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Poa Control

Managing Annual Bluegrass with PGRs and Herbicides

Shawn Askew

Poa annua, the Nemesis of Golf!

Photo by: Dr. Jim Griffin, Louisiana State University

Outline • Meet the instructor

• Introduction to Poa annua and trivialis – Why such a problem?

– ID to species and biotype

• Current Control and Suppression Methods – Cultural

– PGR

– Herbicide

• New Products (Prograss SC, Tenacity, Velocity, Xonerate, Sureguard, Specticle Flo, Negate, Poacure)

Meet the Instructor

• Born in FL, raised in MS

• M.S. MS State

• PhD NC State

• Employed at Virginia Tech for 12 years

Shawn Askew, PhD Associate Professor of Turfgrass Weed Science & State Extension Specialist, Virginia Tech

Understanding Annual Bluegrass (Poa)

USGA Green Section Record March 1921

Makes Greens Management Difficult

Perennial Poa

Annual Poa

Bentgrass Dr. Shawn Askew, Virginia Tech

Winter Kill of Poa – Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. California

Ice Damage to Poa – Dr. Larry Gilhuly, USGA

Nematode damage

Photo courtesy of Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. of CA

• Stem Gall Nematode

• Anguina pacificae

Common Diseases

• Anthracnose

– Colletotrichum graminicola

• Rapid Blight

– Labyrinthula terrestris

Images courtesy of Dr. Derek Settle and Dr. Jim Baird

Insects • Annual bluegrass weevil

– Listronotus maculicollis

• Larvae feed on actively growing annual bluegrass plants

– Young larvae bore into stems and feed internally

– Older larvae feed on the crown

Images courtesy of H.D. Niemczyk

Controlling Poa Can Be Difficult

Putting green injury by

amicarbazone, recently

registered as Xonerate

Herbicide

Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. California

Poa annua Identification

Membrane Ligule Folded Vernation Two-parted Midrib

Boat-shaped Leaf Tip

Usually Flat Stem White Seedheads

Poa annua: Perennial vs Annual Types

• Density

– Annual less dense

• Leaf width

– Annual wider

• Seedheads

– Annual more seed

• Survival

– Annual dies in summer

Poa annua: Resistant Biotypes

• PS II inhibitors – Simazine, Xonerate

• Thiocarbamates – Prograss

• Ureas & Amides – Karmex

• ALS Inhibitors – Revolver, Monument, Velocity

• Dinitroanilines – Pendulum, Barricade

• Glycines – Roundup (glyphosate)

Roundup Resistant Poa Confirmed at Virginia Tech Spring 2013

Poa trivialis Identification

Membrane Ligule Compact Seedhead Stems Often Red

Only Makes Seedheads if Not Mown Circular Patches Expand via Stolons

Perennial, Returns Each Fall/Spring

“Stiff” Leaves Light Green Foliage

Poa trivialis Identification

Cultural Management- P. annua & trivialis

• Has poor drought tolerance

• Water infrequently and deep

• Improve drainage and percolation

• More competitive in shady areas (P. annua)

• Increase light to improve turf competition

• Use turfgrass that is more adapted to shade

• Reduce phosphorus fertilizer input during fall

• Reduce compaction, use walking mowers, etc.

What are the Options for Postemergence Poa annua Control on Fairways and/or Greens?

• PGR programs – Trinexapac ethyl (Primo, Tnex, etc.) – Paclobutrazol (Trimmit, Tidepaclo, etc.) – Flurprimidol (Cutless, Legacy) – Ethephon & Mefluidide for Seedhead Suppression

• Herbicides for Bentgrass/KY Bluegrass (Marketed and Experimental)

– Ethofumesate, Bispyribac sodium, Amicarbazone, Mesotrione, Methiozolin, Primisulfuron

• Herbicides for Bermudagrass/Zoysiagrass – Glyphosate, Trifloxysulfuron, Foramsulfuron, Rimsulfuron,

Flazasulfuron, Indaziflam

Poa Populations x Time

5% Poa 10% Poa 20% Poa

Poa Populations x Time

Initial

2 Yr No Trt

2 YAT + Trt

2 Yr + Trt

< 5% Control

75% Control

University Club of Kentucky Sand-based Green/PGR control of Poa study

AJ Powell, University of Kentucky

Collected April 2007, sequential treatments applied whole 2006 season

8 applications

How do PGR’s Affect Poa Populations?

