pocket atlas of sectional anatomy - computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; volume i -...

Pocket Atlas ofSectional AnatomyComputed Tomographyand Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Volume IHead and Neck

Torsten B. Moeller, MDDepartment of RadiologyCaritas HospitalDillingen, Germany

Emil Reif, MDDepartment of RadiologyCaritas HospitalDillingen, Germany

Third edition, revised and updated

413 illustrations

ThiemeStuttgart · New York


IV

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData is available from the publisher.

This book is an authorized and revisedtranslation of the German 3rd edition pub-lished and copyrighted 2005 by GeorgThieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title ofthe German edition: Taschenatlas derSchnittbildanatomie. Computertomographieund Kernspintomographie. Band I: Kopf,Hals

Translator: Barbara Herzberger, MD,Munich, GermanyIllustrator: Barbara Gay, Stuttgart, Germany

1st German edition 19931st English edition 19941st Japanese edition 19941st Greek edition 19951st Spanish edition 19951st German edition 19971st French edition 19992nd English edition 20002nd Japanese edition 20002nd French edition 20012nd Spanish edition 20012nd Greek edition 20021st Portuguese edition (for Brazil) 20023rd German edition 2005

© 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KGRüdigerstraße 14,70469 Stuttgart, Germanyhttp://www.thieme.deThieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue,New York, NY 10001, USAhttp://www.thieme.com

Cover design: Thieme VerlagsgruppeTypesetting by primustype R. Hurler GmbH,73274 NotzingenPrinted in Germany by Appl Aprinta Druck,Wemding

ISBN 10: 3-13-125503-x (GTV)ISBN 13: 978-3-13-125503-7 (GTV)ISBN 10: 1-58890-475-x (TNY)ISBN 13: 978-1-58890-475-1 (TNY)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continualdevelopment. Research and clinical ex-perience are continually expanding ourknowledge, in particular our knowledgeof proper treatment and drug therapy.Insofar as this book mentions any dosageor application, readers may rest assuredthat the authors, editors, and publishershave made every effort to ensure thatsuch references are in accordance withthe state of knowledge at the time ofproduction of the book.Nevertheless, this does not involve, im-ply, or express any guarantee or respons-ibility on the part of the publishersin respect to any dosage instructions andforms of applications stated in the book.Every user is requested to examinecarefully the manufacturers’ leafletsaccompanying each drug and to check, ifnecessary in consultation with a physi-cian or specialist, whether the dosageschedules mentioned therein or thecontraindications stated by the manu-facturers differ from the statementsmade in the present book. Such exami-nation is particularly important withdrugs that are either rarely used or havebeen newly released on the market.Every dosage schedule or every form ofapplication used is entirely at the user’sown risk and responsibility. The authorsand publishers request every user toreport to the publishers any discrepan-cies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors inthis work are found after publication,errata will be posted at www.thieme.comon the product description page. Someof the product names, patents, andregistered designs referred to in thisbook are in fact registered trademarks orproprietary names even though specificreference to this fact is not always madein the text. Therefore, the appearance ofa name without designation as proprie-tary is not to be construed as a repre-sentation by the publisher that it is inthe public domain.This book, including all parts thereof, islegally protected by copyright. Any use,exploitation, or commercialization out-side the narrow limits set by copyrightlegislation, without the publisher’s con-sent, is illegal and liable to prosecution.This applies in particular to photostatreproduction, copying, mimeographing,preparation of microfilms, and electro-nic data processing and storage.


www.thieme.de

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V

Dedicated in love and gratitudeto our parents,Alfred and Friedel Moeller andEmil and Edith Reif.


VII

Preface

This book presents the basic anatomy needed to interpret modern sec-tional images.In making a diagnosis from sectional images, even experienced diagnos-ticians must adapt their thinking to the sectional portrayal of anatomicfeatures. The Pocket Atlas of Sectional Anatomy aims to facilitate thisprocess by presenting the two modalities that have the greatest practicalimportance in modern sectional imaging: computed tomography andmagnetic resonance imaging.The importance of these modalities rests partly on their high resolution.Somany of the images were produced with 3-tesla instruments.Wewishto express our gratitude to the manufacturers, Siemens and Philips.We have attempted to provide vivid, comprehensive coverage of sectio-nal anatomic details while still making the book compact and easy to use.The four-color illustrations were considered an essential part of this goalto maintain clarity despite the quantity of information.The contents of the three volumes (I: Head and Neck, II: Chest andAbdomen, and III: Musculoskeletal System), which comprise a unit,follow a strict format in which each CT or MR image is accompanied bya correlative color diagram and a reduced-scale schematic drawingindicating the level of the section. This format conveys maximum infor-mation in a minimum of space.All the images were obtained in patients or volunteers. We wish toexpress our special gratitude for the production of the images to ourradiolologic technologists, Monika Baumann, Silke Koehl, Sabine Mattil,Stefanie Mueller, Heike Philippi, Brigitte Schild, and Petra Weber, as wellas to Birgit Reuter andMarion Hellinger from the Siemensmanufacturingcenter. We sincerely thank our fellow physicians, Nadine Dillinger, HeikeRingling, Sigrid Roth, and especially Simone Zenner, for their helpfuldiscussions and suggestions.

Torsten B. MoellerEmil Reif


VIII

Contents

Cranial CTCranial CT—Axial (Canthomeatal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Cranial CT—Vascular Territories (Axial) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Cranial CT—Neurofunctional Systems (Axial) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28CT of the Petrous Part of Temporal Bone—Axial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Cranial CT—Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Spaces in the Facial Skeleton—Coronal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Cranial MRICranial MRI—Axial (Horizontal Plane). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Cranial MRI—Vascular Territories (Axial) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Cranial MRI—Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Cranial MRI—Vascular Territories (Sagittal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Cranial MRI—Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Cranial MRI—Vascular Territories (Coronal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Cranial MRI—Neurofunctional Systems (Coronal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Cranial MR Angiography—Arterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Cranial MR Angiography—Venous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

NeckNeck—Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Cervical Lymph Nodes—Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Cervical Spaces—Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Larynx—Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Neck—Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Cervical Spaces—Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Neck—Coronal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249


Cranial CT—Axial

Cranial CT—Coronal

Cranial MRI—Axial

Cranial MRI—Sagittal

Cranial MRI—Coronal

Neck—Axial

Neck—Sagittal

Neck—Coronal


2 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe


Axial (Canthomeatal) 3

2

12

14

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

4

6

810

1 Frontal bone2 Superior frontal gyrus3 Coronal suture4 Precentral sulcus5 Falx cerebri6 Precentral gyrus7 Parietal bone

8 Paracentral lobule9 Central sulcus10 Postcentral gyrus11 Superior parietal lobule12 Precuneus13 Sagittal suture14 Superior sagittal sinus


4 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Coronal suture5 Falx cerebri6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Longitudinal cerebral fissure8 Precentral sulcus9 Precentral gyrus10 Central sulcus

11 Cerebral white matter(semioval center)

12 Postcentral gyrus13 Paracentral lobule14 Supramarginal gyrus15 Parietal bone16 Inferior parietal lobule17 Precuneus18 Parieto-occipital sulcus19 Occipital bone


2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

18

19


6 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior frontal gyrus3 Falx cerebri4 Middle frontal gyrus5 Cingulate sulcus6 Coronal suture7 Pericallosal

artery8 Precentral gyrus9 Corona radiata10 Central sulcus11 Corpus callosum

12 Postcentral gyrus13 Lateral ventricle (choroid plexus)14 Postcentral sulcus15 Parietal bone16 Supramarginal gyrus17 Precuneus18 Angular gyrus19 Parieto-occipital sulcus20 Occipital gyri21 Cuneus22 Occipital bone23 Superior sagittal sinus


2

4

6

8

1012

1416

18

20

22

1

3

5

7

9

1113

15

17

19

21

23


8 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Falx cerebri3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Middle frontal gyrus5 Inferior frontal gyrus6 Cingulate gyrus7 Corpus callosum (trunk)8 Lateral ventricle (anterior horn)9 Caudate nucleus (head)10 Precentral gyrus11 Central sulcus12 Corona radiata13 Postcentral gyrus14 Claustrum15 Thalamus16 Lateral sulcus17 Temporal operculum

18 Insula19 Caudate nucleus (tail)20 Superior temporal gyrus21 Corpus callosum (splenium)22 Fornix23 Cingulum24 Lateral ventricle (collateral trigone,

choroid plexus)25 Straight sinus26 Great cerebral vein (vein of Galen)27 Parietal bone28 Parieto-occipital sulcus29 Occipital gyri30 Cuneus31 Superior sagittal sinus32 Striate cortex33 Occipital bone


1

3

57

91113

15

1719

21232527

29

31

33

2

4

68

1012

141618

2022242628

30

32


10 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum



33

1

35

79

1113

151719

212325272931

37

39

38

2

46

81012

14161820222426

2830323436

40

41

35

5

1 Frontal bone2 Frontal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Middle frontal gyrus5 Falx cerebri6 Caudate nucleus (head)7 Cingulate gyrus8 Inferior frontal gyrus9 Corpus callosum (genu)10 Internal capsule (anterior limb)11 Lateral ventricle (anterior horn)12 Third ventricle13 Central sulcus14 Precentral gyrus15 Fornix16 Postcentral gyrus17 Interventricular foramen

(foramen of Monro)18 Lateral sulcus19 Claustrum20 Insular arteries in the cistern of

lateral cerebral fossa (insularcistern)

21 Internal capsule (posterior limb)22 Insula23 Thalamus24 Globus pallidus (pallidum)25 Pineal gland26 Putamen27 Caudate nucleus (tail)28 Transverse temporal gyrus29 Internal cerebral vein30 Hippocampus31 Vermis of cerebellum32 Lateral ventricle (trigone with

choroid plexus)33 Straight sinus34 Middle temporal gyrus35 Parietal bone36 Parieto-occipital sulcus37 Superior sagittal sinus38 Occipital gyri39 Occipital bone40 Striate cortex41 Occipital pole


12 Cranial CT

Frontallappen

Temporallappen

Okzipitallappen

Zerebellum

Mesenzephalon

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon



40

39

1

3

5

79

11

13

1517

1921232527

29313335

37

2

4

6

810

1214

161820222426283032343638

41

1 Frontal bone2 Frontal sinus3 Falx cerebri4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Cingulate gyrus6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Corpus callosum (genu)8 Lateral ventricle (anterior horn)9 Internal capsule (anterior limb)10 Caudate nucleus (head)11 Parietal bone12 Inferior frontal gyrus13 External capsule14 Putamen15 Septum verum

(precommissural septum)16 Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa

(insular cistern)17 Hypothalamus18 Internal capsule (genu)19 Third ventricle20 Claustrum

21 Superior temporal gyrus22 Extreme capsule23 Temporal bone24 Globus pallidus (pallidum)25 Geniculate body26 Internal capsule (posterior limb)27 Hippocampus28 Thalamus29 Parahippocampal gyrus30 Pineal gland (calcified)31 Tentorium cerebelli32 Quadrigeminal plate (colliculus)33 Vermis of cerebellum34 Quadrigeminal

and ambient cisterns35 Straight sinus36 Middle temporal gyrus37 Superior sagittal sinus38 Lateral ventricle (trigone)39 Occipital bone40 Parietal bone41 Occipital gyri


14 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon


1 Frontal bone2 Frontal sinus3 Falx cerebri4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Cingulate gyrus6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Inferior frontal gyrus8 Anterior cerebral artery9 Striatum (inferior portion)10 Lateral sulcus (insular cistern)11 Insula12 Insular arteries13 Optic tract14 Superior temporal gyrus15 Hypothalamus16 Third ventricle17 Cerebral peduncle18 Parietal bone19 Lateral ventricle

(temporal horn)

20 Interpeduncular cistern21 Middle temporal gyrus22 Hippocampus23 Parahippocampal gyrus24 Ambient cistern25 Mesencephalon (quadrigeminal

plate)26 Aqueduct27 Inferior temporal gyrus28 Quadrigeminal cistern29 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus30 Vermis of cerebellum

(superior portion)31 Parieto-occipital sulcus32 Tentorium cerebelli33 Superior sagittal sinus34 Straight sinus35 Occipital bone36 Occipital gyri


35

13

5

7

9

1113151719

21232527

29

31

33 36

2

4

68

1012141618

202224

2628303234


16 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Pons


1 Frontal sinus2 Frontal bone3 Falx cerebri4 Orbital gyri5 Straight gyrus6 Anterior cerebral artery7 Anterior communicating artery8 Internal carotid artery9 Superior temporal gyrus10 Middle temporal gyrus11 Middle cerebral artery12 Posterior communicating

artery13 Optic chiasm14 Amygdaloid body15 Pituitary stalk16 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)17 Dorsum sellae

18 Hippocampus19 Pentagon of basal cisterns20 Inferior temporal gyrus21 Posterior cerebral artery22 Parahippocampal gyrus23 Tentorium cerebelli24 Basilar artery and basal sulcus25 Pons26 Sigmoid sinus27 Cerebellar peduncle (middle)28 Fourth ventricle29 Dentate nucleus30 Vermis of cerebellum (superior

part)31 Temporal bone32 Confluence of the sinuses33 Cerebellar hemisphere34 Transverse sinus35 Occipital bone


1

3

5

7

911

1315171921232527

2931

33

35 34

2

4

6810

121416182022242628

30

32


18 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Pons


1 Frontal bone2 Frontal sinus3 Straight gyrus4 Temporal muscle5 Orbital gyri6 Roof of orbit7 Superior temporal gyrus8 Optic nerve9 Internal carotid artery10 Pituitary gland11 Middle temporal gyrus12 Dorsum sellae13 Parahippocampal gyrus14 Basilar artery15 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)16 Inferior temporal gyrus

17 Trigeminal nerve (V)18 Trochlear nerve19 Pontine cistern20 Mastoid antrum21 Tentorium cerebelli22 Fourth ventricle23 Pons24 Temporal bone25 Cerebellar peduncle26 Vermis of cerebellum27 Sigmoid sinus28 Cerebellar hemisphere29 Dentate nucleus30 Occipital sinus31 Occipital bone32 Semispinalis capitis muscle


29

1

3

5

79

1113151719

212325

27

31

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30


20 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Pons


1 Frontal bone2 Frontal sinus3 Superior oblique muscle4 Eyeball5 Ophthalmic vein6 Superior rectus muscle7 Straight gyrus and olfactory

bulb8 Retro-orbital fatty tissue9 Temporal muscle10 Optic nerve11 Sphenoidal sinus12 Sphenoidal bone13 Inferior temporal gyrus14 Superior orbital fissure15 Trigeminal nerve (ganglion)16 Internal carotid artery17 Pontine cistern

18 Cavernous sinus19 Mastoid antrum20 Basilar artery21 Pons22 Pontocerebellar cistern23 Middle and inferior cerebellar

peduncle24 Internal auditory meatus with facial

(VII) and vestibulocochlear/acoustic(VIII) nerves

25 Sigmoid sinus26 Mastoid process with mastoid cells27 Vermis of cerebellum28 Fourth ventricle29 Occipital sinus30 Cerebellar hemisphere31 Occipital bone32 Semispinalis capitis muscle


29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

31

32

24

68

101214

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30


22 Cranial CT

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Pons


1 Eyeball2 Superior oblique muscle3 Lacrimal gland4 Ethmoidal cells5 Zygomatic bone6 Medial rectus muscle7 Optic nerve8 Lateral rectus muscle of eyeball9 Sphenoidal bone10 Superior rectus muscle11 Temporal muscle12 Sphenoidal sinus13 Temporal bone14 Temporal lobe (base)15 Clivus16 Temporomandibular joint and

head of mandible17 Basilar artery18 Internal carotid artery

19 External auditory meatus andeardrum (tympanic membrane)

20 Tympanic cavity21 Pons22 Abducent nerve (VI)23 Flocculus24 Anterior inferior cerebellar artery25 Mastoid process and mastoid cells26 Glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)

nerves27 Sigmoid sinus28 Medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)29 Splenius capitis muscle30 Cerebellar hemisphere31 Occipital bone32 Occipital sinus33 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle34 Semispinalis capitis muscle


29

1

3

57

911

13

15

171921

232527

33

32

2

4

68

10

12

14

16

18

2022

2426

2830

31

34


24 Cranial CT

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata



29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

151719

21

23

25

27

33

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

1416

1820222426

2830

31

34

36

383537

1 Nasal bone2 Eyeball3 Medial rectus muscle4 Nasal septum5 Ethmoidal cells6 Zygomatic bone7 Pterygopalatine fossa8 Inferior rectus muscle9 Occipital bone (basilar part)10 Temporal muscle11 Foramen ovale with

mandibular nerve12 Sphenoidal sinus13 Temporal bone (apex of the

petrous pyramid)14 Zygomatic arch15 Internal carotid artery16 Masseter muscle17 Jugular vein (bulb)18 Lateral pterygoid muscle

