cm = /1. mm

%e assume thic&ness of cylinder = 2' mm

Inner diameter of barrel = $/ mm

;uter diameter of barrel = $/ ? 2t

= $/ ? L 2 9 2' M = $' mm

De&!+" o P!&to" rod$

D!meter o P!&to" Rod$

7orce of piston 8od LM = ressure 9 area = p 9 9/4Ld7M

= ( 9 L9A $M 9 L$M7

= +!!( Kgf

)lso5 force on piston rod LM = L9A$M LdpM79 ft


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= LYA$M 9 LdpM7 9 (2'

+!!( = LYA$M 9 LdpM79 (2'

;dp7 = +!!( 9 L$AYM 9 L1A(2'M

= /1'

dp = /!, cm = !, mm

0y standardi6ing dp = 1' mm

Le"+t4 o %!&to" rod$

)pproach stro&e = 1(/ mm

ength of threads = 2 9 2/ = $/mm

P9tra length due to front co*er = 12 mm

P9tra length of accommodate head = 2/ mm

otal length of the piston rod = 1(/ ? $/ ? 12 ? 2/

= 2!2 mm

0y standardi6ing5 length of the piston rod = 2!/ mm


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------APP1ICATINS =

ISA>ANTAGES---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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CHAPTER-8

APPLICATIONS AND DISADANTAGES

APPLICATIONS$-

his machine is *ery useful for small scale industries

his machine is used to cut the roller sheet metal

)ll Industrial )pplication

DISADANTAGES$-

%hile wor&ing5 the compressed air produces noise therefore a silencer may

be used

Cigh torque can not be obtained

oad carrying capacity of this unit is not *ery highLZ'/ 3M


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CHAPTER-7

ADANTAGES

he pneumatic is more efficient in the technical field

Guic& response is achie*ed

Simple in construction

Pasy to maintain and repair

"ost of the unit is less when compared to other machine

3o fire ha6ard problem due to o*er loading

"omparati*ely the operation cost is less

he operation of cutting is faster because the medium used to operate is air

"ontinuous operation is possible without stopping


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-@---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1IST MATEIA1S---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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CHAPTER-6

LIST OF MATERIALS

S(.

No.

De&/r!%t!o" t). MATERIAL

/1

/2

/!

/$

/'

/(

/+

/,

.

1/

11

12


Solenoid Bal*e

imer

7low "ontrol Bal*es

Coses

%ire

Stand

0ase 0oard

Cose "ollar

8educer

7i9ed cutting plate

>o*ing "utting late

1 3o

1 3o

1 3o

1 3o

2 >

2>

1 3o

1 3o

( 3;

1 3;

1 3;

1 3;

P3,

)U

PP"8;3I"

)U

;TU8PP3P

-

>S

>S

08)SS

08)SS

SS

SS


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CST ESTIMATIN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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CHAPTER-=

COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST$

S(.

No.

De&/r!%t!o" t). MATERIAL COST >RS?

/1

/2

/!

/$

/'

/(

/+

/,

.

1/

11

12


Solenoid Bal*e

imer

7low "ontrol Bal*es

Coses

%ire

Stand

0ase 0oard

Cose "ollar

8educer

7i9ed cutting plate

>o*ing "utting late

1 3o

1 3o

1 3o

1 3o

2 >

2>

1 3o

1 3o

( 3;

1 3;

1 3;

1 3;

P3,

)U

PP"8;3I"

)U

;TU8PP3P

-

>S

>S

08)SS

08)SS

SS

SS

TOTAL B


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#. LAOUR COST

)CP5 #8II3aterial "ost ? abour cost

=

=

;*erhead "harges = 2/[ of the manufacturing cost

=

TOTAL COST

otal cost = >aterial "ost ? abour cost ? ;*erhead "harges

==

otal cost for this pro4ect =


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTE-,0---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CNC1USIN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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CHAPTER-19

CONCLUSION

his pro4ect wor& has pro*ided us an e9cellent opportunity and e9perience5 to use

our limited &nowledge %e gained a lot of practical &nowledge regarding5 planning5

designing drawing5 purchasing5 computing and machining while doing this pro4ect wor&

%e feel that the pro4ect wor& is a good solution to bridge the gates between institution

industries

%e are proud that we ha*e completed the wor& with the limited time successfully

he machine is wor&ing with satisfactory conditions %e are able to understand the

difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also quality %e ha*e done to our ability

and s&ill ma&ing ma9imum use of a*ailable facilities

In conclusion remar&s of our pro4ect wor&5 let us add a few more lines about our

impression pro4ect wor&


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he chief ad*antage of our system is that5 it cutting speed is *aried he fast

operation is done by the timer unit his pro4ect is a low cost automation pro4ect

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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I1IGAPH3---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ILIOGRAPHY

1 ) e9t 0oo& of >achine #esign----8SKhurmi Q \Kc


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, neumatic System---->a4umdhar5 3ew )ge India International LM td

ublishers5 1..+

. Strength of >aterials----S 8amamurtham Q 8 3arayanan5 #hanpat 8ai

ublishing "orporation5 1..,


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(__)pneumatic sheet cutting machine.doc

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