Untreated

% Poa annua Cover Ratings April 2007 – 19%

Cutless 50W 8 oz/A (8x)



Trimmit 2SC 16 fl oz/A (8x)


Primo MAXX 1EC 11 fl oz/A (8x)

Selective Poa Suppression from Trimmit

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan

Days b

etw

een P

rim

o @

200 G

DD

Calculated Days Between Primo Application in Richmond Virginia from 1949 to 2005

Do you change application interval

with Trimmit?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Apr May

Tide Paclo

Trimmit

Nontreated *

* *

* *

Effect of Two Paclobutrazol Products on Poa annua Cover Over Time on Two Virginia, USA Golf Putting Greens in 2010-2011

Po

a a

nn

ua

co

ver

(%)

* * *

*

* *

* = diff. from NTC (p=0.05)

16 fl oz/A

8 fl oz/A

Maximum Poa annua Control by Paclobutrazol

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Cross et al. 2013 Johnson and Murphy 1995

McCollugh et al. 2005

Johnson and Murphy 1996

4 MALT

4 MALT

1 MALT

Pooled

Time of evaluation: MALT = Months after last treatment

Poa

ann

ua

cove

r re

du

ctio

n (

%)

Seedhead Suppression with Ethephon and Mefluidide

Virginia Tech

Seedhead Suppression

• Seedhead suppression from ethephon and mefluidide is erratic

• Growing degree models help to maximize what is still erratic control (Apply at 50 GDD at base 50 F)

• Increasing rates or application frequency can improve seedhead suppression but causes injury to putting greens – Mefluidide just plain injurious

– Ethephon can cause crown rising – scalping, root loss in hot weather

Seedhead Suppression

• Normal program is to apply once at 50 GDD50 and again 4 weeks later

• Recent research at Virginia Tech suggest better seedhead suppression is obtained from ethephon by applying the initial treatment during putting green dormancy (late winter) and follow with a 2nd and 3rd treatment at the normal timings.

Effect of PGR Programs on Turf Injury

9 23 NS 14 NS

Apr 4

Time (d after first treatment)

May 26

Inju

ry (

%)

Injury Caused by Embark

Embark

Proxy + Primo

Nontreated Check

Effect of PGR Programs on % Annual Bluegrass Seedheads

2 10 11 3 NS NS

Mar 4

Time (d after first treatment)

May 26

See

dh

ead

(%

Co

ver)

Effect of Proxy Program with & Without Early Treatment and DMI (Bayleton) on Annual Bluegrass Seedhead Cover

* * * * Denotes Early Trt. Reduced Seedheads P=0.05

More than Normal Proxy Program.

SP = Spotswood Country Club; VT = Virginia Tech Golf Course

See

dh

ead

(%

Co

ver)

Early Application Improves Seedhead Suppression from Proxy

Without Early With Early

Herbicides

Prograss (Ethofumesate)

• Not for greens, inconsistent control of Poa annua from one year to next and dependent on winter temperatures. Will not control Poa trivialis.

• Best control is achieved with three treatments per year each at 0.75 lb ai/A

(2 qt of EC or 0.75 qt 4SC) (Nov, Dec, Mar) in KY Bluegrass and Creeping bentgrass.

• Not for use in Zoysiagrass!


• Can use up to 2 lb ai/A in bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass but most common use is 2 applications at 1.1 lb ai/A (3 qt of EC or 1.1 qt of 4SC)

• Don’t apply after Jan 1 in dormant bermudagrass to avoid delayed greenup due to soil residual


Cost: $216/A or $268/A

Rate: 1.5 qt SC or 3 qt EC x 2 Use Pattern

Xonerate 1 oz x 4, $450/A

Velocity 2 oz/A 4 times, $225/A Competitors:

Tenacity (Mesotrione) Fall Treatment

• For use in KYB, Tall Fescue, and Per Rye (Best in pure KYB)

• Goal is to kill tiny Poa plants as they germinate or soon after emergence

• Start in late August

• Use rate is 2 to 4 fl oz/A

• Apply 3 or 4 treatments at 2 week intervals

• Example: 3 oz/A applied 4 times at 2 week intervals starting August 20 and ending Oct 10.

Tenacity (Mesotrione) Fall Treatment

• Recent trend is to mix with Xonerate for improved Poa control

• Best all-time mixture with Tenacity is Turflon Ester (triclopyr) as it improves efficacy on almost all target weeds and reduces whitening. Turflon does not help with Poa.