(superior head)

19 External auditory meatus20 Auditory tube21 Medulla oblongata22 Head of mandible23 Mastoid process24 Foramen lacerum25 Sigmoid sinus26 Vertebral arteries27 Petro-occipital fissure28 Flocculus29 Cerebellar tonsil30 Digastric muscle31 Splenius capitis muscle32 Cerebellar hemisphere (caudal lobe)33 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle34 Cisterna magna (posterior cerebello-

medullary cistern)35 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle36 Occipital bone37 Semispinalis capitis muscle38 Trapezius muscle


26 Cranial CT

Anterior cerebral arteryTerminal branches

Middle cerebral artery

Terminal branches

Central branches (striate branches)

Posterior cerebral arteryTerminal branches

Central branches (including theposterior communicating artery)

Anterior choroidal artery


Vascular Territories (Axial) 27



Middle cerebral arteryTerminal branches





Superior cerebellar artery

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Border region


28 Cranial CT





Basilar arteryAnteromedial and anterolateralparamedian branchesCircumferential arteries andLateral and dorsal paramedianbranches


Anterior superior cerebellar artery

Border region

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery


Neurofunctional Systems (Axial) 29

2

1

2

Optic tract

Oculomotor nucleus andpathways

Sensory system

Motor system

Mesencephalic nucleus oftrigeminal nerve

Spinothalamic tract

Medial lemniscal tract

Speech center(1 = motor, 2 = sensory)


30 CT of the Petrous Part of Temporal Bone

1

2

2

1

Frontal

Occipital

MedialLateral


Axial 31

1

5

7

8

2

3

6

4

1

10

13

15

5

1211

9

14

16

17

6

2

1 Temporomandibular joint (gle-noid roof and articular disc)

2 Pharyngotympanic tube (audito-ry tube)

3 Internal carotid artery4 External acoustic meatus5 Facial canal6 Internal jugular vein7 Mastoid process8 Sigmoid sinus

9 Carotid canal10 Malleus (handle)11 Tensor tympani muscle (canal)12 Middle ear13 Incus (long limb)14 Cochlea (basal turn)15 Sinus tympani16 Vestibular aqueduct17 Round window



3

4

4

3

Frontal

Occipital

MedialLateral


Axial 33

2

5

8

10

3

1

4

6

3

7

9

11

13

15

18

124

1

14

16

17

19

4

1 Internal carotid artery (canal)2 Malleus (handle)3 Incus (long limb)4 Cochlea5 Stapes6 Oval window7 Sinus tympani8 Facial canal9 Internal jugular vein (bulb)10 Mastoid

11 Epitympanic recess12 Malleus (head)13 Incus (short limb)14 Internal acoustic meatus15 Aditus to mastoid antrum16 Vestibule17 Posterior semicircular canal18 Mastoid antrum19 Lateral semicircular canal



5

6

6

5

Frontal

Occipital

MedialLateral


1 Geniculate ganglion2 Facial nerve (first part)3 Facial nerve (second part)4 Internal acoustic meatus5 Tympanic cavity6 Vestibule

7 Posterior semicircular canal8 Mastoid antrum9 Lateral semicircular canal10 Sigmoid sinus11 Anterior (superior) semicircular canal12 Mastoid cells

Axial 35

1

5

8

10

3

2

4

6

5

7

9

4

7

6

11

12


36 Cranial CT

1

2

1 2


1 Frontal bone2 Cribriform plate3 Crista galli4 Roof of orbit5 Frontal sinus6 Zygomatic process7 Supraorbital notch8 Orbital plate9 Nasal cavity10 Anterior ethmoidal cells11 Maxillary sinus12 Nasal septum13 Inferior nasal concha14 Vomer15 Inferior nasal meatus

16 Alveolar process of maxilla17 Ethmoidal notch18 Ethmoidal bone (cribriform plate)19 Superior nasal concha20 Frontozygomatic suture21 Orbital plate of ethmoidal labyrinth22 Ethmoidal cells (middle)23 Maxillary hiatus24 Middle nasal concha25 Infraorbital foramen26 Middle nasal meatus27 Uncinate process28 Hard palate29 Inferior nasal concha30 Maxilla (alveolar process)

Coronal 37

15

1357

911

13

16

2

46810

12

14

29

17

1

1921

271213

2325

30 15

18

4

20

26911

22

24

28


38 Cranial CT

3

4

3 4


Coronal 39

15

13579

1113

16

2468

1012

14

1719

29

21

274

13

2325

31

30

18

6

20

26

932

22

24

2811

33

10

1 Frontal bone2 Sphenoidal sinus (recess)3 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)4 Infundibulum of orbit5 Ethmoidal cells (posterior)6 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)7 Middle nasal concha8 Superior nasal concha9 Inferior orbital fissure10 Zygomatic bone11 Nasal cavity (common nasal

meatus)12 Nasal septum (perpendicular

palate)13 Maxillary sinus14 Inferior nasal meatus15 Inferior nasal concha16 Palatine bone (horizontal plane)17 Maxilla (alveolar process)

18 Parietal bone19 Inferior nasal concha (caver-

nous body)20 Squamous suture21 Sphenoid bone (roof of splenoid

sinus)22 Temporal bone (squamous part)23 Optic canal24 Sphenoidal sinus with septum25 Superior orbital fissure26 Foramen rotundum of sphenoi-

dal bone27 Sphenosquamous suture28 Mandible (body and ramus)29 Pterygoid canal30 Ethmoidal bone (nasal septum)31 Pterygopalatine fossa32 Pterygoid process33 Soft palate


40 Cranial CT


1 Parietal bone2 Sella turcica3 Squamous suture4 Anterior clinoid process

(sphenoidal bone)5 Temporal bone (squamous

part)6 Temporal muscle7 Sphenoidal sinus8 Temporal bone (with articular

tubercle)9 Sphenosquamous suture

10 Sphenoidal bone11 Zygomatic arch12 Pterygoid process (medial plate)13 Lateral pterygoid muscle14 Pterygoid fossa15 Pharyngeal tonsil16 Pterygoid process (lateral plate)17 Nasopharynx18 Masseter muscle19 Soft palate20 Oropharynx (isthmus of fauces)21 Medial pterygoid muscle

Coronal 41

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


42 Spaces in the Facial Skeleton

1 vordere Schädelgruppe (Fossa cranii anterior)

2 Rhinobasis

3 Orbita (Augenhöhle)

4 Nasenhöhle (Cavum nasi)

5 Sinus maxillaris (Oberkieferhöhle)

6 Spatium buccale

1 Anterior cranial fossa

2 Base of the nose

3 Orbital cavity

4 Nasal cavity

5 Maxillary sinus

6 Buccal space

1 Anterior cranial fossa

2 Base of the nose

3 Orbital cavity

4 Nasal cavity

5 Maxillary sinus

6 Buccal space


Coronal 43

7

8

6

9

6 Spatium buccale

7 mittlere Schädelgruppe (Fossa cranii media)

8 Fossa infratemporalis

9 Fossa pterygoplatina

10 Fossa pterygoidea

11 Mastikatorraum

6 Buccal space

7 Middle cranial fossa

8 Infratemporal fossa

9 Pterygopalatine fossa

10 Pterygoid fossa

11 Masticatory space

6 Buccal space

7 Middle cranial fossa

8 Infratemporal fossa

9 Pterygopalatine fossa

10 Pterygoid fossa

11 Masticatory space

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44 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Longitudinal cerebral fissure4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Supratrochlear artery (postero-

medial)6 Superior frontal sulcus7 Coronal suture8 Middle frontal gyrus9 Cerebral white matter

(semioval center)

10 Precentral sulcus11 Parietal bone12 Precentral gyrus13 Paracentral lobule14 Central sulcus15 Superior parietal lobule16 Postcentral gyrus17 Precuneus18 Falx cerebri19 Sagittal suture

Axial (Horizontal Plane) 45

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46 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri5 Supratrochlear artery

(mediomedial)6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Longitudinal cerebral fissure8 Inferior frontal gyrus9 Callosomarginal artery10 Coronal suture11 Cingulate sulcus12 Precentral sulcus13 Cerebral white matter

(semioval center)

14 Precentral gyrus15 Cingulate gyrus and cingulum16 Central sulcus (fissure of Rolando)17 Parietal bone18 Postcentral gyrus19 Supramarginal gyrus20 Postcentral sulcus21 Paracentral branches of

callosomarginal artery22 Precuneus23 Angular gyrus24 Parieto-occipital sulcus25 Sagittal suture


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48 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Superior cerebral vein5 Supratrochlear (mediomedial)

artery6 Longitudinal cerebral fissure7 Middle frontal gyrus8 Coronal suture9 Callosomarginal artery10 Parietal bone11 Inferior frontal gyrus12 Cingulate gyrus and cingulum13 Precentral sulcus

14 Cerebral white matter(semioval center)

15 Precentral gyrus16 Supramarginal gyrus17 Central sulcus18 Precuneus19 Postcentral gyrus20 Angular gyrus21 Postcentral sulcus22 Falx cerebri23 Parieto-occipital sulcus24 Occipital bone25 Occipital gyri26 Lambdoid suture


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50 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior cerebral vein4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Longitudinal cerebral fissure6 Falx cerebri7 Coronal suture8 Middle frontal gyrus9 Callosomarginal artery10 Inferior frontal gyrus11 Pericallosal artery12 Precentral sulcus13 Cingulate gyrus and cingulum14 Precentral gyrus

15 Lateral ventricle (central part)16 Central sulcus17 Corona radiata18 Postcentral gyrus19 Parietal bone20 Postcentral sulcus21 Precuneus22 Supramarginal gyrus23 Lambdoid suture24 Angular gyrus25 Occipital bone26 Parieto-occipital sulcus27 Occipital gyri


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52 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe


1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Falx cerebri4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Longitudinal cerebral6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Cingulate sulcus8 Inferior frontal gyrus9 Coronal suture10 Head of caudate nucleus11 Pericallosal artery12 Precentral gyrus13 Cingulate gyrus14 Central sulcus15 Corpus callosum (genu)16 Postcentral gyrus17 Lateral ventricle18 Lateral sulcus

19 Corona radiata20 Parietal bone21 Choroid plexus22 Supramarginal gyrus23 Fornix24 Lateral sulcus (posterior ramus)25 Corpus callosum, splenium26 Major forceps (occipital forceps)27 Inferior sagittal sinus28 Parieto-occipital sulcus29 Precuneus30 Angular gyrus31 Parieto-occipital artery32 Occipital gyri33 Cuneus34 Lambdoid suture35 Occipital bone


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54 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Falx cerebri4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Cingulate sulcus6 Cingulate gyrus

7 Pericallosal artery8 Middle frontal gyrus9 Corpus callosum (genu)10 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)11 Head of caudate nucleus12 Inferior frontal gyrus



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13 Coronal suture14 Fornix (column)15 Internal capsule (anterior limb)16 Precentral gyrus17 Cave of septum pellucidum18 Central sulcus19 Internal capsule (genu)20 Postcentral gyrus21 Interventricular foramen

(foramen of Monro)22 Putamen23 Internal cerebral vein24 External capsule25 Claustrum26 Extreme capsule27 Internal capsule (posterior

limb)28 Lateral sulcus29 Thalamus

30 Insula31 Third ventricle (suprapineal recess)32 Transverse temporal gyrus33 Choroid plexus in trigone of posterior

horn of lateral ventricle34 Superior temporal gyrus35 Great cerebral vein36 Tail of caudate nucleus37 Angular gyrus38 Corpus callosum, splenium39 Parietal bone40 Major forceps (occipital forceps)41 Lambdoid suture42 Parieto-occipital sulcus43 Occipital gyri44 Cuneus45 Precuneus46 Occipital bone


56 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Falx cerebri4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Cingulate gyrus

6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Pericallosal artery8 Coronal suture9 Corpus callosum (genu)10 Inferior frontal gyrus



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11 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)12 Circular sulcus of insula13 Head of caudate nucleus14 Lateral sulcus15 Internal capsule (anterior limb)16 Precentral gyrus17 Cave of septum pellucidum18 Central sulcus19 Globus pallidus20 Postcentral gyrus21 Insula22 Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa

(insular cistern)23 Fornix (column)24 Insular arteries25 Interventricular foramen

(foramen of Monro)26 Third ventricle27 Claustrum28 Thalamus

29 Putamen30 Superior temporal gyrus31 Extreme capsule32 Internal cerebral vein33 External capsule34 Tail of caudate nucleus35 Choroid plexus in trigone of posterior

horn of lateral ventricle36 Great cerebral vein37 Corpus callosum, splenium38 Straight sinus39 Middle temporal gyrus40 Parieto-occipital sulcus41 Parietal bone42 Lambdoid suture43 Occipital gyri44 Cuneus45 Occipital bone46 Striate cortex


58 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Falx cerebri4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Cingulate gyrus

6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Anterior cerebral artery8 Coronal suture9 Lateral ventricle

(frontal horn)



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10 Parietal bone11 Inferior frontal gyrus12 Cave of septum pellucidum13 Corpus callosum14 Internal capsule (anterior limb)15 Head of caudate nucleus16 Lateral sulcus17 Fornix18 Insula19 Pallidum20 Insular arteries21 Extreme capsule22 Superior temporal gyrus23 External capsule24 Insular cistern25 Claustrum26 Temporal bone27 Putamen28 Epiphysis of cerebrum

29 Thalamus30 Hippocampus31 Third ventricle32 Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus33 Internal cerebral vein and

great cerebral vein34 Superior cerebellar cistern35 Choroid plexus in trigone of posterior

horn of lateral ventricle36 Middle temporal gyrus37 Parieto-occipital artery38 Parietal bone39 Tentorium cerebelli40 Lambdoid suture41 Straight sinus42 Occipital gyri43 Cuneus44 Occipital bone45 Striate cortex


60 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

1 Frontal bone2 Superior frontal gyrus3 Cingulate gyrus4 Falx cerebri5 Anterior cerebral artery

6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Inferior frontal gyrus8 Head of caudate nucleus9 Lateral sulcus10 Internal capsule (anterior limb)



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11 Insula12 Putamen13 Superior temporal gyrus14 External capsule15 Insular arteries16 Claustrum17 Globus pallidus (lateral and

medial segments)18 Fornix19 Extreme capsule20 Anterior commissure21 Internal capsule (posterior

limb)22 Interthalamic adhesion23 Thalamus24 Third ventricle25 Posterior commissure26 Medial and lateral geniculate

body

27 Middle temporal gyrus28 Hippocampus29 Ambient cistern30 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)31 inferior colliculus32 Basal vein33 Quadrigeminal cistern34 Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus35 Vermis of superior cerebellar lobe36 Inferior temporal gyrus37 Temporal bone38 Tentorium cerebelli39 Straight sinus40 Occipital gyri41 Lambdoid suture42 Striate cortex43 Occipital bone44 Superior sagittal sinus45 Occipital pole


62 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon



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404

4241

1 Frontal sinus2 Superior frontal gyrus3 Frontal bone4 Falx cerebri5 Optic tract6 Cingulate gyrus7 Circular sulcus of insula8 Middle frontal gyrus9 Lateral sulcus10 Anterior cerebral artery11 Insular arteries12 Subcallosal cortex13 Superior temporal gyrus14 Insula15 Amygdaloid body16 Third ventricle

(optic recess)and hypothalamus

17 Cerebral peduncle18 Mammillary body19 Red nucleus20 Interpeduncular fossa

21 Middle temporal gyrus22 Hippocampus23 Tegmentum of midbrain24 Ambient cistern25 Aqueduct of mesencephalon26 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)27 Inferior colliculus28 Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus29 Quadrigeminal cistern30 Posterior cerebral artery31 Inferior temporal gyrus32 Tentorium cerebelli33 Anterior cerebellar lobule (Vermis)34 Optic radiation35 Temporal bone36 Striate cortex37 Lambdoid suture38 Calcarine sulcus39 Straight sinus40 Occipital pole41 Superior sagittal sinus42 Occipital bone


64 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon



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4341

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1 Frontal sinus2 Frontal bone3 Falx cerebri4 Orbital roof5 Straight gyrus6 Orbital gyrus7 Sphenoidal bone8 Temporal muscle9 Optic chiasm10 Olfactory sulcus11 Superior temporal gyrus12 Anterior cerebral artery13 Infundibular recess14 Middle cerebral artery15 Hypothalamus16 Chiasmatic cistern17 Uncus of parahippocampal

gyrus18 Posterior communicating

artery19 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)20 Amygdaloid body

