pneumonia: nursing management islamic university nursing college
TRANSCRIPT
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Pneumonia: nursing management
Islamic University
Nursing College
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Definition
Pneumonia is a pulmonary infection or
inflammation that develops after someone
inhales airborne pathogens or aspirates
pathogens in secretions from the upper
respiratory or gastrointestinal tract.
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Classification- Bacterial- Viral- Fungal.
Depending on the patient's clinical and X-ray findings,
pneumonia is further classified as lobar pneumonia
(affecting one or more lobes), bronchopneumonia
(affecting the terminal bronchial tree, distal airways,
and alveoli), or inflammation of the interstitial space.
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Community-acquired pneumonia is pneumonia that
someone contracts outside the hospital setting. In many
cases, a respiratory virus, such as influenza or adenovirus, is
the infectious organism. The most common bacterial cause is
Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia develops
more than 7 days after hospital admission. It's likely to be
caused by different pathogens, including Staphylococcus
aureus and Klebsiella.
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• Elderly
• Very young
• Cystic fibrosis
• Respiratory conditions
• Smoking
• Immunocomprompromised
• Heart disease
• Diabetes
Risk factors for Community-acquired pneumonia
(CAP)
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Signs and symptoms
a. Cough,
b. Sputum
c. Dyspnea, Grunting
d. Pleuritic chest pain
e. Crackles (auscultation)
f. Dullness (percussion)
g. Fever or hypothermia
h. Low or high WBC count , Fever
i. Drowsiness
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Less common signs and symptoms
a. Increased heart rate
b. Cyanosis
c. Retractions (infants and children)
d. Lung secretions
e. Dehydration
f. Anorexia
g. Behavior changes
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X-ray findings
a. Viral
b. Bacterial
c. Uncommon organism
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Treatment
1. Antibiotic therapy if applicable
2. Maintain oxygenation
3. Maintain airway clearance
4. Maintain adequate hydration
5. Monitor temperature
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Patient education
1. Hand hygiene
2. Asthma control
3. Yearly flu immunization