Tenacity Fall Treatment

Cost: $105/A

Rate: 3 oz/A 4 times Use Pattern

Xonerate 1 oz/A x 4, $450/A

Prograss 0.75 gal/A x 2, $270/A Competitors:

Velocity 2 oz/A x 4, $225/A

Velocity (Bispyribac sodium) • Recent bentgrass programs are stressing the use

of 2 oz/A applied weekly or every 2 weeks throughout the season

• Alternately, 2 oz/A applied twice in spring and twice in fall

• If bentgrass discoloration occurs, delay next treatment

• I’ve not tested these programs but have heard good things about them

• Velocity is not for use on putting greens

Roughstalk Bluegrass Control Over Time with Velocity – Avg. 2 Trials in 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Co

ntr

ol (

%)

Average of Summer & Fall Timings Vel 3 oz/A x 1 y = = -11.6Ln(x) + 26

R2 = 0.88

Vel 3 oz/A x 3 y = -0.5x2 + 9x + 4

R2 = 0.98

Vel 6 oz/A x 1 y = -22.Ln(x) + 58

R2 = 0.99

Vel 6 oz/A x 3 y = -0.62x2 + 10x +

29 R2 = 0.90

Pro 0.75gal x 2 y = -0.55x + 6

R2 = 0.73 Time after treatment (weeks)

Rating Poa trivialis at Fairway Mowing Height

Aug 13, 2002 @ 1st treatment

3 oz/A x 3

6 oz/A x 3

0

Aug 26, 2002 @ 2nd treatment

2

3 oz/A x 3

6 oz/A x 3

Sep 09, 2002 @ 3rd treatment

4

3 oz/A x 3

6 oz/A x 3

7

3 oz/A x 3

6 oz/A x 3

Sep 30, 2002 @ 3 wk after 3rd trt

Oct 21, 2002 @ 6 wk after 3rd trt

10

3 oz/A x 3

6 oz/A x 3

Cleaning up the 2003 Perennial Ryegrass NTEP at Virginia Tech with Velocity

Excellent safety to Ryegrass. Tall Fescue now has a supplemental label. Price is now competitive with Prograss.

Cost: $225/A


Xonerate 1 oz x 4, $450/A

Prograss 0.75 gal x 2, $270/A Competitors:

Xonerate

• Arysta LifeSciences

• Active ingredient – amicarbazone

• Virginia Tech Research is steering toward athletic fields or KY bluegrass and away from bent greens

• Label specifies 50-80F air temp for application

• Excellent POST annual bluegrass control

• Inconsistent turf injury

• Sequential apps with low rates or tank mix combos may be best program to avoid high turf injury or phase out high infestations of annual bluegrass

Xonerate

$450/A for 4 applications @ 1

oz/A each

Injury by Amicarbazone on bentgrass putting greens


Methiozolin

Amicarbazone

Methiozolin 1 oz/M

Amicarbazone 1 oz/A

Methiozolin 0.7 oz/M

Methiozolin 0.7 + Amicarbazone 1

Trimmit 16 oz/A

FeSO4

Shady Canyon Golf Club, Irvine, CA 39 DAIT

Amicarbazone caused severe injury to this putting green when sprayed in record heat 4 weekly applications at 1 oz/A each, Richmond, VA. This image was taken after 2 months of recovery. Data suggest under cooler weather,

this injury would not have happened. Use on Greens is not a standing recommendation from Dr. Askew. Use on Fairways should be planned for

times when max. air temps. are between 50 F and 80 F for one week.

Number of the Past 60 Years Max Temps are Between 50F and 80F for 1 Week Following a Given Spring Day in Richmond, VA

March 20 June 21 May 1

Number of the Past 60 Years Max Temps are Between 50F and 80F for 1 Week Following a Given Spring Day in Blacksburg, VA

March 20 June 21 May 1

Xonerate Interaction with Embark

Exploit Differential Absorption Rates

3

54

36

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Annual bluegrass Creeping Bentgrass Tall Fescue

Yu and McCullough, Univ. GA 2012

Tim

e to

50

% f

olia

r ab

sorp

tio

n (

h)

3 oz/A 3-wk x 2

3 oz/A 2-wk x 2

2 oz/A 3-wk x 2

2 oz/A 2-wk x 2

Running check

1 oz/A Weekly x 4

KY Bluegrass Fairway , Blacksburg, VA

Best Performers

New Research on KY Bluegrass Fairways

• By focusing on bentgrass uses in the early research did we overlook potentially better uses on greens approaches and in KY bluegrass & Fescue?