21 Hippocampus22 Posterior cerebral artery23 Interpeduncular cistern24 Oculomotor nerve (III)25 Middle temporal gyrus26 Cerebral peduncle27 Tegmentum of midbrain28 Substantia nigra29 Inferior colliculus30 Ambient cistern31 Collateral sulcus32 Aqueduct of midbrain33 Tentorium cerebelli34 Inferior temporal gyrus35 Anterior cerebellar lobulus36 Temporal bone37 Lambdoid suture38 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus39 Superior sagittal sinus40 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus41 Occipital bone42 Straight sinus43 Occipital gyriMoeller, Sectional Anatomy © 2007 Thieme

All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

66 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons



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1 Frontal bone2 Frontal sinus3 Eyeball4 Lacrimal gland5 Superior rectus muscle6 Ophthalmic vein7 Ethmoidal cells8 Straight gyrus9 Sphenoidal bone10 Superior orbital fissure11 Optic nerve12 Temporoparietal muscle13 Superior temporal gyrus14 Temporal muscle15 Sphenoidal sinus16 Middle cerebral artery17 Internal carotid artery18 Uncus of parahippocampal

gyrus19 Pituitary gland20 Amygdaloid body

21 Abducent nerve22 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)23 Dorsum sellae24 Hippocampus25 Basilar artery26 Middle temporal gyrus27 Parahippocampal gyrus28 Prepontine cistern29 Posterior cerebral artery30 Pons31 Superior cerebellar peduncle32 Fourth ventricle33 Anterior lobe of cerebellum34 Tentorium cerebelli35 Temporal bone36 Vermis of cerebellum37 Lambdoid suture38 Occipital gyri39 Internal occipital protuberance40 Confluence of sinuses41 Occipital bone


68 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Pons



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1 Ethmoidal bone2 Orbicularis oris muscle and

occipitofrontal muscle3 Eyeball4 Medial rectus muscle5 Ethmoidal cells6 Lacrimal gland7 Superior ophthalmic vein8 Zygomatic bone9 Optic nerve10 Olfactory bulb11 Oculomotor (III) and abducent

(VI) nerves12 Temporal muscle13 Temporoparietal muscle14 Retro-orbital fatty tissue15 Internal carotid artery16 Sphenoidal bone17 Cavernous sinus18 Ophthalmic artery19 Dorsum sellae

20 Inferior temporal gyrus21 Posterior petroclinoid ligament22 Pituitary gland (neurohypophysis and

adenohypophysis)23 Basilar artery24 Anterior petroclinoid ligament25 Posterior cerebral artery26 Prepontine cistern27 Petrous part of temporal bone28 Pons29 Sigmoid sinus30 Trigeminal nerve (V)31 Fourth ventricle32 Middle cerebellar peduncle33 Lambdoid suture34 Anterior lobe of cerebellum35 Vermis of cerebellum36 Posterior lobe of cerebellum37 Transverse sinus38 Occipital sinus39 Occipital bone


70 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Pons



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1 Nasal bone2 Cornea3 Nasal septum4 Anterior chamber of eyeball5 Eyeball6 Lens7 Zygomatic bone8 Lacrimal gland9 Ethmoidal cells10 Medial rectus muscle11 Optic nerve12 Retro-orbital fatty tissue13 Temporal muscle14 Lateral rectus muscle15 Ophthalmic artery16 Temporoparietal muscle17 Temporal lobe (temporal pole)18 Sphenoidal bone19 Oculomotor nerve20 Sphenoidal sinus21 Cavernous sinus

22 Internal carotid artery23 Pituitary gland24 Trigeminal ganglion25 Basilar artery26 Prepontine cistern27 Cochlea28 Mastoid cells29 Petrous part of temporal bone30 Semicircular canal31 Middle cerebellar peduncle32 Pons33 Fourth ventricle34 Sigmoid sinus35 Lambdoid suture36 Uvula of vermis37 Dentate nucleus38 Posterior lobe of cerebellum39 Vermis of cerebellum40 Internal occipital protuberance41 Occipital bone


72 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Pons

1 Nasal bone2 Cornea3 Ethmoidal cells4 Anterior chamber of eyeball5 Eyeball

6 Lens7 Zygomatic bone8 Medial rectus muscle9 Optic nerve10 Lateral rectus muscle



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11 Temporal muscle12 Nasal septum13 Superior rectus muscle and

levator palpebrae superiorismuscle

14 Retro-orbital fatty tissue15 Temporoparietal muscle16 Sphenoidal bone17 Temporal pole18 Superior orbital fissure19 Maxillary and mandibular

nerves20 Sphenoidal sinus21 Internal carotid artery22 Clivus23 Pons24 Abducent nerve (VI)25 Cochlea26 Basilar artery

27 Posterior semicircular canal28 Superior cerebellar artery29 Mastoid cells30 Facial nerve (VII) and intermediate

nerve31 Internal acoustic meatus32 Vestibulocochlear (auditory)

nerve (VIII)33 Pontocerebellar cistern34 Sigmoid sinus35 Fourth ventricle36 Anterior inferior cerebellar artery37 Dentate nucleus38 Middle cerebellar peduncle39 Vermis of cerebellum40 Uvula of vermis41 Lambdoid suture42 Caudal lobule of cerebellum43 Occipital bone


74 Cranial MRI

Cerebellum

Pons

Medulla oblongata


1 Eyeball2 Nasal septum3 Inferior rectus muscle4 Ethmoidal cells5 Maxillary sinus6 Nasal sinus7 Zygomatic bone8 Retrobulbar fat9 Orbicularis oris muscle10 Trigeminal nerve (V)11 Temporal muscle12 Anterior inferior cerebellar

artery13 Masseter muscle14 Cochlea15 Sphenoidal sinus16 Vestibule17 Inferior temporal gyrus18 Internal acoustic meatus

19 Head of mandible20 Posterior semicircular canal21 Internal carotid artery22 Flocculus23 Basilar artery24 Transverse sinus25 Pontocerebellar cistern26 Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle

(foramen of Luschka)27 Mastoid cells28 Fourth ventricle29 Pons30 Occipital bone31 Medulla oblongata32 Falx cerebelli33 Tonsil of cerebellum34 Vermis of cerebellum35 Cerebellum


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76 Cranial MRI

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata



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1 Nasolacrimal duct2 Nasal cavity3 Nasal concha4 Orbicularis oris muscle5 Eyeball6 Nasal septum7 Maxillary sinus8 Sphenoidal bone9 Zygomatic bone10 Temporal bone11 Temporal muscle12 Pharyngotympanic tube

(auditory tube)13 Masseter muscle14 Vertebral artery15 Sphenoidal bone16 Articular disc17 Trigeminal nerve (V)18 Head of mandible19 Foramen lacerum20 Clivus21 Internal carotid artery

22 Ventral median fissure23 External acoustic meatus24 Tympanic membrane25 Cochlea26 Mastoid cells27 Internal jugular vein28 Pontocerebellar cistern29 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and

vagus nerve (X)30 Anterior inferior cerebellar artery31 Sigmoid sinus32 Medulla oblongata (caudal cerebellar

peduncle)33 Medulla oblongata (olivary nucleus)34 Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle

(foramen of Luschka)35 Cerebellum (posterior lobe)36 Fourth ventricle37 Tonsil of cerebellum38 Vermis of cerebellum39 Falx cerebelli40 Occipital bone


78 Cranial MRI

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

1 Nasal bone2 Nasal septum3 Superior nasal concha4 Maxilla (with infra-orbital

canal)

5 Levator labii superioris muscle6 Medial wall of maxillary sinus

(with maxillary hiatus)7 Orbicularis oris muscle8 Vomer (sphenoidal bone)



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9 Nasolacrimal duct10 Pharyngotympanic tube

(auditory tube)11 Maxillary sinus12 Masseter muscle13 Zygomatic bone and zygomati-

cus muscles14 Lateral pterygoid muscle

(superior and inferior heads)15 Temporal muscles16 Pharyngeal recess17 Medial pterygoid muscle18 Head of mandible19 Pterygoid process (medial and

lateral plates)20 Sphenoidal bone (tip)21 Mandibular nerve and

auriculotemporal nerve22 Internal carotid artery

23 Tensor veli palatini muscle24 Clivus25 Levator veli palatini muscle26 Internal jugular vein (bulb)27 Longus capitis muscle28 Vagus (X) and accessory (XI) nerves29 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)30 Vertebral artery31 Mastoid cells32 Medulla oblongata33 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)34 Sigmoid sinus35 Hemisphere of cerebellum

(posterior lobe)36 Fourth ventricle (medial aperture)37 Falx cerebelli with occipital sinus38 Tonsil of cerebellum39 Semispinalis capitis muscle40 Occipital bone


80 Cranial MRI






Anterior cerebral arteryTerminal branchesCentral branches (striated branchesarteries and Huebner’s recurrent includingdistal medial striate artery)


Central branches (striated branches)





82 Cranial MRI













Basilar artery: superficial arteries

Median brain-stem arteries

Short circumferential artery

Long circumferential artery

Basilar artery: central arteries

Anteromedial

Anterolateral

Lateral

Dorsal



Border region



84 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata

1 Superior frontal gyrus2 Parietal bone and coronal suture3 Frontal bone4 Superior sagittal sinus5 Cingulate gyrus and sulcus6 Precentral gyrus7 Corpus callosum (genu)


Sagittal 85

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8 Falx cerebri in Longitudinalcerebral fissure

9 Pericallosal artery10 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture11 Septum pellucidum12 Cuneus13 Third ventricle14 Parieto-occipital sulcus15 Frontal pole16 Interthalamic adhesion17 Straight gyrus18 Cerebral epiphysis19 Frontal sinus20 Lingual gyrus21 Optic nerve (II)22 Straight sinus23 Pituitary gland24 Quadrigeminal plate25 Nasal bone26 Aqueduct

27 Ethmoid sinus and sphenoidal sinus28 Confluence of sinuses29 Basilar artery30 External occipital protuberance31 Superior constrictor muscle of

pharynx32 Cerebellum33 Nasopharynx34 Fourth ventricle35 Hard palate36 Pons37 Atlas, anterior arch38 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle39 Uvula40 Ligamentum nuchae (nuchal

ligament)41 Oropharynx42 Dens of axis43 Tongue44 Semispinalis capitis muscle45 Intervertebral disc (C2/C3)


86 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata


Sagittal 87

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1 Fornix (body)2 Corpus callosum (trunk)3 Pericallosal artery4 Great cerebral vein5 Internal cerebral vein6 Corpus callosum (splenium)7 Choroid plexus8 Basal vein9 Interthalamic adhesion10 Cistern of great cerebral vein11 Corpus callosum (genu)12 Cerebellar veins13 Third ventricle14 Straight sinus15 Anterior commissure16 Pineal body17 Paraterminal gyrus18 Posterior commissure19 Lamina terminalis20 Hemisphere of cerebellum

(anterior lobe)21 Mammillary body

22 Tectal (quadrigeminal) plate (superiorcolliculus)

23 Anterior cerebral artery24 Tectal (quadrigeminal) plate

(posterior colliculus)25 Optic nerve (II)26 Aqueduct27 Liliequist’s membrane28 Fourth ventricle (roof)29 Infundibulum of pituitary gland30 Hemisphere of cerebellum

(posterior lobe)31 Dorsum sellae32 Mesencephalon (midbrain)33 Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

(adenohypophysis)34 Basilar artery35 Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

(neurohypophysis)36 Pons37 Sphenoidal sinus38 Medulla oblongata39 Clivus


88 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata

1 Frontal bone and coronal suture2 Parietal bone3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Precentral gyrus5 Cingulate gyrus6 Central sulcus7 Corpus callosum8 Postcentral gyrus


Sagittal 89

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9 Lateral ventricle (central part)10 Postcentral sulcus11 Thalamus12 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture13 Caudate nucleus (head)14 Precuneus15 Cerebral peduncle16 Cuneus17 Straight gyrus18 Precentral lobule19 Frontal sinus20 Cingulate gyrus21 Ethmoidal sinus22 Superior sagittal sinus23 Internal carotid artery (syphon)24 Calcarine sulcus25 Sphenoidal sinus26 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus

27 Nasal bone28 Confluence of sinuses29 Middle nasal concha30 Tentorium cerebelli31 Nasopharynx32 Cerebellum33 Inferior nasal concha34 Pons35 Hard palate36 Clivus37 Longus capitis muscle38 Vertebral artery39 Tongue40 Atlas, posterior arch41 Uvula42 Nerve roots43 Sublingual gland44 Semispinalis capitis muscle45 Oropharynx


90 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata


Sagittal 91

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

35 3433 303729 36 3231

1 Head of caudate nucleus2 Corpus callosum (trunk)3 Corpus callosum (genu)4 Lateral ventricle5 Thalamus (ventral lateral

complex)6 Thalamus (posterior lateral

complex)7 Globus pallidus (lateral and

medial segments)8 Corpus callosum (splenium)9 Anterior commissure10 Thalamus (pulvinar)11 Red nucleus12 Parahippocampal gyrus13 Substantia nigra14 Great cerebral vein15 Posterior cerebral artery16 Quadrigeminal cistern17 Optic tract18 Tectal (quadrigeminal) plate

(superior colliculus)

19 Interpeduncular cistern20 Tentorium cerebelli21 Anterior cerebral artery22 Hemisphere of cerebellum

(anterior lobe)23 Superior cerebellar artery24 Tectal (quadrigeminal) plate

(posterior colliculus)25 Trigeminal nerve (V)26 Ambient cistern27 Sphenoidal sinus28 Dentate nucleus29 Posterior communicating artery30 Cerebellar peduncle31 Internal carotid artery32 Lateral lemniscus33 Pons34 Tonsil of cerebellum35 Abducent nerve (VI)36 Fourth ventricle (lateral aperture)37 Pontocerebellar cistern


92 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Pons

1 bone2 Frontal bone and coronal suture3 Parietal Superior frontal gyrus4 Precentral gyrus5 Corpus callosum6 Postcentral gyrus7 Caudate nucleus (body)8 Central sulcus


Sagittal 93

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

4041

43

45

42

44

46

9 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)10 Postcentral sulcus11 Basal nuclei12 Precuneus13 Cerebral peduncle14 Cuneus15 Orbital gyrus16 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture17 Inferior frontal gyrus18 Thalamus19 Roof of orbit20 Calcarine sulcus21 Superior rectus muscle22 Parahippocampal gyrus23 Medial rectus muscle24 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus25 Inferior rectus muscle26 Tentorium cerebelli27 Sphenoidal sinus

28 Transverse sinus29 Maxillary sinus30 Superior cerebellar lobe31 Longus capitis muscle32 Middle cerebral peduncle33 Maxilla34 Inferior cerebellar lobe35 Atlas, lateral mass36 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle37 Oropharynx38 Occipital condyle39 Tongue40 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle41 Middle constrictor muscle of pharynx42 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle43 Spinal nerve root C444 Splenius capitis muscle45 Vertebral artery46 Trapezius muscle


94 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Pons


1 Corpus striatum2 Corpus callosum (trunk)3 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)4 Lateral ventricle5 Caudate nucleus (head)6 Thalamus (ventral lateral

complex)7 Globus pallidus8 Choroid plexus9 Anterior commissure10 Thalamus (posterior lateral

complex)11 Internal capsule12 Fornix (crus)13 Putamen14 Thalamus (pulvinar)15 Posterior cerebral artery16 Parahippocampal gyrus17 Middle cerebral artery18 Medial geniculate body

19 Orbital gyrus20 Lingual gyrus21 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)22 Tentorium cerebelli23 Optic nerve (II)24 Hemisphere of cerebellum

(anterior lobe)25 Medial rectus muscle26 Lateral geniculate body27 Superior orbital fissure28 Trochlear nerve (IV)29 Oculomotor nerve (III)30 Dentate nucleus31 Middle cerebellar peduncle32 Pons33 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)34 Pontocerebellar cistern35 Trigeminal nerve (V)36 Internal carotid artery

Sagittal 95

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

35 3236 3416 33 31


96 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

1 Frontal bone and coronal suture2 Parietal bone3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Postcentral gyrus5 Caudate nucleus (body)6 Precentral gyrus7 Thalamus8 Central sulcus


Sagittal 97

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

4041

43

45

42

44

4647

9 Basal nuclei10 Lateral ventricle11 Middle frontal gyrus12 Corpus callosum

(major forceps)13 Roof of orbit14 Parieto-occipital sulcus15 Orbital gyrus16 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture17 Superior rectus muscle18 Lateral ventricle (occipital

horn)19 Optic nerve (II)20 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus21 Eyeball22 Tentorium cerebelli23 Inferior rectus muscle24 Transverse sinus25 Maxillary sinus26 Anterior lobe of cerebellum

27 Levator veli palatini muscle28 Horizontal fissure29 Medial pterygoid muscle30 Posterior lobe of cerebellum31 Levator labii superioris muscle32 Splenius capitis muscle33 Maxilla34 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle35 Orbicularis oris muscle36 Semispinalis capitis muscle37 Hypoglossus muscle38 Vertebral artery39 Mylohyoid muscle40 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle41 Mandible42 Longus capitis muscle43 Hyoid bone44 Spinal nerve root C345 Internal carotid artery46 Middle constrictor muscle of pharynx47 Digastric muscle


98 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum


Sagittal 99

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

2

4

6

8

10

14

12

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

33 3834 363537 32

1 Corpus callosum (trunk)2 Lateral ventricle (central part)3 Caudate nucleus (body)4 Thalamus (pulvinar)5 Internal capsule (anterior limb)6 Corpus callosum (major

forceps)7 Globus pallidus (lateral

segment)8 Parieto-occipital sulcus9 Internal capsule (posterior

limb)10 Fornix (crus)11 Globus pallidus (medial

segment)12 Lateral geniculate body13 Putamen14 Subiculum of hippocampus15 Anterior commissure16 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus17 Optic tract18 Tentorium cerebelli19 Orbital gyrus20 Parahippocampal gyrus

21 Middle cerebral artery in cistern oflateral cerebral fossa

22 Hemisphere of cerebellum (anteriorlobe)

23 Amygdaloid nucleus24 Petrous pyramid25 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)26 Internal acoustic meatus27 Temporal pole28 Facial nerve (VII)29 Dentate gyrus30 Vestibulocochlear (acoustic) nerve

(VIII)31 Infratemporal fossa32 Pontocerebellar cistern33 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory

tube)34 Internal carotid artery (petrous part)35 Elevator muscle of the soft palate36 Internal jugular vein in the jugular

foramen37 Medial pterygoid muscle38 Hypoglossal nerve (XII) in

hypoglossal canal


100 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

1 Frontal bone and coronal suture2 Parietal bone3 Cerebral white matter (semioval

center)4 Precentral gyrus5 Superior frontal gyrus6 Postcentral gyrus7 Basal ganglia


Sagittal 101

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

46

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

8 Central sulcus9 Middle frontal gyrus10 Precuneus11 Insular arteries12 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture13 Temporal pole14 Cuneus15 Orbital gyrus16 Lateral ventricle (occipital

horn)17 Roof of orbit18 Occipital gyri19 Superior rectus muscle20 Tentorium cerebelli21 Eyeball22 Anterior lobe of cerebellum23 Lateral rectus muscle24 Transverse sinus25 Lens26 Horizontal fissure

27 Inferior rectus muscle28 Posterior lobe of cerebellum29 Temporal muscle30 rectus capitis posterior major muscle31 Lateral pterygoid muscle32 Semispinalis capitis muscle33 Maxillary sinus34 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle35 Pterygoid process, lateral plate36 Internal carotid artery37 Medial pterygoid muscle38 Trapezius muscle39 Styloglossus muscle40 Digastric muscle41 Mylohyoid muscle42 Spinal nerve roots (cervical plexus)43 Mandible44 Levator scapulae muscle45 Orbicularis oris muscle46 Submandibular gland


102 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum


1 Claustrum2 Caudate nucleus (tail)3 Insular arteries4 Lateral ventricle (central part)

with choroid plexus5 External capsule6 Internal capsule7 Putamen8 Subiculum of hippocampus9 Anterior commissure10 Collateral sulcus11 Middle cerebral artery12 Parahippocampal gyrus13 Orbital gyrus14 Dentate gyrus15 Amygdaloid nucleus

16 Tentorium cerebelli17 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)18 Anterior lobe of cerebellum19 Temporal lobe (temporal pole)20 Petrous part of temporal bone

(superior margin)21 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)22 Cerebellum (cerebellar white matter)23 Middle cranial fossa24 Vestibulocochlear (acoustic) nerve

(VIII) in Internal auditory meatus25 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus26 Pontocerebellar cistern27 Facial nerve (VII) in Internal auditory

meatus

Sagittal 103

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23 22

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

242725 26


104 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

1 Frontal bone and coronal suture2 Parietal bone3 Middle frontal gyrus4 Precentral gyrus5 Inferior frontal sulcus6 Postcentral gyrus7 Inferior frontal gyrus8 Central sulcus9 Insular gyri10 Frontal operculum11 Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa

(insular cistern) and insular arteries


Sagittal 105

1

3

5

9

7

11

13

15

17

19

21

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

47

23

12 Precuneus13 Orbital gyrus14 Transverse temporal gyrus15 Roof of orbit16 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture17 Temporal pole18 Caudate nucleus (tail)19 Levator palpebrae superioris

muscle20 Lateral ventricle

(occipital horn)21 Lateral rectus muscle22 Lateral ventricle

(temporal horn)23 Eyeball and lens24 Occipital gyri25 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus26 Tentorium cerebelli27 Inferior oblique muscle28 Transverse sinus29 Temporal muscle

30 Anterior lobe of cerebellum31 Lateral pterygoid muscle32 Internal acoustic meatus33 Maxillary sinus34 Posterior lobe of cerebellum35 Orbicularis oculi muscle36 Sigmoid sinus and stylopharyngeus

muscle37 Medial pterygoid muscle38 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle39 Buccinator muscle40 Semispinalis capitis muscle41 Mandible and mandibular canal

(inferior alveolar nerve)42 Atlas (transverse process) and rectus

capitis lateralis muscle43 Submandibular gland44 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle45 Internal jugular vein and digastric

muscle46 Levator scapulae muscle47 Splenius capitis muscle


106 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

1 Frontal bone and coronalsuture

2 Parietal bone3 Middle frontal gyrus4 Precentral gyrus5 Inferior frontal sulcus6 Postcentral gyrus and

postcentral sulcus7 Insular gyri8 Central sulcus


Sagittal 107

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

4041

43

45

42

44

9 Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa(insular cistern) and insulararteries

10 Angular gyrus11 Orbital gyrus12 Transverse temporal gyrus13 Inferior frontal gyrus14 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture15 Superior temporal gyrus16 Occipital gyri17 Lacrimal gland18 Inferior temporal gyrus19 Eyeball20 Tentorium cerebelli21 Lateral rectus muscle22 Transverse sinus23 Temporal pole and middle

temporal gyrus24 Anterior lobe of cerebellum25 Temporal muscle

26 Posterior semicircular canal27 Maxillary sinus28 Posterior lobe of cerebellum29 Lateral pterygoid muscle and head

of mandible30 Obliquus capitis superior muscle31 Styloid muscle and styloid process32 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle33 Buccinator muscle34 Semispinalis capitis muscle35 Medial pterygoid muscle36 Atlas, transverse process37 Digastric muscle, posterior belly38 Internal jugular vein39 Mandible40 Levator scapulae muscle41 Submandibular gland42 Splenius capitis muscle43 Platysma44 Splenius cervicis muscle45 Scalenus posterior muscle


108 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Cerebellum

1 Frontal bone and coronal suture2 Parietal bone3 Middle frontal gyrus4 Precentral gyrus5 Inferior frontal sulcus6 Postcentral gyrus and

postcentral sulcus


7 Inferior frontal gyrus, insularcortex

8 Supramarginal gyrus9 Lateral sulcus10 Central sulcus11 Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular

part12 Angular gyrus13 Superior temporal gyrus14 Transverse temporal gyrus15 Middle temporal gyrus16 Occipital bone and lambdoid

suture17 Inferior temporal gyrus18 Transverse sinus19 Head of mandible20 Tentorium cerebelli21 Zygomatic bone

22 Posterior lobe of cerebellum23 Temporal muscle24 Mastoid antrum25 Retromandibular vein26 External acoustic meatus27 Zygomatic muscle28 Mastoid process29 Coronoid process30 Parotid gland31 Masseter muscle32 Digastric muscle, posterior belly33 Mandible (ramus)34 Semispinalis capitis muscle35 Submandibular gland36 Splenius capitis muscle37 Platysma38 Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Sagittal 109

27

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

29

33

3132

2

4

6

10

8

12

14

16

18

2022

242628

30

34

35

37

36

38

17

15


110 Cranial MRI

Basilar artery



Boundary region


Circumferential arteries andlateral and dorsal paramedianbranches

Anteromedial and anterolateralparamedian branches


Central branches (striate arteriesincluding distal medial striate artery)



Posterior cerebral arteryTerminal branchesCentral branches (including theposterior communicating artery)


Vascular Territories (Sagittal) 111









112 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe


Coronal 113

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

1917

21

25

23

27

33

31

35

37

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

1416

2018

2224262830

3436

38

3940

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri5 Middle frontal gyrus6 Roof of orbit7 Straight gyrus8 Levator palpebrae superioris

muscle9 Orbital gyri10 Superior rectus muscle11 Inferior frontal gyrus12 Lacrimal gland13 Supraorbital nerve14 Superior oblique muscle15 Superior ophthalmic vein16 Eyeball17 Orbicularis oculi muscle18 Lateral rectus muscle19 Ethmoidal cells20 Medial rectus muscle

21 Ophthalmic artery22 Inferior rectus muscle23 Orbit (retrobulbar fat)24 Inferior oblique muscle25 Zygomatic bone26 Orbital plate27 Middle and inferior nasal conchas28 Infraorbital artery, vein,

and nerve29 Nasal sinus30 Maxillary sinus31 Hard palate32 Nasal septum33 Tongue34 Maxilla (alveolar process)35 Depressor anguli oris muscle36 Lingual nerve37 Genioglossus muscle38 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)39 Submandibular duct40 Body of mandible


114 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri5 Middle frontal gyrus6 Longitudinal cerebral7 Cingulate gyrus


Coronal 115

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

19

17

21

27

2325

3331

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

1416

18

20

22

2624

3028

3435

373638

394143

4042

44

8 Roof of orbit9 Straight gyrus10 Levator palpebrae superioris

muscle11 Inferior frontal gyrus12 Supraorbital nerve13 Orbital gyri14 Superior rectus muscle15 Olfactory bulb16 Superior oblique muscle17 Nasociliary nerve18 Superior ophthalmic vein19 Ophthalmic artery20 Optic nerve (II)21 Orbit (retrobulbar fat)22 Lateral rectus muscle23 Oculomotor nerve (III),

inferior part24 Temporal muscle25 Infraorbital nerve, artery, and

vein

26 Medial rectus muscle27 Ethmoidal cells28 Zygomatic bone29 Maxillary sinus30 Inferior rectus muscle31 Nasal septum32 Orbital plate33 Masseter muscle34 Inferior nasal concha35 Nasal cavity36 Hard palate37 Tongue38 Maxilla (alveolar process)39 Lingual nerve and hypoglossal

nerve (XII)40 Depressor anguli oris muscle41 Genioglossus muscle42 Submandibular duct43 Submandibular gland44 Body of mandible


116 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe


Coronal 117

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

33

3132

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

28

2426

30

3435

37 36

3839 40

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri in interhemi-

spheric fissure5 Middle frontal gyrus6 Cingulate gyrus7 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)8 Pericallosal artery9 Inferior frontal gyrus10 Corpus callosum (genu)11 Olfactory tract12 Anterior cerebral artery13 Optic nerve (II)14 Straight gyrus15 Oculomotor nerve (III)16 Orbital gyri17 Temporal muscle18 Trochlear nerve (IV)19 Temporal lobe (temporal pole)20 Ophthalmic artery

21 Ophthalmic nerve (first division oftrigeminal nerve)

22 Superior ophthalmic vein23 Abducent nerve (VI)24 Ethmoidal cells25 Pterygopalatine fossa26 Zygomatic arch27 Maxillary nerve (second division of

trigeminal nerve)28 Nasal septum29 Middle and inferior nasal conchas30 Maxillary sinus31 Nasal sinus32 Masseter muscle33 Ramus of mandible34 Maxilla (alveolar process)35 Soft palate36 Oral cavity37 Tongue38 Buccinator muscle39 Body of mandible40 Genioglossus muscle


118 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri in Longitudinal cerebral5 Middle frontal gyrus6 Cingulate sulcus7 Pericallosal artery


Coronal 119

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

232527

33

31

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

28

2426

30

3435

37 36

3839404142

8 Cingulate gyrus9 Corpus callosum (trunk)10 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)11 Inferior frontal gyrus12 Temporal muscle13 Head of caudate nucleus14 Internal capsule (anterior limb)15 Frontal operculum16 Anterior cerebral artery17 Putamen18 Orbital gyri19 Superior temporal gyrus20 Olfactory tract21 Straight gyrus22 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)23 Optic nerve (II)24 Trochlear (IV), oculomotor (III),

ophthalmic (first division oftrigeminal), and abducent (VI)nerves

25 Middle temporal gyrus

26 Temporal bone27 Sphenoidal sinus28 Zygomatic arch29 Maxillary nerve in pterygopalatine

fossa30 Maxillary artery31 Lateral pterygoid muscle in infra-

temporal fossa32 Nasal septum and sinus33 Medial pterygoid muscle34 Pterygoid process (medial and

lateral plates)35 Tensor veli palatini muscle36 Masseter muscle37 Soft palate and oral cavity38 Ramus of mandible39 Tongue40 Inferior alveolar artery, vein, and

nerve in mandibular canal41 Lingual nerve42 Submandibular gland


120 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe


Coronal 121

29

1

3

5

7

911

13

15

17

19

21

2523

27

33

31

35

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1820222426

28

30

34

36

1 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)2 Corpus callosum (trunk)3 Septum pellucidum4 Head of caudate nucleus5 Putamen6 Internal capsule (anterior limb)7 Subcallosal gyrus8 Corpus callosum (genu)9 Straight gyrus10 Pericallosal artery11 Orbital gyri12 Olfactory sulcus13 Olfactory tract14 Oculomotor nerve (III, superior

branch)15 Anterior clinoid process (sphe-

noidal bone, lesser wing)16 Ophthalmic nerve (frontal,

lacrimal, and nasociliarynerves) = superior branch oftrigeminal nerve (V)

17 Superior orbital fissure

18 Optic nerve (II)19 Sphenoid plane20 Abducent nerve (VI)21 Temporal pole22 Oculomotor nerve (III), inferior

branch23 Sphenoidal bone, lesser wing24 Septum of sphenoidal sinus25 Sphenoidal sinus26 Maxillary nerve in pterygopalatine

fossa27 Pterygopalatine fossa28 Lateral pterygoid muscle29 Vomer30 Nasal sinus31 Pterygoid process (sphenoidal

bone)32 Middle nasal concha33 Pterygoid process (lateral plate)34 Medial pterygoid muscle35 Pterygoid process (medial plate)36 Tensor veli palatini muscle


122 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe


Coronal 123

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

33

31 32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1820

22

2624

2830

34

35

3736

4039

38

41

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri in

Longitudinal cerebral5 Middle frontal gyrus6 Cingulate gyrus7 Pericallosal artery8 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)9 Corpus callosum (genu)10 Head of caudate nucleus11 Inferior frontal gyrus12 Internal capsule (anterior limb)13 Temporal muscle14 Putamen15 Subcallosal gyrus16 External capsule17 Insula18 Claustrum19 Insular arteries20 Anterior cerebral artery21 Lateral sulcus

22 Superior temporal gyrus23 Olfactory tract24 Optic chiasm25 Internal carotid artery (syphon)26 Trochlear (IV), oculomotor (III),

ophthalmic, and abducent (V) nerves27 Pituitary gland28 Temporal bone29 Cavernous sinus30 Zygomatic bone31 Middle temporal gyrus32 Sphenoidal sinus33 Lateral pterygoid muscle34 Masseter muscle35 Tensor veli palatini muscle36 Nasopharynx37 Ramus of mandible38 Styloglossus muscle39 Medial pterygoid muscle40 Uvula and oropharynx41 Submandibular gland


124 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe


1 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)2 Corpus callosum (trunk)3 Head of caudate nucleus4 Septum pellucidum5 Internal capsule (anterior limb)6 Putamen7 Corpus callosum (rostrum)8 External capsule9 Nucleus acumbens10 Subcallosal gyrus11 Claustrum12 Anterior cerebral artery13 Straight gyrus14 Chiasmatic cistern15 Orbital gyri16 Optic chiasm17 Olfactory tract18 Sellar diaphragm19 Internal carotid artery (syphon)

20 Cavernous sinus21 Oculomotor nerve (III)22 Pituitary gland23 Trochlear nerve (IV)24 Inferior intercavernous sinus25 Ophthalmic nerve (V1)26 Floor of sella27 Abducent nerve (VI)28 Sphenoidal sinus29 Maxillary nerve (V2)30 Sphenoidal bone (body)31 Tensor veli palatini muscle32 Pharyngotympanic tube

(auditory tube)33 Lateral pterygoid muscle34 Nasopharynx35 Levator veli palatini muscle36 Medial pterygoid muscle

Coronal 125

29

1

3

5

7

911

13

15

17

19

21

25

23

27

33

31

35

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20222426

28

34

36

30


126 Cranial MRI

Frontallappen

Temporallappen

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Falx cerebri in Longitudinal cerebral4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Pericallosal artery6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Corpus callosum (genu)