• Xonerate is the only herbicide available that will effectively control Poa in spring on KY bluegrass and higher-cut bentgrass and can also be used in other species of turf

• Stop killing greens! Start using Xonerate in the areas it should have been used all along!

• Regardless of the area, test Xonerate on a small scale first before spraying large areas.

Combos Currently Under Evaluation • Tenacity 4-5 oz/A + Xonerate 1.0 – 1.5 oz/A

– This mixture is great for KY bluegrass lawns, ball fields, fairways, etc. Two applications at 3-week intervals. Controls Poa and other weeds.

• Trimmit (Paclobutrazol) 4-6 oz/A + Xonerate 1 oz/A – Apply up to 4 times at weekly intervals

– Delay treatment in hot weather (above 80 F)

– More Consistent Poa control with potentially less applications with this combo

Take Home

• For use in any cool-season turf for spring Poa control • Avoid application in hot and/or dry weather to reduce

bent/blue injury • Higher rates and better safety in bermudagrass • Irrigate treated area 4 hours after treatment to

improve turf safety to bent/blue. • Standard program is 1 oz x 4 weekly, or 2 oz x 2 @ 2-3

wk in bent/blue or higher rates single apps in others • Best uses: Golf Roughs (spot and zone treat), Green

Surrounds (alternate broadcast and spot), Fairways and Tees (Consider combos with Tenacity and Trimmit)

Cost: $450/A


Velocity 2 oz x 4, $225/A

Prograss 0.75 gal x 2, $270/A Competitors:

Current major limitations to Xonerate success: Price and container size (9 oz). New formulations are under evaluation that may solve both problems.

What’s next for Poa annua control? Nick Christians – Grounds Mgt. March 2006

“Will there ever be a single herbicide that will finally solve the Poa annua problem? It is my opinion that this is very unlikely. The perfect herbicide would have to provide selective preemergence and postemergence control of the many biotypes of Poa annua and be safe for use on a variety of competing species. It is very unlikely that such a material will ever be found.”

PoaCure® 1. Identity

Structure:

Chemical name: Methiozolin

Brand name: PoaCure®

Code name: MRC-01

Chemical name: 5-(2,6-Difluoro-

benzyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-

thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole

CAS registration number: 403640-27-7

Empirical formula: C17H17F2NO2S

Molecular weight: 337.39

S

NO

O

F

F

Technical

(97%up)

Formulation

(25% EC)*

Product

UTC 0.15 fl oz/M

Methiozolin is a selective grass herbicide:

• Selectivity between broadleaved plants and grasses

• Selectivity among grasses: Turf vs. weeds (ex. Poa pratensis vs. Poa

annua)

UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2

UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2

Poa Pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) Poa Annua (Annual bluegrass)

fl oz/M

PoaCure® 2. Basic biology (1)

CK 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 fl oz/M

Kentucky bluegrass

(Poa pratensis)

Annual bluegrass

(Poa annua)

UTC 0.005 0.125 0.6 1.2 2.4 fl oz/M

Application at

the 4 leaf stage

Recommended rate

Possible rates

PoaCure® 2. Basic biology (2)

Safe to virtually all established turfgrasses: Creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass,

Perennial ryegrass, Fescues, Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass, Seashore paspalum, Kikyugrass…

x1 x2 CK x4 x8

Two weeks after application Three weeks after application

x1 x2 CK x4 x8

x1 x2 CK x4 x8 x1 x2 CK x4 x8

x1 x2 CK x4 x8 x1 x2 CK x4 x8

(0.6) (1.2) (2.4) (4.8) fl oz/M

PoaCure® 3. Turfgrass safety

Creeping

bentgrass

Kentucky

bluegrass

Zoysiagrass

(seedling)

Injury by 1X Cumyluron in Richmond, VA Demonstrates PoaCure Safety

Dr. Shawn Askew, Virginia Tech

PoaCure Cumyluron

Injury by Xonerate demonstrates PoaCure safety, California


PoaCure

Xonerate

Injury by Velocity demonstrates PoaCure safety, Blacksburg, VA

PoaCure

Velocity

Can control Poa annua from PRE to Flowering stage

fl oz/M Untreated 0.15 1.2 0.6 0.3 2.4

Untreated 1.2 0.6 0.3 2.4

Untreated 0.15 1.2

0.6 0.3 2.4

4 to 5 leaf

2 to 3 leaf

PRE

0.15

One app.

Two apps.

Untreated 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2

Untreated 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2

PoaCure® 4. Poa annua control

Mid POST

PRE to

Early

POST Late

POST

(flowering

stage)

*Pictures are from greenhouse,

non-mowing condition

0D

AA

Untreated 1.2 fl oz/M 2.4 fl oz/M

15D

AA

21D

AA

PoaCure has strong seed head suppression activity

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Headin

g r

ate

(% o

f C

ontr

ol)

Application dose(g ai/ha)

Panicle number

(1.2)

(2.4)

Panicle number of the

untreated pot (14x21cm) was

807, which was equivalent to

26,900/m2.

PoaCure® 5. Poa annua seed head suppression

POA ANNUA SEEDHEAD SUPPRESSION (2011)

SEEDHEAD SEVERITY (16 MAY 2011)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Primo +

Proxy

(200 GDD)

Primo +

Proxy

(350 GDD)

Primo +

Proxy

(500 GDD)

Embark

(300 GDD)

Embark

(400 GDD)

Embark

(500 GDD)

Methiozolin

(200 GDD)

Methiozolin

(350 GDD)

Methiozolin

(500 GDD)

Seedhead S

eve

rity

(0-10)

200 GDD = 4 April 300 GDD = 10 April 350 GDD = 14 April 400 GDD = 17 April 500 GDD = 22 April

B B

D D

C

D

C

C

AB

5 oz/M 0.75 oz/M 2.4 oz/M

POA ANNUA SEEDHEAD SUPPRESSION WITH VARIOUS PGRS AND METHIOZOLIN, 16 MAY 2011

Primo (0.125 fl oz) +

Proxy (5.0 fl oz)

Untreated

PoaCure 500 GDD

Efficacy is better with split multiple application than one application of a high

rate. The interval is 2 to 4 weeks depending on rate

Example 1: Efficacy on flowering stage Poa annua

1.2 fl oz/M 2 times > 2.4 fl oz/M 1 time

One app.

Two apps.

UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2

UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2

Example 2: Efficacy on Poa trivialis

*Poa trivilais 100% from fairways

1.2 fl oz/M 2 times > 2.4 fl oz/M 1 time

2.4 fl oz/M 2 times provided >80% control

PoaCure® 5. Split sequential application effect

*0.2 ml/m2 = 0.6 fl oz/M

Effect of PoaCure Programs on Poa Cover

2010 – 2012 (Virginia Tech Golf Course)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

14

57

87

11

9

14

9

17

9

21

0

31

8

35

2

36

7

37

9

39

9

42

0

42

7

44

2

52

9

55

2

4K 2 App

4K 4 App

4K 6 App

Ben 2 App

Nontreated Poa

cove

r (%

)

Apr 2010

Sep 2010

Apr 2011

Sep 2011

Time after initial treatment (d)

Target rate 4.8 fl oz/M/yr

Annual bluegrass cover over time at Spotswood Country Club, Harrisonburg, VA – Aggressive Spring Program

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

4-Mar 4-Apr 4-May 4-Jun 4-Jul 4-Aug 4-Sep 4-Oct 4-Nov

NTC

8 Apps

6 Apps

4 Apps

Spr./Fall

Co

ver

(%)

NS 15 11 6 11 12 9 18 10

* * * * * * * * <<Application Times

0.6

fl o

z/1

00

0 f

t2

Average Annual Bluegrass Cover on 3 Golf Putting Greens in Virginia after 2 Yr PoaCure Treatment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810

PoaCure 0.6 oz

PoaCure 0.9 oz

Nontreated

* * * *

* Treatment times

Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011

An

nu

al b

lueg

rass

co

ver

(%)

First time methiozolin was sprayed on US Soil!

Area Under the Poa annua Cover Progressive Curve over 2 Yr

0 5000

10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

Each herbicide applied 4 times (spring + Fall for 2 yr)

a a a

b c

d

e

AU

PC

Note: AUPC of 35,850 would equal average 50% Poa cover year round

PoaCure is an extremely slow-acting herbicide that provides smooth transition

of Poa-infested turf to Poa-free turf

Untreated 1.2 2.4 4.8 fl oz/M 0.6

Barely recognizable growth cessation

compared with untreated

Plant growth is completely stalled, but no

change in color

Start to show chlorosis

Complete death in the full rate or some

recovery in the low rates

In a real golf course, the efficacy

becomes complete in 4 to 12 weeks

depending on season and location.