Coronal 127

38

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

2325

27

3331

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

28

24

26

30

46

3537

4240

39

41

4443

45

3436

8 Cingulate gyrus9 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)10 Inferior frontal gyrus11 Head of caudate nucleus12 Temporal muscle13 External capsule14 Septum pellucidum15 Claustrum16 Insular arteries17 Putamen18 Lateral sulcus19 Superior temporal gyrus20 Insula21 Amygdaloid body22 Internal capsule (anterior limb)23 Middle temporal gyrus24 Longitudinal cerebral25 Hippocampus26 Middle cerebral artery27 Pituitary gland28 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)

29 Inferior temporal gyrus30 Optic chiasm31 Parahippocampal gyrus32 Trochlear (IV), oculomotor (III) and

abducent (VI) nerves, trigeminalganglion

33 Temporal bone (zygomatic process)34 Internal carotid artery (syphon)35 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus36 Head of mandible37 Pharyngotympanic tube

(auditory tube)38 Parotid gland39 Pharynx40 Lateral pterygoid muscle41 Superior constrictor muscle of

pharynx42 Mandibular artery, vein, and nerve43 Medial pterygoid muscle44 Masseter muscle45 Styloglossus muscle46 Sphenoidal sinus


128 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe


Coronal 129

29

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

25

23

27

35

33

37

32

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

34

36

31

30

1 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)2 Corpus callosum (trunk)3 Septum pellucidum4 Head of caudate nucleus5 Internal capsule (anterior limb)6 Putamen7 External capsule8 Precommissural fornix9 Globus pallidus10 Anterior commissure11 Longitudinal cerebral12 Supraoptic recess13 Anterior cerebral artery (A1

segment)14 Optic chiasm15 Middle cerebral artery16 Suprasellar cistern17 Internal carotid artery18 Infundibulum19 Amygdaloid body

20 Oculomotor nerve (III)21 Hippocampus22 Pituitary gland23 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)24 Inferior intercavernous sinus25 Posterior clinoid process26 Floor of sella27 Trochlear nerve (IV)28 Cavernous sinus29 Abducent nerve (VI), trigeminal

ganglion30 Internal carotid artery (syphon)31 Foramen ovale32 Sphenoidal sinus33 Trigeminal (V) ganglion34 Mandibular nerve (V3)35 Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube36 Sphenoidal bone (body)37 Nasopharynx


130 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

1 Frontal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Falx cerebri in Longitudinal cerebral4 Superior frontal gyrus5 Cingulate gyrus6 Middle frontal gyrus7 Corpus callosum (trunk)8 Cerebral white matter (semioval

center)


Coronal 131

29

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2527

3331

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3537

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9 Caudate nucleus (body)10 Inferior frontal gyrus11 Interventricular foramen12 Pericallosal artery13 Third ventricle14 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)15 Frontal operculum16 Internal capsule (genu)17 Extreme capsule18 Lateral sulcus19 Superior temporal gyrus20 Insula21 External capsule22 Basal nuclei

(lentiform nucleus)23 Mammillary body and

hypothalamus24 Temporal bone25 Posterior cerebral artery26 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)

27 Temporal muscle28 Hippocampus29 Basilar artery30 Middle temporal gyrus31 Occipital bone (clivus)32 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus33 Head of mandible and

temporomandibular joint34 Internal carotid artery (syphon)35 Mandibular nerve36 Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube37 Lateral pterygoid muscle38 Levator veli palatini muscle39 Constrictor muscle of pharynx

(superior, middle, and inferior)40 Pharyngobasilar fascia41 Parotid gland42 External carotid artery43 Stylopharyngeus muscle44 Pharyngeal raphe


132 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe


Coronal 133

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34

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32

1 Corpus callosum (trunk)2 Lateral ventricle (frontal horn)3 Body of caudate nucleus4 Septum pellucidum5 Fornix (body)6 Internal capsule (genu)7 Interventricular foramen8 Putamen9 Thalamus (anterior ventral

nucleus)10 Claustrum11 Third ventricle12 Globus pallidus lateral segment13 Fornix (column)14 Globus pallidus medial segment15 Anterior commissure16 Mammillary body17 Hypothalamus18 Amygdaloid body19 Optic tract

20 Posterior communicating artery21 Lateral ventricle (temporal horn)22 Hippocampus23 Ambient cistern24 Oculomotor nerve (III)25 Posterior cerebral artery26 Parahippocampal gyrus27 Trochlear nerve (IV)28 Basilar artery29 Superior cerebellar artery30 Trigeminal nerve (ganglion, V)31 Abducent nerve (VI)32 Internal carotid artery (syphon)33 Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube34 Occipital bone (basilar part), clivus35 Pharyngobasilar fascia36 Levator veli palatini muscle37 Superior constrictor muscle

of pharynx38 Pharyngeal raphe


134 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Mesencephalon

Pons

1 Parietal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri5 Central white matter (semioval

center)6 Cingulate gyrus7 Precentral gyrus8 Pericallosal artery9 Central sulcus


Coronal 135

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10 Corpus callosum (trunk)11 Postcentral gyrus12 Thalamus13 Lateral ventricle14 Insular arteries15 Parietal operculum16 Lateral sulcus17 Third ventricle18 Superior temporal gyrus19 Basal nuclei (lentiform nucleus)20 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)21 Red nucleus22 Middle temporal gyrus23 Hippocampus24 Inferior temporal gyrus25 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus26 Membranous semicircular

canal (superior part)27 Parahippocampal gyrus

28 Vestibulocochlear (VIII) and facial(VII) nerves in internal acousticmeatus

29 Interpeduncular cistern30 Cochlea31 Pons32 Mastoid process with mastoid

cells33 Stylomastoid foramen34 Vertebral artery35 Facial nerve (VII)36 Styloid process37 Parotid gland38 Dens39 Internal jugular vein40 Transverse ligament of atlas41 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)42 Atlas (lateral mass)43 Sternocleidomastoid muscle44 Axis


136 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Mesencaphalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata

1 Corpus callosum (trunk)2 Pericallosal artery3 Caudate nucleus (body)4 Lateral ventricle5 Fornix (crus)6 Internal cerebral vein7 Thalamus (lateral dorsal nucleus)8 Internal capsule (posterior limb)


Coronal 137

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9 Thalamus (ventral lateral com-plex)

10 Putamen11 Thalamus (medial nuclei)12 Claustrum13 Third ventricle14 Globus pallidus15 Subthalamic nucleus16 Red nucleus17 Lateral geniculate body18 Caudate nucleus (tail)19 Optic tract20 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)21 Ambient cistern22 Hippocampus23 Basal vein24 Substantia nigra25 Posterior cerebral artery26 Interpeduncular cistern27 Trochlear nerve (IV)28 Parahippocampal gyrus

29 Superior cerebellar artery30 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus31 Trigeminal nerve (V)32 Tentorium cerebelli33 Corticospinal tract34 Petrous part of temporal bone35 Middle cerebellar peduncle36 Facial nerve (VII) in internal

acoustic meatus37 Pons38 Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) in

internal acoustic meatus39 Prepontine cistern40 Pontocerebellar cistern41 Abducent nerve (VI)42 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)43 Vertebral vein44 Vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI),

hypoglossal nerve (XII)45 Internal jugular vein46 Vertebral artery


138 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata

1 Parietal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Precentral gyrus5 Paracentral lobe6 Central sulcus7 Falx cerebri8 Postcentral gyrus9 Cingulate gyrus


Coronal 139

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10 Lateral ventricle11 Corpus callosum12 Thalamus13 Caudate nucleus14 Supramarginal gyrus15 Internal cerebral vein16 Transverse temporal gyrus17 Pineal body18 Superior temporal gyrus19 Cranial colliculus20 Medial geniculate body and

lateral geniculate body21 Occipital artery22 Middle temporal gyrus23 Parahippocampal gyrus24 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)25 Superior cerebellar artery26 Hippocampus27 Tentorium cerebelli

28 Inferior temporal gyrus29 Anterior lobe of cerebellum30 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus31 Middle cerebellar peduncle32 Sigmoid sinus33 Facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear

nerve (VIII), glossopharyngealnerve (IX)

34 Flocculus35 Inferior olivary complex36 Mastoid process with mastoid cells37 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery38 Vertebral artery and vein39 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)40 Atlas (lateral mass)41 Obliquus capitis superior muscle42 Sternocleidomastoid muscle43 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle44 Spinal cord with median fissure


140 Cranial MRI

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata


Coronal 141

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1 Corpus callosum (trunk)2 Pericallosal artery3 Lateral ventricle4 Body of caudate nucleus5 Fornix (crus)6 Internal cerebral vein7 Suprapineal recess8 Thalamus (pulvinar)9 Pineal body10 Aqueduct of midbrain11 Posterior commissure12 Medial geniculate body13 Cranial colliculus14 Lateral geniculate body15 Posterior cerebral artery16 Caudate nucleus (tail)17 Basal vein18 Lateral ventricle (temporal

horn)19 Hippocampus

20 Ambient cistern21 Parahippocampal gyrus22 Trochlear nerve (IV)23 Collateral sulcus24 Anterior lobe of cerebellum25 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus26 Aqueduct27 Tentorium cerebelli28 Middle cerebellar peduncle29 Glossopharyngeal nerve (XI)30 Pons31 Vagus nerve (X)32 Pontocerebellar cistern33 Accessory nerve (XI)34 Occipital bone35 Flocculus36 Medulla oblongata37 Inferior olivary complex38 Vertebral artery39 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery


142 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Cerebellum

1 Parietal bone2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Superior frontal gyrus4 Falx cerebri5 Precentral gyrus6 Paracentral lobule7 Central sulcus


Coronal 143

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3

5

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44

8 Precuneal artery9 Postcentral gyrus10 Quadrigeminal cistern11 Precuneus12 Choroid plexus13 Lateral ventricle (collateral

trigone)14 Supramarginal gyrus15 Internal cerebral vein16 Lateral sulcus17 Hippocampus18 Superior temporal gyrus19 Optic radiation20 Middle temporal gyrus21 Basal vein22 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus23 Superior cerebellar artery24 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus25 Vermis of cerebellum

26 Inferior temporal gyrus27 Fourth ventricle28 Transverse sinus29 Dentate nucleus30 Tentorium cerebelli31 Posterior lobe of cerebellum32 Anterior lobe of cerebellum33 Tonsil of cerebellum34 Mastoid cells in mastoid process35 Vertebral vein36 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery37 Atlas (lateral mass)38 Obliquus capitis superior muscle39 Spinal cord40 Longus capitis muscle41 Sternocleidomastoid muscle42 Vertebral artery43 Third cervical vertebra (arch)44 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle


144 Cranial MRI

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Cerebellum


Coronal 145

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1 Parietal bone2 Sagittal suture3 Precentral gyrus4 Superior sagittal sinus5 Postcentral gyrus6 Falx cerebri7 Supramarginal gyrus8 Longitudinal cerebral9 Parieto-occipital sulcus10 Precuneus11 Middle temporal gyrus12 Straight sinus13 Cuneus14 Superior cerebellar artery15 Optic radiation16 Lateral ventricle (occipital

horn)17 Calcarine sulcus18 Striate cortex

19 Inferior temporal gyrus20 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus21 Tentorium cerebelli22 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus23 Vermis of cerebellum24 Transverse sinus25 Dentate nucleus26 Posterior lobe of cerebellum27 Uvula of vermis28 Temporal bone29 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery30 Cisterna magna31 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle32 Occipital bone33 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle34 Nuchal ligament35 Splenius capitis muscle36 Semispinalis capitis muscle


146 Cranial MRI

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum


1 Parietal bone2 Sagittal suture3 Longitudinal cerebral4 Superior sagittal sinus5 Precuneus6 Angular gyrus7 Parieto-occipital sulcus8 Falx cerebri9 Cuneus10 Occipital gyri11 Calcarine sulcus

12 Lateral ventricle (occipital horn)13 Striate cortex14 Straight sinus15 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus16 Transverse sinus17 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus18 Horizontal fissure19 Tentorium cerebelli20 Occipital sinus21 Posterior lobe of cerebellum22 Semispinalis capitis muscle23 Occipital bone

Vascular Territories (Coronal) 147

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148 Cranial MRI

Anterior cerebral artery

Terminal branches

Central branches


Terminal branches

Central branches


Vascular Territories (Coronal) 149


Central branches (striate arteriesincluding distal medial striate artery)


Terminal branches


Posterior cerebral artery

Terminal branchesCentral branches (including posteriorcommunicating artery)


Basilar artery

Anteromedial and anterolateralparamedian branchesCircumferential arteries and lateraland dorsal paramedian branches


150 Cranial MRI



Posterior cerebral arteryTerminal branchesCentral branches (including posteriorcommunicating artery)

Basilar arteryCircumferential arteries and lateraland dorsal paramedian branches




Border area



Neurofunctional Systems (Coronal) 151

2

22

Optic tract

Oculomotor nucleus andpathways

Sensory system

Motor system

Mesencephalic nucleus oftrigeminal nerve

Spinothalamic tract

Medial lemniscus

Speech center(1 = motor, 2 = sensory)


152 Cranial MR Angiography




Frontal view


1 Callosomarginal artery2 Pericallosal artery3 Superior parietal artery4 Posterior cerebral artery

(parieto-occipital ramus)5 Middle cerebral artery

(opercular part, M3 segment)6 Anterior cerebral artery

(postcommunicating part)7 Insular arteries8 Anterior communicating

artery9 Middle cerebral artery

(insular part, M2 segment)10 Anterior temporal artery and

middle temporal artery

11 Striate artery12 Left posterior cerebral artery (from

internal carotid artery, variant)13 Middle cerebral artery (sphenoid

part, M1 segment)14 Anterior cerebral artery

(precommunicating part)15 Posterior cerebral artery (temporal

and occipitotemporal branches)16 Superior cerebellar artery17 Polar temporal artery18 Internal carotid artery19 Right posterior cerebral artery20 Basilar artery

Arterial 153

1

35

7

9

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20






Lateral view


1 Callosomarginal artery2 Parietal artery3 Pericallosal artery4 Artery of angular gyrus5 Artery of precentral sulcus6 Middle cerebral artery

(opercular part)7 Polar frontal artery8 Parieto-occipital artery9 Medial frontobasal artery10 Artery of central sulcus11 Anterior cerebral artery

(postcommunicating segment,A2 segment)

12 Medial occipital artery13 Anterior choroidal artery14 Middle cerebral artery (M2 segment)15 Posterior communicating artery16 Posteromedial central arteries17 Ophthalmic artery18 Occipitotemporal branch19 Internal carotid artery20 Posterior temporal artery21 Posterior cerebral artery22 Superior cerebellar artery23 Basilar artery

Arterial 155

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19

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46

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1214

1618

21

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2223






Cranial view


1 Anteromedial frontal branch ofanterior cerebral artery

2 Ophthalmic artery3 Anterior cerebral artery

(postcommunicating part)4 Internal carotid artery5 Anterior communicating artery6 Middle cerebral artery

(sphenoid part)7 Anterior cerebral artery

(precommunicating part)

8 Superior cerebellar artery9 Middle cerebral artery (insular part)10 Basilar artery11 Anterior choroidal artery12 Left posterior cerebral artery (from

internal carotid artery, variant)13 Right posterior cerebral artery14 Middle cerebral artery (opercular

part)15 Temporal artery16 Parieto-occipital artery

Arterial 157

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5

7

91113

15

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4

6

8

10

12

16

14


1 Superior cerebral veins2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Parietal veins4 Superior anastomotic vein

(Trolard)5 Frontal veins6 Basal vein7 Middle cerebral veins (deep

and superficial)

8 Sphenoparietal sinus9 Confluence of sinuses10 Transverse sinus11 Superior veins of cerebellar

hemisphere12 Sigmoid sinus13 Inferior of cerebellar hemisphere14 Cavernous sinus15 Internal jugular vein

Venous 159

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11

13

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12

14

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4

10


1 Precentral cerebellar veins2 Superior sagittal sinus3 Frontal veins4 Superior cerebral veins5 Internal cerebral veins6 Parietal veins7 Basal vein8 Falcotentorial confluence

of sinuses9 Inferior anastomotic vein

(Labbé)10 Internal occipital vein11 Superior petrosal sinus

12 Great cerebral vein13 Cavernous sinus14 Posterior cerebral veins15 Inferior petrosal sinus16 Straight sinus17 Internal jugular vein18 Superior veins of cerebellar

hemisphere19 Confluence of sinuses20 Transverse sinus21 Inferior veins of cerebellar

hemisphere22 Sigmoid sinus

Venous 161

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162 Neck


Axial 163

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2527

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1 Orbicularis oris muscle2 Levator labii superioris muscle3 Maxilla (palatine process) and

incisive canal4 Levator anguli oris muscle5 Maxillary sinus6 Major zygomaticus muscle7 Soft palate8 Masseter muscle9 Nasopharynx