3 Days after

application

3 Weeks after

application

4 Weeks after

application

6 Weeks after

application

PoaCure® 6. Extremely slow-acting

Effects on Perennial Biotypes of Poa annua – Penn State

PoaCure® Final Result (Oct. 11th, 2011 9WAT)

PoaCure Velocity Untreated

Bensumec not Effective, Harrisonburg, VA

PoaCure Bensumec


PGR not Effective, Harrisonburg, VA

PoaCure Paclobutrazol (Trimmit)


Other Demonstration of PoaCure Effectiveness on Greens

PoaCure® 1.2 fl oz x 2 in Spring 2012 Blacksburg CC– Blacksburg, VA

Image Taken Fall 2012

PoaCure Demo at Spotswood CC, Harrisonburg, VA 3 Fall applications at 0.6 fl oz/M to whole green in 2009

1st Whole Green Treated in US!

4 x 4 sheet of plywood

PoaCure® Fall 1 fl oz/M x 2 in Oct & Nov 2012, Pleasanton, CA

Photo taken 8/13/13

Untreated Treated

PoaCure® Fall, 3 weeks after initial treatment at 0.6 fl oz/M - Boston, MA

Treated Untreated

Grand National, AL

Photo: 3-15-2011

Non-treated

PoaCure ≈1.2 fl oz/M

Nov. 19 + Dec. 21, 2010


Nov. 19 + Dec. 9, 2010 + Mar. 3, 2011

Grand National, AL

Non-treated


6 applications Nov. 2010 – Mar. 2011

No bentgrass injury,

99 % Poa control

Grand National, AL

PGR program

Photo taken 3-15-2011


3 apps in 2009

Nov. + Dec. + Dec.

Clean for 1.5 years!

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 3 @ 2 week on PG – Muscle Shoals, AL

Photo taken 4/3/13

Untreated Treated

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 3 @ 2 week on #18 – Muscle Shoals, AL

Photo taken 4/3/13

Treated Untreated

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 3 @ 2 week in October - Oconomowoc, WI

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 3 @ 2 week in October - Oconomowoc, WI

Photo taken 5/25/13

Fall apps at 0.6 fl oz x 5,Chaparral Pines GC, Payson, AZ

PoaCure®

Spring apps at 0.6 fl oz x 4, White Beaches GCC, Haworth, NJ

PoaCure®

Untreated Treated

Treated Untreated

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 2 @ 2 week– Hallbrook CC, Kansas City, KS

Photo taken 5/30/13

Untreated Treated

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 2 @ 2 week– Hallbrook CC, Kansas city, KS

Photo taken 5/30/13

Untreated Treated

Demonstration of PoaCure Effectiveness on Tees, Fairways, & Collars

PoaCure® Fall app 1.2 x 2 @ 2 week – Baltusrol GC, Springfield, NJ

Photo taken 4/30/13

PoaCure® Fall app 1.2 x 2 @ 2 week – Baltusrol GC, Springfield, NJ

Photo taken 5/22/13

PoaCure® Fall app 1.2 x 2 @ 2 week Late in December- Stanwich Club,

Greenwich, CT

Photo taken 3/15/13

PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 3 @ 2 week –FieldStone GC, Wilmington, DE

Photo taken 3/26/13

PoaCure® Fall app 1.2x 2 @ 2 week (tee)– Kansas city, KS

Photo taken 5/30/13

Untreated Treated

PoaCure® Fall app 1.2 x 2 @ 2 week – CC of Birmingham, AL

Photo taken 4/3/13

Treated Untreated

PoaCure® Spring app 1.2 x 4 @ 2 week– Baltusrol GC, Springfield, NJ

Photo taken 5/30/13

Untreated Treated

Poa annua Control on Creeping Bentgrass Fairways

Fall, 2010 Spring, 2011

Summer, 2011 Spring, 2012

PoaCure® Kentucky Bluegrass Fairway conversion

Castle Pine GC, Korea

Current Projects at Virginia Tech

• Fairways &Poa trivialis control • Improving Putting Surface Recovery • Ball Roll Uniformity • Interaction with Proxy • EUP with EPA • Fine Tuning Greens Programs • Influence of soil saturation • Mode of Action

– Aeroponics root study – Tyrosine Amino Transferase study

Poa not treated

Poa treated 2 µm

Kentucky Bluegrass Fairway Variety Response to Methiozolin

Kentucky Bluegrass Injury as Influenced by Variety and Methiozolin Rate

0

50

100

43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22

KY

blu

egra

ss in

jury

(%

)

Variety number (1-110)

0

50

100

43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22

0

50

100

43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22

2.0 kg/ha x 2

4.0 kg/ha x 2

6.0 kg/ha x 2

LSD = 6.8

LSD = 11

LSD = 22

KYB Cover 21 WAIT following Methiozolin at 2.0 kg ai/ha Twice at Monthly Interval

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22

KY

blu

egra

ss c

ove

r (%

)


LSD = 25

KYB Cover 21 WAIT in Untreated Plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22

KY

blu

egra

ss c

ove

r (%

)


LSD = 22

PoaCure 1.0 kg X4 (Fall & Spring)

Primisulfuron X2 Spring

PoaCure 2.0 kg X2 (Fall)

Methiozolin Poa annua and Poa trivialis control trial in Blacksburg 2011-2012

May 10, 2012

Poa Species Control on KYB Fairway

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100

Poa annua

Poa trivialis

Co

ntr

ol (

%)

May 10, 2012

LSD = 20

LSD = 28

Rates kg ai/ha

Good Poa annua Control, Still Working on Poa trivialis.

Speed of Poa Control is Key Improving Putting Surface Recovery

Rapid Control Creates Voids Improving Putting Surface Recovery

End Goal is a Smooth Transition

Payson, AZ

Blacksburg, VA

Unfortunately, Smooth Transitions Don’t Always Happen

Simulated Rapid Transition Using PoaCure at 6X Rate fb 1X fb 1X

0 DAT 8 DAT 15 DAT 23 DAT

29 DAT 41 DAT 55 DAT 67 DAT

71 DAT 76 DAT 90 DAT

Improving Putting Surface Recovery Creating “voids” in pure Bentgrass to Assess Recovery

Improving Putting Surface Recovery

Photoshop Macro Created to Partition Plot Images into Areas of Interest for Digital Image Analysis

Digital image analysis SigmaScanPro Version 5.0

O DAT

94 DAT

94 DAT Sigma Scan

Effect of Methiozolin Program on Void Recovery Over Time – Tyee Green 0.125”

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

None

0.6 fl oz x 6

1.2 fl oz x 3

LSD (0.05) NS

0.5

NS

1.2

0.8

1.0

NS

NS

NS NS NS NS NS

Time after initiation (d)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

23-Mar 30-Mar 6-Apr 13-Apr 20-Apr 27-Apr 4-May 11-May 18-May 25-May 1-Jun

No Me No Me + Fert No Me + Fert + TE No Me + Bio

Me Me + Fert Me + Fert + TE Me + Bio

Bentgrass Cover as Affected by PoaCure %

Co

ver

* * * * * *

* PoaCure Applied at 0.6 fl oz/M

13 12 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

14-Apr 19-Apr 24-Apr 29-Apr 4-May 9-May 14-May 19-May 24-May 29-May 3-Jun 8-Jun 13-Jun 18-Jun

No Fert. Inc. Fert. . Fert + TE Biostimulant

Effect of Fertility, Biostimulant, & PGR on Bentgrass Recovery Following Rapid Poa Removal

% G

ree

n P

ixe

ls

18.5

15.5 11.3

3.6

NS

NS NS

Measuring Stimp Ball Roll Uniformity

Effect of PoaCure on Stimp Readings at Spotswood CC, June 3, 2011

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

8 Apps 0.6 fl oz 6 Apps 0.8 fl oz 4 Apps 1.2 fl oz 3 Apps 1.3 fl oz Nontreated

Sti

mp

(ft

)

PoaCure Treatments

A

A A A

B

Ball Roll Uniformity

Measuring Ball Roll Uniformity Ball Roll Uniformity

Measuring Ball Roll Uniformity

Nontreated (60% Poa) MRC-01 (<1% Poa)