10 Medial pterygoid muscle11 Temporal muscle12 Tensor veli palatini muscle13 Lateral pterygoid muscle14 Mandibular nerve (V3)15 Pharyngotympanic tube (audi-

tory tube) (torus levatorius)16 Maxillary artery17 Longus capitis muscle18 Retromandibular vein19 Ramus of mandible20 Levator veli palatini muscle

21 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)22 Occipital bone, basilar part

(basion)23 Internal carotid artery24 Parotid gland25 Vagus nerve (X)26 Internal jugular vein

(superior bulb)27 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)28 Vertebral artery29 Interpeduncular cistern30 Sigmoid sinus31 Mastoid cells32 Medulla oblongata33 Vermis34 Tonsil of cerebellum35 Occipital bone36 Cerebellar hemisphere

(posterior lobe)37 Cisterna magna (posterior

cerebellomedullary cistern)38 Semispinalis capitis muscle


164 Neck


Axial 165

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1 Orbicularis oris muscle2 Levator anguli oris muscle3 Maxilla (alveolar process)4 Hard palate5 Buccinator muscle6 Zygomaticus muscle7 Soft palate8 Facial artery9 Lateral pterygoid muscle

10 Masseter muscle11 Medial pterygoid muscle12 Temporal muscle13 Levator veli palatini muscle14 Ramus of mandible15 Splenius capitis muscle16 Tensor veli palatini muscle17 Longus capitis muscle18 Nasopharynx19 Anterior arch of atlas20 Internal carotid artery21 Internal jugular vein22 Parotid gland

23 Retromandibular vein24 Vagus nerve (X)25 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle26 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)27 Medulla oblongata28 Accessory nerve (XI)29 Mastoid cells (mastoid process)30 Occipital bone, basilar part

(basion)31 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)32 Interpeduncular cistern33 Splenius capitis muscle34 Condylar canal with emissary veins35 Tonsil of cerebellum36 Vertebral artery37 Occipital bone38 Cerebellar hemisphere

(posterior lobe)39 Semispinalis capitis muscle40 Cisterna magna (posterior

cerebellomedullary cistern)


166 Neck


Axial 167

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1 Orbicularis oris muscle2 Levator anguli oris muscle3 Hard palate4 Maxilla (alveolar process)5 Facial artery6 Buccinator muscle7 Soft palate8 Masseter muscle9 Lateral pterygoid muscle

10 Ramus of mandible11 Medial pterygoid muscle12 Tensor veli palatini muscle13 Superior constrictor muscle of

pharynx14 Pharynx15 Longus capitis muscle16 Internal carotid artery17 Atlas (anterior arch)18 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)19 Maxillary artery and vein

20 Vagus nerve (X)21 Retromandibular vein22 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)23 Stylopharyngeus muscle24 Accessory nerve (XI)25 Parotid gland26 Atlas, transverse process27 Dens of axis28 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)29 Medulla oblongata30 Transverse ligament of atlas31 Vertebral artery32 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle33 Atlas, posterior arch34 Obliquus capitis superior muscle35 Rectus capitis posterior minor

muscle36 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle37 Semispinalis capitis muscle38 Splenius capitis muscle


168 Neck

1 Upper lip2 Incisors (1 and 2 left)3 Orbicularis oris muscle

4 Canine tooth (3 left)5 Levator anguli oris muscle6 Premolar teeth (4 and 5 left)


Axial 169

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7 Tongue8 Molar teeth (6,7 and 8)9 Buccinator muscle

10 Facial artery11 Uvula12 Masseter muscle13 Tensor veli palatini muscle14 Ramus of mandible with

alveolar canal15 Superior constrictor muscle of

pharynx16 Medial pterygoid muscle17 Longus capitis muscle18 Oropharynx19 Styloglossus muscle20 Pharyngeal venous plexus21 Stylopharyngeus muscle22 Parotid gland and

retromandibular vein23 Maxillary artery24 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

25 Internal carotid artery26 Hypoglossus nerve (XII)27 Atlas (anterior arch)28 Vagus nerve (X)29 Transverse process and foramen

transversarium30 Accessory nerve (XI)31 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)32 Atlas, lateral mass33 Sternocleidomastoid muscle34 Dens of axis35 Spinal cord36 Transverse ligament of atlas37 Deep cervical veins38 Longissimus capitis muscle39 Trapezius muscle40 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle41 Semispinalis capitis muscle42 Splenius capitis muscle43 Nuchal ligament


170 Neck


Axial 171

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1 Orbicularis oris muscle2 Tongue (genioglossus muscle)3 Levator anguli oris muscle4 Mandible5 Facial artery6 Hypoglossus muscle7 Uvula8 Masseter muscle9 Oropharynx

10 Palatine tonsil11 Medial pterygoid muscle12 Superior constrictor muscle of

pharynx13 Palatopharyngeus muscle14 External carotid artery15 Longus capitis muscle16 Facial nerve (VII)17 Stylohyoid muscle, styloglossus

muscle18 Retromandibular vein19 Internal carotid artery

20 Hypoglossus nerve (XII)21 Parotid gland22 Internal jugular vein23 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)24 Vagus nerve (X)25 Longissimus cervicis muscle26 Accessory nerve (XI)27 Levator scapulae muscle28 Longus colli muscle29 Sternocleidomastoid muscle30 Vertebral artery31 Longissimus capitis muscle32 Axis, body33 Splenius capitis muscle34 Spinal cord35 Deep cervical veins36 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle37 Semispinalis capitis muscle38 Trapezius muscle39 Nuchal ligament


172 Neck


Axial 173

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3839

10

1 Orbicularis oris muscle2 Depressor anguli oris muscle3 Mandible4 Mylohyoid muscle5 Genioglossus muscle6 Masseter muscle7 Hyoglossus muscle8 Submandibular gland9 Oropharynx

10 Superior constrictor muscle ofpharynx

11 Palatopharyngeus muscle12 Longus capitis muscle13 Middle constrictor muscle of

pharynx14 External carotid artery15 Medial pterygoid muscle16 Parotid gland17 Styloglossus muscle and

stylohyoid muscle18 Internal carotid artery19 Longus colli muscle

20 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)21 Axis, body22 Internal jugular vein23 Retromandibular vein24 Accessory nerve (XI)25 Vertebral artery26 Vagus nerve (X)27 Sternocleidomastoid muscle28 Longissimus cervicis muscle29 Longissimus capitis muscle30 Levator scapulae muscle31 Spinal cord32 Semispinalis capitis muscle33 Spinalis capitis muscle and

multifidus muscle34 Semispinalis cervicis muscle35 Spinous process of vertebra36 Splenius capitis muscle37 Deep cervical veins38 Trapezius muscle39 Nuchal ligament


174 Neck


Axial 175

40

32

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1 Mentalis muscle2 Depressor anguli oris muscle3 Mandible4 Platysma5 Genioglossus muscle6 Mylohyoid muscle7 Hyoglossus muscle8 Epiglottis9 Root of tongue

10 Submandibular gland11 Styloglossus muscle12 Oropharynx13 Stylohyoid muscle14 Palatopharyngeus muscle15 Digastric muscle (posterior

belly)16 Middle constrictor muscle of

pharynx17 Hypopharynx18 External carotid artery19 Longus capitis muscle20 Superior laryngeal nerve (vagus

nerve)

21 Longus colli muscle22 Internal carotid artery23 External jugular vein24 Internal jugular vein25 Cervical vertebra C3 (body)26 Accessory nerve (XI)27 Spinal nerve root C428 Vagus nerve (X)29 Spinal cord30 Sternocleidomastoid muscle31 Posterior arch of C332 Vertebral artery33 Deep cervical veins34 Levator scapulae muscle35 Spinous process36 Ligamentum flavum37 Splenius capitis muscle38 Spinalis cervicis muscle39 Nuchal ligament40 Semispinalis capitis muscle41 Trapezius muscle


176 Neck


Axial 177

29

1

3

5

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1 Mandible2 Depressor anguli oris muscle3 Mylohyoid muscle4 Digastric muscle (anterior belly)5 Geniohyoid muscle6 Hyoid bone (body)7 Epiglottic vallecula8 Hyoid bone (greater horn)9 Epiglottis

10 Submandibular gland11 Hypopharynx12 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx13 Piriform recess14 Longus colli muscle15 Retromandibular vein16 Superior thyroid artery17 Platysma18 Longus capitis muscle19 Common carotid artery

(bifurcation)

20 Vagus nerve (X)21 Internal jugular vein22 Spinal nerve (C3)23 External jugular vein24 Spinal nerve (C2)25 Vertebral artery26 Sternocleidomastoid muscle27 Spinal nerve root (C4)28 Intervertebral space (C3/C4)29 Zygapophysial joint30 Spinal cord31 Levator scapulae muscle32 Ligamentum flavum33 Deep cervical veins34 Posterior arch of C3 vertebra35 Semispinalis capitis muscle36 Spinalis cervicis muscle37 Trapezius muscle38 Semispinalis cervicis muscle39 Splenius capitis muscle40 Nuchal ligament


178 Neck


1 Thyrohyoid muscle2 Sternohyoid muscle3 Epiglottis (cartilage)4 Laryngeal vestibule5 Hypopharynx6 Aryepiglottic fold7 Submandibular gland8 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx9 Platysma

10 Common carotid artery11 Cervical vertebra C4 (body)12 Longus colli muscle13 Internal jugular vein14 Longus capitis muscle15 Longissimus capitis muscle16 Sternocleidomastoid muscle

17 External jugular vein18 Spinal nerve (C4)19 Spinal cord20 Spinal nerve (C3)21 Spinalis cervicis muscle22 Vertebral artery23 Deep cervical veins24 Spinal nerve root (C5)25 Longissimus cervicis muscle26 Middle scalene muscle27 Semispinalis cervicis muscle28 Levator scapulae muscle29 Splenius capitis muscle30 Splenius cervicis muscle31 Nuchal ligament32 Semispinalis capitis muscle33 Trapezius muscle

Axial 179

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180 Neck


1 Sternohyoid muscle2 Thyrohyoid muscle3 Thyroid cartilage (lamina)4 Platysma5 Laryngeal vestibule6 Aryepiglottic fold7 Hypopharynx8 Anterior jugular vein9 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx10 Sternocleidomastoid muscle11 Common carotid artery12 Vagus nerve (X)13 Longus colli muscle14 Longus capitis muscle15 Internal jugular vein16 Spinal nerve (C4)17 Transverse process of C5

vertebra18 Spinal nerve (C5)

19 External jugular vein20 Middle scalene muscle21 Cervical vertebra C5 (body)22 Vertebral artery23 Spinal cord24 Posterior scalene muscle25 Posterior arch of C6 vertebra26 Spinal nerve root (C6)27 Ligamentum flavum28 Inferior articular process

of vertebra29 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle30 Levator scapulae muscle31 Semispinalis cervicis muscle32 Longissimus cervicis muscle33 Semispinalis capitis muscle34 Splenius cervicis muscle35 Trapezius muscle36 Splenius capitis muscle

Axial 181

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182 Neck


Axial 183

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1 Sternohyoid muscle2 Thyrohyoid muscle3 Omohyoid muscle4 Larynx5 Thyroid cartilage (lamina)6 Anterior jugular vein7 Platysma8 Piriform recess9 Arytenoid cartilage

10 Thyroid gland11 Cricoid cartilage12 Hypopharynx13 Common carotid artery14 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx15 Internal jugular vein16 Vagus nerve (X)17 Longus colli muscle18 Phrenic nerve19 External jugular vein20 Longus capitis muscle21 Cervical vertebra C5 (body)

22 Anterior scalene muscle23 Sternocleidomastoid muscle24 Posterior scalene muscle25 Longissimus cervicis muscle26 Spinal nerve (C4)27 Anterior and posterior nerve roots28 Middle scalene muscle29 Spinal cord30 Vertebral artery31 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle32 Spinal nerve (C5)33 Splenius cervicis muscle34 Levator scapulae muscle35 Semispinalis capitis muscle36 Inferior articular process of vertebra37 Splenius capitis nerve38 Spinal nerve root (C6)39 Trapezius muscle40 Posterior arch of C6 vertebra41 Semispinalis cervicis muscle42 Spinous process of C6 vertebra


184 Neck


Axial 185

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40

1 Glottis2 Cricoid cartilage3 Sternohyoid muscle4 Arytenoid cartilage5 Vocalis muscle6 Anterior jugular vein7 Omohyoid muscle8 Longus colli muscle9 Thyroid cartilage (lamina)

10 Longus capitis muscle11 Thyrohyoid muscle12 Platysma13 Thyroid gland14 Sternocleidomastoid muscle15 Common carotid artery16 Spinal nerves (C4 and C5)17 Internal jugular vein18 Vertebral artery19 External jugular vein20 Spinal nerve (C6)21 Phrenic nerve

22 Longissimus capitis muscle23 Vagus nerve (X)24 Zygapophysial joint25 Middle scalene muscle26 Longissimus cervicis muscle27 Anterior scalene muscle28 Semispinalis capitis muscle29 Posterior scalene muscle30 Splenius cervicis muscle and

splenius capitis muscle31 Levator scapulae muscle32 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle33 Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle34 Semispinalis cervicis muscle35 Hypopharynx/esophagus36 Spinal cord37 Trapezius muscle38 Cervical vertebra C539 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx40 Nerve root (C7)


186 Neck


1 Larynx2 Sternohyoid muscle3 Vocalis muscle (vocal cord)4 Thyroid cartilage (lamina)5 Thyrohyoid muscle6 Thyroid gland7 Arytenoid cartilage8 Anterior jugular vein9 Transverse arytenoid muscle

10 Platysma11 Common carotid artery12 Sternocleidomastoid muscle13 Internal jugular vein14 Phrenic muscle15 Vagus nerve (X)16 Longus capitis muscle17 External jugular vein18 Anterior scalene muscle19 Hypopharynx/esophagus20 Middle scalene muscle

21 Spinal nerves (C4 and C5)22 Posterior scalene muscle23 Longus colli muscle24 Spinal nerve root (C6)25 Longissimus capitis muscle26 Longissimus cervicis muscle27 Vertebral artery28 Splenius cervicis muscle29 Levator scapulae muscle30 Semispinalis capitis muscle31 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx32 Intervertebral space (C5/C6)33 Spinal cord34 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle35 Ligamentum flavum36 Posterior vertebral arch37 Splenius capitis muscle38 Trapezius muscle39 Semispinalis cervicis muscle

Axial 187

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188 Neck


Axial 189

35

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91113

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272931

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1 Larynx2 Thyroid cartilage3 Thyro-arytenoid muscle4 Anterior jugular vein5 Sternohyoid muscle6 Transverse arytenoid muscle7 Thyrohyoid muscle8 Vagus nerve (X)9 Sternothyroid muscle

10 Platysma11 Cricoid cartilage (lamina)12 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx13 Thyroid gland14 Longus colli muscle15 Thyroid cartilage (inferior

horn)16 Longus capitis muscle17 Common carotid artery18 Anterior scalene muscle19 Internal jugular vein20 Sternocleidomastoid muscle21 External jugular vein22 Cervical vertebra (C6)

23 Phrenic nerve24 Spinal nerves (C4, C5, and C6)25 Esophagus26 Vertebral artery27 Middle scalene muscle28 Longissimus capitis muscle29 Posterior scalene muscle30 Longissimus cervicis muscle31 Levator scapulae muscle32 Spinal nerve root (C7)33 Articular process and posterior

arch of C7 vertebra34 Semispinalis capitis muscle35 Spinal cord36 Splenius cervicis muscle37 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle38 Anterior and posterior spinal nerve

roots (C8)39 Semispinalis cervicis muscle40 Trapezius muscle41 Splenius capitis muscle42 Spinous process of vertebra


190 Neck


1 Sternohyoid muscle2 Cricoid cartilage (arch)3 Trachea4 Cricothyroid muscle5 Sternothyroid muscle6 Platysma7 Thyroid gland8 Anterior jugular vein9 Omohyoid muscle

10 Vagus nerve (X)11 Esophagus12 Common carotid artery13 Sternocleidomastoid muscle14 Internal jugular vein15 Longus colli muscle16 Phrenic muscle17 External jugular vein18 Vertebral artery19 Anterior scalene muscle20 Spinal nerves (C4, C5, and C6)

21 Intervertebral space (C6/C7)22 Spinal nerve root (C7)23 Middle scalene muscle24 Zygapophysial joint (C6/C7)25 Posterior scalene muscle26 Longissimus capitis muscle27 Spinal cord28 Longissimus cervicis muscle29 Semispinalis capitis muscle30 Splenius cervicis muscle31 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle32 Levator scapulae muscle33 Trapezius muscle34 Semispinalis cervicis muscle35 Spinous process of vertebra36 Serratus posterior superior muscle37 Rhomboid minor muscle38 Splenius capitis muscle39 Nuchal ligament