1 m 1 m

Resting position of 17 golf balls rolled from static position

Ball Roll Uniformity

Interaction with Proxy

PoaCure 1X Rate

PoaCure 2X Rate

PoaCure 4X Rate

Nontreated

PoaCure 1X Rate + Proxy 5 oz/M



Untreated

1.2 oz/M + Proxy 5 oz/M

1.2 fl oz/M May 17, 2012

Untreated

May 17, 2012

2.4 oz/M + Proxy 5 oz/M

2.4 fl oz/M

165 EUP Participants

Desired Treatment Area

46%

2%

43%

6% 3%

Greens

Green Surrounds

Greens + Surrounds

Fairways

Tees

N=163 Respondents

Desired Acres to Treat (1 to 6)

16%

10%

18%

21%

7%

28% 1

2

3

4

5

6

N=164 Respondents

Total Requested Acres = 621 Total Submitted to EPA = 880

Greens Construction

10%

68%

10%

12%

California Style (USGA mix over soil)

USGA Spec. mix over gravel

Push Up (native soil)

Push UP (modified)

N=164 Golf Courses

Bentgrass Cultivars on Greens

5 5 5 5

5 7

9

9

10

10

20

20 26

50

26 Tyee

G-2

Crenshaw

Dominant Extreme

SR1020

Providence

"007"

Dominant Plus

T-1

Pennlinks

L-93

Penncross

A-1

A-4

Other

N=141 Respondents

Number of Courses per Cultivar

Principal Components of Survey Data

Component 1 (14.1%)

Co

mp

on

ent

2 (

12

.7%

)

Loading Factors of Principle Components

Variable PC 1 (14.1%) PC 2 (12.7%)

Lat -0.11501 0.55231

Long -0.03469 0.58338

Green_age 0.75609 0.17597

Green_type 0.50784 0.28469

Mow_ht 0.28308 0.05882

AvgGreenSize -0.35044 -0.06686

MowPerWeek -0.0263 0.34093

pH -0.19325 -0.3013

OM 0.34017 -0.27551

CEC 0.49509 -0.11515

Infiltration -0.70466 0.19997

MaxThatch -0.0634 -0.3696

NperYear -0.12667 -0.32115

NoRounds 0.08483 -0.65651

Effect of Putting Green Age on Annual Bluegrass Cover (First 15 Years)

y = 2.22x + 3.25 R² = 0.95

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

An

nu

al b

lueg

rass

co

ver

(%)

Putting green age (yr) N = 107

Effect of Putting Green Mowing Height on Percentage of Poa that is Perennial

y = -0.0141x2 + 2.8317x - 100.71 R² = 0.8193

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Pere

nn

ial B

ioty

pe

(%)

Green mowing height (thousandths IN) N = 163

Some Things We Currently Know about PoaCure

• It works • It is safer than anything else that has ever worked • Primary activity from root absorbed (Xylem mobile) • Fall apps more effective than spring • Higher height of cut = higher rate needed • Sand-based green = higher rate/more frequent

application to get same control as “Pushup” • Mechanical stress increases response • Cold stress may increase response • Saturated conditions may increase response • Don’t use in conjunction with Proxy

Please check our website, you will find the most recent

updates on PoaCure research from different regions

of the United States

• www.moghu.com/en/index

• Twitter @ MoghuUSA

Any questions regarding PoaCure, please feel free to contact

PoaCure development manager - Kyung Han

• [email protected]

717-350-9829

PoaCure® Contact Us

Moghu USA, LLC

Say Hello, when you see this license plate!

A Word from the Company

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

PoaCure® Say Hello, when you see this license plate!

Korea:

• Launched in April 2010

• 2010: 65 golf courses, >1,000 acres used (Total course #: ~300)

• 2011: 101 golf courses, ~3,000 acres used

• 2012: 125 golf courses, ~15,000 acres used

Japan:

• Registration submission in 2012

• Full registration and commercial launch planned in 2014

USA:

• 2009: VA Tech, Auburn University

• 2010: + Rutgers, PSU, UCR

• 2011~: Research in 20 State Universities, 3 dedicated graduate students

(VT, Auburn and UCR), demonstrations in ~40 prestigious golf courses

• EUP submitted in November 2012 (>160 courses participate); Approval

expected in April 2014

• Full registration and commercial launch planned in 2016

PoaCure® Development Status

PoaCure® PoaCure for Spring, 2013 in Korea

So What Will it Cost? (Don’t hold me to this!)

• Convert Greens (6 apps at 0.6 fl oz/M)

– $2500 per acre per year or less

• Maintain Greens (2 apps at 0.6 fl oz/M)

– $800 per acre per year

poa controlsaskew/askew_poa_pgr_herbicide.pdf · poa control managing annual bluegrass with pgrs...

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