Axial 191

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192 Neck


1 Anterior jugular vein2 Sternohyoid muscle3 Sternothyoid muscle4 Platysma5 Thyroid gland6 Sternocleidomastoid muscle7 Esophagus8 Trachea9 Common carotid artery

10 Vagus nerve (X)11 Internal jugular vein12 Inferior thyroid artery13 Longus colli muscle14 Phrenic nerve15 External jugular vein16 Anterior scalene muscle17 Spinal nerves (C5, C6, and C7)18 Vertebral artery19 Cervical vertebra (C7)

20 Spinal cord21 Middle scalene muscle22 First rib23 Posterior scalene muscle24 Transverse process of vertebra25 Spinal nerve root (C8)26 Serratus posterior superior muscle27 Levator scapulae muscle28 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle29 Iliocostalis cervicis muscle30 Semispinalis cervicis muscle31 Longissimus cervicis muscle32 Interspinous ligament33 Splenius cervicis muscle34 Trapezius muscle35 Semispinalis capitis muscle36 Rhomboid minor muscle37 Splenius capitis muscle

Axial 193

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194 Neck


1 Thyroid gland2 Esophagus3 Anterior jugular vein4 Inferior thyroid vein5 Trachea6 Platysma7 Sternocleidomastoid muscle8 Internal jugular vein9 Vagus nerve (X)

10 Phrenic nerve11 Common carotid artery12 Anterior scalene muscle13 Vertebral artery14 Spinal nerves (C5, C6, and C7)15 External jugular vein16 Spinal nerve root (C8)17 Longus colli muscle18 Transverse process of T1

vertebra19 Middle scalene muscle

20 Intercostal muscles21 Superior posterior margin of T1

vertebra22 Spinal cord23 Posterior scalene muscle24 Iliocostalis cervicis muscle25 First rib26 Levator scapulae muscle27 Intervertebral space (C7/T1)28 Serratus posterior superior

muscle29 Semispinalis capitis muscle30 Splenius cervicis muscle31 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle32 Splenius capitis muscle33 Semispinalis cervicis muscle34 Trapezius muscle35 Rhomboid minor muscle36 Interspinous ligament

Axial 195

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196 Neck


1 Anterior jugular vein2 Trachea3 Sternocleidomastoid muscle4 Thyroid gland5 Common carotid artery6 Sternohyoid muscle7 Platysma8 Esophagus9 Internal jugular vein

10 Longus colli muscle11 Vagus nerve (X)12 Vertebral artery13 Phrenic nerve14 Vertebra (T1)15 External jugular vein16 Cervical plexus (C5 to C8)17 Anterior scalene muscle18 Middle scalene muscle19 Spinal nerve root (T1)20 Posterior scalene muscle

21 Intercostal muscles22 First rib23 Transverse process of T1 vertebra24 Costovertebral joint25 Ligamentum flavum26 Spinal cord27 Levator scapulae muscle28 Semispinalis capitis muscle29 Serratus posterior superior muscle30 Iliocostalis cervicis muscle31 Semispinalis cervicis muscle32 Spinalis cervicis muscle and

multifidus muscle33 Trapezius muscle34 Splenius cervicis muscle35 Spinous process of vertebra36 Splenius capitis muscle37 Interspinous ligament38 Rhomboid minor muscle

Axial 197

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198 Cervical Lymph Nodes

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Cervical lymph nodes

1 Submental lymph nodes2 Submandibular lymph nodes3 Retropharyngeal lymph nodes4 Preauricular lymph nodes5 Superior jugular group of lymph nodes6 Deep cervical lymph nodes7 Nuchal lymph nodes8 Anterior jugular lymph nodes9 Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Lymph nodes (classified according to levels)Level 1a (submental lymph nodesbetween digastric muscles)

Level 1b (submandibular lymph nodes)Level 2a (lymph nodes anterior, medial,or lateral to the internal jugular vein)Level 2b (Lymph nodes dorsal to the internaljugular vein and separated from the vein by alamella of fat)Level 3 (lymph nodes along the jugular vein)Level 5a (lymph nodes in the posterior triangle,upper level = above arch of cricoid cartilage)

Level 6 (upper visceral lymph nodes:ventral between the carotid arteries)


Axial 199

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Cervical lymph nodes3 Retropharyngeal lymph nodes6 Deep cervical lymph nodes7 Nuchal lymph nodes8 Anterior jugular lymph nodes

10 Prelaryngeal lymph nodes11 Inferior jugular group of lymph nodes12 Anterior cervical lymph nodes13 Pretracheal lymph nodes14 Thyroid lymph nodes15 Paratracheal lymph nodes16 Supraclavicular lymph nodes17 Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Lymph nodes (classified according to levels)

Level 3 (lymph nodes along the jugular vein)

Level 4 (lymph nodes of the lower jugular vein)

Level 5a (lymph nodes of the posterior triangle,upper level = above arch of cricoid cartilage)

Level 5b (lymph nodes of the posterior triangle,lower level = below arch of cricoid cartilage)

Level 6 (upper visceral lymph nodes: ventralbetween the carotid arteries)


200 Cervical Spaces

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B

C

D

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F


Axial 201

Cervical fasciae

A Superficial cervical fascia (fascia colli superficialis)

B Pharyngobasilar fascia

C Middle layer of deep cervical fascia (pretracheal layer)

D Intercarotid fascia

E Carotid sheath

F Deep layer of deep cervical fascia (prevertebral layer)

Cervical spaces1 Masticatory space (chewing muscles, ramus and body of mandible, inferior

alveolar nerve, maxillary artery, pterygoid plexus, lingual nerve)

2 Parapharyngeal space (trigeminal nerve, pharyngeal artery)

3 Superficial mucosal space (submucosal salivary glands, lymphatic tissue)

4 Retropharyngeal space5 Parotid space (parotid gland, facial nerve, external carotid artery,

retromandibular vein)6 Carotid space (carotid artery, jugular vein, cranial nerves IX–XII,

sympathetic trunk)

7 Prevertebral space (prevertebral and paraspinal muscles, phrenic nerve)

8 Visceral space (thyroid gland, paratracheal space)

9 Perivertebral space (prevertebral part)

10 Perivertebral space (paraspinal part)

8A

D

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202 Larynx

1

2

1

2


1 Suprahyoid muscles (mylo-and geniohyoid muscles,hypoglossus muscle)

2 Hyoid bone (body)3 Pre-epiglottic space4 Submandibular gland5 Glossoepiglottic fold6 Epiglottic vallecula7 Hyoid bone (greater horn)8 Epiglottis9 Anterior jugular vein

10 Parotid gland11 Hypopharynx

12 External carotid artery13 Internal carotid artery14 Cervical vertebra (C3)15 Internal jugular vein16 Infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid

and sternothyroid muscles)17 Pharyngoepiglottic fold18 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx19 Carotid bifurcation20 Longus colli muscle21 Vertebral artery

Axial 203

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204 Larynx

3

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1 Thyrohyoid membrane2 Infrahyoid muscles

(sternothyroid, omohyoid,thyrohyoid)

3 Pre-epiglottic space4 Platysma5 Epiglottis6 Larynx7 Piriform recess8 Aryepiglottic fold9 Anterior jugular vein

10 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx11 Common carotid artery12 Longus colli muscle13 Internal jugular vein14 Vertebral artery15 Superior thyroid notch16 Stalk of epiglottis17 Vestibular folds18 Thyroid cartilage (lamina)19 Thyroid cartilage (superior horn)20 Body of cervical vertebra (C4)

Axial 205

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206 Larynx

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1 Infrahyoid muscles(sternothyroid, omohyoid andthyrohyoid muscles)

2 Thyroid cartilage3 Thyro-arytenoid muscle4 Larynx (vestibule)5 Paralaryngeal space6 Piriform recess7 Arytenoid cartilage (vocal

process)8 Arytenoid cartilage (body)9 Thyroid cartilage

(superior horn)10 Transverse arytenoid muscle11 Cricoid cartilage

12 Common carotid artery13 Internal jugular vein14 Longus colli muscle15 Body of cervical vertebra C416 Vertebral artery17 Laryngeal prominence18 Rima glottidis19 Vocalis muscle20 True vocal cord21 Anterior jugular vein22 Thyroid gland23 Oblique arytenoid muscle24 Esophagus25 Body of cervical vertebra C5

Axial 207

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208 Larynx

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1 Infrahyoid muscles(sternohyoid, omohyoid andsternothyroid muscles)

2 Anterior laryngeal commissure3 Vocalis muscle4 Thyroid cartilage5 Anterior jugular vein6 Infraglottic cavity7 Cricothyroid joint8 Cricoid cartilage (lamina)9 Thyroid gland

10 Inferior constrictor muscle ofpharynx

11 Longus colli muscle12 Body of cervical vertebra (C6)13 Conus elasticus (cricovocal

membrane)14 Paralaryngeal space15 Sternocleidomastoid muscle16 Thyroid cartilage (inferior horn)17 Internal jugular vein18 Common carotid artery19 Esophagus20 Vertebral artery

Axial 209

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210 Neck

1 Palatine tonsil2 Foramen magnum3 Vomer4 Anterior longitudinal ligament5 Nasopharynx and longus colli

muscle

6 Apical ligament of dens7 Hard palate8 Tectorial membrane9 Incisive canal

10 Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane11 Orbicularis oris muscle


Sagittal 211

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3941434546

44

12 Anterior arch of atlas13 Soft palate14 Suboccipital fatty tissue15 Superior longitudinal muscle

of tongue and oral cavity16 Transverse ligament of atlas

(of cruciform ligamentof atlas)

17 Transverse muscle of tongue18 Dens of axis (C2)19 Genioglossus muscle and

lingual septum20 Nuchal ligament21 Mandible22 Ligamentum flavum23 Oropharynx24 Interspinalis muscles25 Geniohyoid muscle26 Transverse and oblique

arytenoid muscles27 Mylohyoid muscle

28 Vertebra C6 and intervertebral disc29 Hyoid bone30 Larynx (lamina)31 Epiglottis32 Spinous process of C733 Epiglottic vallecula34 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx35 Thyroid cartilage36 Spinal cord37 Vestibular ligament and laryngeal

ventricle (ventricle of Morgagni)38 Spinous process39 Vocal ligament (false vocal cord)40 Posterior longitudinal ligament41 Sternothyroid muscle42 Anterior longitudinal ligament43 Thyroid gland44 Esophagus45 Trachea46 Brachiocephalic artery


212 Neck

1 Levator veli palatini muscle2 Semispinalis capitis muscle3 Medial pterygoid muscle4 Atlas (lateral mass)

5 Longus capitis muscle6 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle7 Maxilla8 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle


Sagittal 213

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9 Orbicularis oris muscle10 Inferior oblique muscle11 Palatine tonsil12 Splenius capitis muscle13 Superior constrictor muscle of

pharynx14 Spinal nerve root (C3)15 Tongue16 Inferior articular process17 Sublingual gland18 Trapezius muscle

(descending part)19 Mandible20 Superior articular process21 Palatopharyngeus muscle22 Vertebral artery23 Mylohoid muscle24 Multifidus muscle25 Digastric muscle (anterior

belly)

26 Semispinalis cervicis muscle27 Hyoid bone28 Longus colli muscle29 Pharynx and epiglottic vallecula30 Spinal nerve root (T1)31 Thyroid cartilage32 Serratus posterior superior muscle33 Cricoid cartilage34 Trapezius muscle35 Platysma36 Splenius cervicis muscle37 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx38 Left subclavian artery39 Thyroid gland40 Left lung41 Sternohyoid muscle42 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle43 Common carotid artery44 Aortic arch45 Left brachiocephalic vein


214 Neck

1 Maxillary sinus2 Internal carotid artery (carotid

syphon)3 Medial pterygoid muscle

4 Mandibular nerve5 Levator labii superioris muscle6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)7 Digastric muscle


Sagittal 215

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8 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle9 Mylohyoid muscle

10 Tensor veli palatini muscle11 Orbicularis orbis muscle12 Obliquus capitis superior

muscle13 Mandible14 Rectus capitis posterior major

muscle15 Submandibular gland16 Atlas (transverse process)17 Facial vein18 Semispinalis capitis muscle19 Longus colli muscle20 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle21 Platysma22 Vertebral artery23 Transverse processes and spi-

nal nerve roots24 Internal carotid artery

25 Common carotid artery26 Semispinalis cervicis muscle27 Scalenus anterior muscle28 Scalenus posterior muscle29 Sternocleidomastoid muscle30 Splenius capitis muscle31 Thyroid gland32 Trapezius muscle33 Subclavian artery34 First rib35 Internal jugular vein36 Semispinalis cervicis muscle37 Subclavian vein (left)38 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle39 Clavicle40 Interspinalis muscle41 Brachiocephalic vein (left)42 Serratus anterior muscle43 Lung (left)


216 Neck


Sagittal 217

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39 41

1 Temporal muscle2 Internal carotid artery (syphon)3 Lateral pterygoid muscle4 Pharyngotympanic tube (audi-

tory tube)5 Maxillary sinus6 Internal jugular vein7 Styloid process8 Rectus capitis posterior minor

muscle9 Parotid gland

10 Deep cervical veins11 Medial pterygoid muscle12 Atlas (transverse process)13 Buccinator muscle14 Rectus capitis posterior major

muscle15 Stylohyoid muscle16 Obliquus capitis muscle17 Digastric muscle18 Semispinalis capitis muscle19 Mandible

20 Levator scapulae muscle21 Platysma22 Semispinalis cervicis muscle23 Facial vein24 External carotid artery25 Submandibular gland26 Common carotid artery27 External jugular vein28 Splenius capitis muscle29 Sternocleidomastoid muscle30 Semispinalis cervicis muscle31 Scalenus medius muscle32 Trapezius muscle33 Subclavian artery (left)34 Scalenus posterior muscle35 Subclavian vein (left)36 Brachial plexus37 Clavicle38 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle39 Lung (left)40 Multifidus muscle41 Interspinalis muscle


218 Neck


Sagittal 219

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36

1 Maxillary sinus2 External acoustic meatus3 Temporal muscle4 Sigmoid sinus5 Lateral pterygoid muscle6 Internal jugular vein7 Ramus of the mandible8 Obliquus capitis posterior

major and minor muscles9 Buccinator muscle

10 Semispinalis capitis muscle11 Medial pterygoid muscle12 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle13 Orbicularis oris muscle14 Transverse process of cervical

vertebra C115 Mandible16 Obliquus capitis superior

muscle17 Submandibular gland18 Splenius capitis muscle

19 Platysma20 Levator scapulae muscle21 Common facial vein22 Cervical veins23 Sternocleidomastoid muscle24 Trapezius muscle25 Scalenus medius muscle26 Semispinalis cervicis muscle27 Internal jugular vein28 First rib29 Scalenus anterior muscle30 Interspinalis muscle31 Brachial plexus32 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle33 Subclavian artery (left)34 Serratus anterior muscle35 Subclavian vein (left)36 Lung37 Clavicle38 Subclavian muscle39 Pectoralis major muscle


220 Neck


Sagittal 221

1

3

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7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

1 Lacrimal gland2 Stylomastoid foramen3 Temporal muscle4 Obliquus capitis superior

muscle5 Articular tubercle6 Styloid process7 Head of mandible and

articular disc8 Facial nerve9 Zygomatic bone

10 Splenius capitis muscle11 Lateral pterygoid muscle12 Digastric muscle (posterior

belly)13 Inferior alveolar nerve14 Parotid gland15 Masseter muscle16 Semispinalis capitis muscle17 Mandible18 External carotid artery

19 Mandibular canal20 Levator scapulae muscle21 Platysma22 Scalenus posterior muscle23 Submandibular gland24 Trapezius muscle25 Sternocleidomastoid muscle26 Scalenus medius muscle27 Lymph nodes28 Rhomboid minor muscle29 Scalenus anterior muscle30 Brachial plexus31 Subclavian artery (left)32 Serratus anterior muscle33 Clavicle34 Interspinalis muscle35 Subclavian muscle36 Fourth rib37 Pectoralis major muscle38 Rhomboid major muscle39 Lung (left)


222 Cervical Spaces

Nasal vestibule(nasal cavity)

Nasopharynx

Isthmus of fauces (oropharyngeal isthmus)

Oropharynx

Oral cavity proper

Esophagus

Laryngeal vestibule

Laryngeal part of pharynx

Infraglottic cavity

Trachea

Laryngeal ventricle


Sagittal 223


224 Neck


Coronal 225

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

2468101214

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

1 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)2 Levator palpebrae superioris

muscle3 Ethmoidal cells (anterior)4 Superior rectus muscle5 Temporal muscle6 Superior oblique muscle7 Nasal septum8 Optic nerve (II)9 Middle nasal concha

10 Lateral rectus muscle11 Inferior nasal concha12 Medial rectus muscle13 Mandible14 Inferior rectus muscle15 Longitudinal muscle of tongue16 Zygomatic bone (temporal

process)17 Masseter muscle18 Maxillary sinus19 Lingual septum

20 Hard palate21 Mandible22 Buccinator muscle23 Mylohoid muscle24 Transverse muscle of tongue25 Digastric muscle (anterior belly)26 Hypoglossus muscle27 Platysma28 Genioglossus muscle29 Vestibular fold30 Geniohyoid muscle31 Glottis32 Thyrohyoid muscle33 Thyroid cartilage34 Laryngeal ventricle35 Infraglottic cavity36 Vocalis muscle37 Trachea38 Cricoid cartilage39 Sternohyoid muscle


226 Neck

1 Superior orbital fissure2 Optic nerve (II)3 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)4 Trochlear nerve (IV)

5 Temporal bone6 Frontal nerve7 Foramen rotundum with maxillary nerve

(V2)


Coronal 227

1

3

579

1113151719212325272931

33

35

37

39

2468101214161820222426

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

41

43

45

42

44

8 Superior ophthalmic vein9 Pterygopalatine fossa

10 Sphenoidal sinus11 Dorsal nasal cavity and nasal

septum12 Zygomatic bone (temporal

process)13 Pterygoid fossa14 Temporal muscle15 Lateral pterygoid process16 Maxillary artery17 Medial pterygoid process18 Facial nerve (VII)19 Soft palate20 Medial pterygoid muscle21 Mandible (ramus)22 Longitudinal muscle of tongue23 Masseter muscle24 Transverse muscle of tongue25 Hypoglossus muscle

26 Facial artery27 Submandibular gland28 Mylohoid muscle29 Vertical muscle of tongue30 Platysma31 Lingual septum32 Hyoid bone33 Thyrohyoid muscle34 Geniohyoid muscle35 Laryngeal ventricle36 Thyroid cartilage37 Infraglottic cavity38 Cricoid cartilage39 Larynx40 Cricothyroid muscle41 Anterior jugular vein42 Sternohyoid muscle43 Suprasternal space44 Clavicle45 Sternoclavicular joint


228 Neck


Coronal 229

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

1 Temporal muscle2 Sphenoidal sinus3 Vomer4 Zygomatic bone (temporal

process)5 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)6 Pharyngotympanic tube

(auditory tube) (cartilage)7 Lateral and medial plates of

pterygoid process8 Lateral pterygoid muscle9 Peripharyngeal space

10 Nasopharynx11 Masseter muscle12 Levator veli palatini muscle13 Oropharynx14 Medial pterygoid muscle15 Transverse muscle of tongue16 Soft palate17 Hypoglossus muscle18 Mandible

19 Digastric muscle20 Genioglossus muscle21 Facial artery22 Submandibular gland23 Epiglottic vallecula24 Hyoid bone (greater horn)25 Laryngeal vestibule26 Platysma27 Piriform recess28 Aryepiglottic muscle with

aryepiglottic fold29 Omohyoid muscle30 Thyroid cartilage31 Thyroarytenoid muscle32 Arytenoid cartilage33 Sternocleidomastoid muscle34 Trachea35 Anterior jugular vein36 Thyroid gland37 Clavicle38 Inferior thyroid veins


230 Neck

1 Temporal muscle2 Sphenoidal sinus3 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)4 Oropharynx

5 Zygomatic bone6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

(cartilage)7 Pharyngeal tonsil


Coronal 231

2468101214161820222426283032

34

36

38

40

42

44

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

46

45

8 Lateral pterygoid muscle9 Torus tubarius

10 Tensor veli palatini muscle11 Pharyngeal opening of

auditory tube12 Maxillary artery13 Parotid gland14 Levator veli palatini muscle15 Inferior alveolar nerve16 Medial pterygoid muscle17 Masseter muscle18 Soft palate and uvula19 Ramus of mandible20 Palatopharyngeus muscle21 Styloglossus muscle22 Facial artery23 Oropharynx24 Palatine tonsil25 Hyoid bone26 Digastric muscle

27 Epiglottic vallecula28 Submandibular gland29 Epiglottis30 Laryngeal inlet31 External carotid artery32 Internal carotid artery33 Thyroid cartilage34 Interarytenoid notch35 Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle36 Middle constrictor muscle of pharynx37 Sternocleidomastoid muscle38 Common carotid artery39 Thyroid gland40 Trachea41 Internal jugular vein42 Subclavian vein43 Subclavian artery (right)44 Aorta45 Brachiocephalic trunk46 Lung (right)


232 Neck


Coronal 233

1

35

79

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

39

32

34

36

38

1 Temporal muscle2 Sphenoidal sinus3 Internal carotid artery (syphon)4 Trigeminal cavity5 Zygomatic process6 Socket of temporomandibular

joint (temporal bone)7 Nasopharynx8 Articular disc9 Lateral pterygoid muscle

10 Head of mandible11 Lingual nerve12 Pharyngotympanic tube

(auditory tube)13 Parotid gland14 Levator veli palatini muscle15 Medial pterygoid muscle16 Maxillary artery17 Stylopharyngeus muscle18 Longus capitis muscle19 Digastric muscle

20 Oropharynx21 Longus colli muscle22 Longus capitis muscle23 Vagus nerve (X)24 Internal carotid artery25 Spinal nerve roots (cervical plexus)26 External jugular vein27 Anterior scalene muscle28 Sternocleidomastoid muscle29 Inferior constrictor muscle of

pharynx30 Internal jugular vein31 Subclavian vein32 Vertebral artery33 Trachea34 Esophagus35 Brachiocephalic trunk36 Vertebral vein37 Lung (right)38 Common carotid artery39 Aortic arch


234 Neck


1 Clivus2 Internal carotid artery (syphon)3 Articular disc4 Petrous part of temporal bone5 Head of mandible6 Rectus capitis anterior muscle7 Maxillary artery8 Anterior atlanto-occipital

membrane9 Parotid gland

10 Atlas (lateral mass)11 Styloid process12 Atlanto-axial joint13 Retromandibular vein14 Internal carotid artery15 Digastric muscle16 Axis17 Spinal nerve root C318 Vertebral artery

19 Spinal nerve root C420 Longus colli muscle21 External jugular vein22 Internal jugular vein23 Spinal nerve root C524 Sternocleidomastoid muscle25 Lymph nodes26 Anterior scalene muscle27 Spinal nerve root C628 Costal process29 Spinal nerve root C730 Vertebral artery (left)31 Spinal nerve root C832 Subclavian artery33 Suprascapular artery34 Internal carotid artery35 Esophagus36 Lung (right)37 Trachea

Coronal 235

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17

19

21

23

25

27

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31

33

35

36

37

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14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34


236 Neck


1 Temporal muscle2 Petrous part of temporal bone3 External acoustic meatus4 Tympanic cavity5 Occipital condyle6 Clivus7 Atlanto-occipital joint8 Styloid process9 Accessory nerve (XI) and

hypoglossus nerve (XII)10 Stylopharyngeus muscle11 Atlas (lateral mass)12 Alar ligaments13 Dens of axis14 Atlas (transverse process)15 Vagus nerve (X)16 Vertebral artery17 Internal jugular vein

18 Parotid gland19 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle20 Stylohyoid muscle21 Axis (body)22 Atlanto-axial joint23 Spinal nerve roots C3–C624 Digastric muscle25 Middle scalene muscle26 Sternocleidomastoid muscle27 Spinal cord28 Articular processes C4–C629 Spinal nerve root C830 Zygapophysial joint31 First rib32 Second rib33 Posterior scalene muscle34 Lung (left)35 Esophagus

Coronal 237

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

2

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6

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18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34


238 Neck


Coronal 239

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33

35

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36

1 Temporal muscle2 Internal acoustic meatus3 Mastoid antrum4 Jugular foramen5 Vestibule6 Mastoid process7 Facial canal8 Stylomastoid foramen9 Hypoglossus canal

10 Parotid gland11 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle12 Splenius capitis muscle13 Transverse ligament14 Vertebral artery15 Atlas (posterior arch)16 Digastric muscle (posterior

belly)17 Obliquus capitis inferior

muscle

18 Spinal nerve roots19 Inferior articular process (C2)20 Spinalis cervicis muscle21 Longissimus capitis muscle22 Anterior scalene muscle23 Superior articular process (C3)24 Levator scapulae muscle25 Sternocleidomastoid muscle26 Ligamentum flavum27 Spinal cord28 Arch of C6 vertebra29 Vertebral artery30 Scalenus medius muscle31 Transverse process (C7)32 Costotransverse joint (T1)33 Second rib (head)34 Thoracic nerve (T1)35 Lung (right)36 First rib


240 Neck


1 Mastoid process (Petrous partof temporal bone)

2 Foramen magnum3 Suboccipital venous plexus4 Mastoid process5 Atlas (posterior arch)6 Digastric muscle (posterior

belly)7 Vertebral artery8 Obliquus capitis superior

muscle9 Obliquus capitis inferior

muscle10 Splenius capitis muscle11 Longissimus capitis muscle

12 Spinous process (C2)13 Levator scapulae muscle14 Sternocleidomastoid muscle15 Splenius cervicis muscle16 Deep cervical artery and vein17 Trapezius muscle18 Interspinous ligaments19 Deep cervical vein20 Multifidus muscle21 Brachial plexus22 Spinous process (C7)23 Costal process24 First rib25 Lung (right)26 Spinal cord

Coronal 241

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19

21

23

25

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14

16

18

20

22

24

26


242 Neck


1 Mastoid process2 Cisterna magna3 Deep cervical vein4 Obliquus capitis superior

muscle5 Atlas (posterior arch)6 Longissimus capitis muscle7 Spinous process of axis (C2)8 Splenius capitis muscle9 Deep cervical vein

10 Rectus capitis posterior majormuscle

11 Semispinalis cervicis muscle12 Sternocleidomastoid muscle13 Longissimus cervicis muscle14 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle

15 Levator scapulae muscle16 Semispinalis capitis muscle17 Splenius cervicis muscle18 Supraspinous and interspinous

ligaments19 Trapezius muscle20 Spinous process (C7)21 Transverse process (T2)22 Second rib23 Supraspinatus muscle24 Vertebra (T2)25 Lung (right)26 Spinal cord27 Transverse process (T4)28 Vertebra (T4)

Coronal 243

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19

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27

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20

22

24

26

28


244 Neck


1 Occipital bone2 Obliquus capitis superior

muscle3 Longissimus capitis muscle4 Rectus capitis posterior major

muscle5 Rectus capitis posterior minor

muscle6 Sternocleidomastoid muscle7 Deep cervical vein8 Spinous process of axis (C2)9 Nuchal ligament

10 Splenius capitis muscle11 Semispinalis cervicis muscle

12 Semispinalis capitis muscle13 Trapezius muscle14 Spinous process15 Rhomboid muscle16 Multifidus muscle17 Levator scapulae muscle18 Interspinous ligament19 Second rib20 Intercostal muscle21 Arch of T3 vertebra22 Costotransverse joint (T3)23 Lung (right)24 Spinal cord

Coronal 245

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24


246 Neck


1 Occipital bone2 Suboccipital fatty tissue3 Rectus capitis posterior minor

muscle4 M. splenius capitis5 Rectus capitis posterior major

muscle6 Semispinalis cervicis muscle7 Semispinalis capitis muscle8 Trapezius muscle, descending

part (superior part)9 Nuchal ligament

10 Trapezius muscle, transversepart (middle part)

11 Spinous process (C7)12 Interspinous ligament13 Splenius cervicis muscle14 Levator scapulae muscle15 Rhomboid muscle16 Intercostal muscle17 Serratus posterior superior muscle18 Multifidus muscle19 Third rib20 Costotransverse joint (T4)21 Spinous process (T3)22 Costal process (T4)23 Lung (right)

Coronal 247

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22


248

Bibliography

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Cahill, D. R., M. J. Orland, C. C. Reading:Atlas of Human Cross-Sectional Anato-my. Wiley-Liss, New York 1995

Chacko, A. K., R. W. Katzberg, A. Mac Kay:MRI Atlas of Normal Anatomy.Mc Graw-Hill Inc., New York 1991

Dauber, W.: Pocket Atlas of Human Ana-tomy, 5th ed. Thieme, Stuttgart 2007 (inprint)

El-Khoury, G. Y., R. A. Bergman, E. J.Montgomery: Sectional Anatomy byMRI/CT. Churchill Livingstone, NewYork 1990

El-Khoury, G. Y., et al.: Essentials in Mus-culoskeletal Imaging. Churchill Living-stone 2003

Fushimi, Y. et al.: Liliequist Membrane:Three-Dimensional Constructive Inter-ference in Steady State MR Imaging.Radiology 2003: 360–365

Grumme, T., W. Kluge, K. Kretzmar, A.Roesler: Zerebrale und spinale CT.Blackwell, Berlin 1998

Hosten, N., T. Liebig: CT of the Head ansSpine. Thieme, Stuttgart 12002

Huk, W. J., G. Gademann, G. Freidmann:MRI of Central Nervous SystemDiseases. Springer, Berlin 1990

Kahle, W., M. Frotscher: Color Atlas andTextbook of Human Anatomy, Vol. 3.Thieme, Stuttgart 2003

Kang, M. S., D. Resnick: MRI of the Extre-mities: An Anatomic Atlas. Saunders,Philadelphia 2002

Koritke, J. G., H. Sick: Atlas of SectionalHuman Anatomy. Urban & Schwarzen-berg, Baltimore and Munich 1988

Kretschmann, H.-J., W. Weinrich: CranialNeuroimaging and Clinical Neuroana-tomy. Thieme, Stuttgart 2003

Leblanc, A.: Encephalo-Peripheral Ner-vous System, Springer, Berlin 2001

Meschan, I.: Synopsis of Radiologic Ana-tomy. Saunders, Philadelphia 1978

Moeller, T. B., E. Reif: MR Atlas of theMusculosketal System. BlackwellScience, Boston 1994

Moeller, T. B., E. Reif: NeuroradiologischeSchnittbilddiagnostik. Schnetztor, Kon-stanz 2002

Moeller, T. B., E. Reif: Pocket Atlas of Ra-diographic Anatomy, Thieme, Stuttgart2000

Netter, F. H.: Atlas of Human Anatomy. 4th

ed., Saunders, Philadelphia 2006Rauber, A., Kopsch F.: Anatomie des

Menschen. Lehrbuch und Atlas. (eds. H.Leonhardt, Tillmann, G. Töndury, K.Zil-les). Vol. I: Bewegungsapparat. Thieme,Stuttgart 2003

Richter, E., T. Feyerabend: Normal LymphNode Topographie. Springer, Berlin1991

Rummeny, E. J.: Ganzkörper-MR-Tomo-graphie, 2nd edn. Thieme, Stuttgart2006

Schnitzlein, H. N., F. Reed Murtagh:Imaging Atlas of the Head and Spine.Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore1990

Schünke, M. E. Schulte, L. M. Ross, E. D.Lamberti: Thieme Atlas of Anatomy.General Anatomy and MusculoskeletalSystem. Thieme, Stuttgart 2006

Stark, D. D., W. G. Bradley: Magnetic Re-sonance Imaging. Mosby, St. Louis 1999

Stoller, D. W., MRI, Arthroscopy, and Sur-gical Anatomy of the Joints. LippincottWilliams & Willkins, Philadelphia 1999

Stoller, D. W., Tirman, Ph. F. J., Bredella, M.A.: Diagnostic Imaging: Orthopaedics.Amirsys, Salt Lake City, Utah 2004

Uhlenbrock, D.: MR Imaging of the Spineand Spinal Cord. Thieme Stuttgart 2004

Witzig, H.: Punkt-Punkt-Komma-Strich.Falken, Niedernhausen 2000


Index 249

Index

A

adhesion, interthalamic 60–61, 84–87antrum, mastoid 18–21, 32–35, 108–109,

238–239aorta 230–231aqueduct 14–15, 84–87, 140–141

vestibular 30–31arch

aortic 212–213, 232–233vertebral, posterior 174–175, 186–187zygomatic 24–25, 40–41, 116–119

arteryalveolar, inferior 118–119angular gyrus 154–155basilar 16–23, 66–75, 84–87, 130–133,

152–157anterolateral 82–83anterolateral paramedian 28, 110,

149anteromedial 82–83anteromedial paramedian 28, 110,

149border 82–83central branch 82–83cerebellar posterior inferior 28cerebellar superior 28circumferential 28dorsal 82–83dorsal paramedian 28, 149–150lateral 83lateral paramedian 28, 149–150superficial 82–83

brachiocephalic 210–211brain-stem, median 82–83callosomarginal 46–51, 152–155

paracentral 46–47carotid

bifurcation 202–203common 160–161, 176–197,

204–209, 212–217, 230–233external 130–131, 170–175, 202–203,

216–217, 220–221, 230–231internal 16–25, 30–33, 66–79, 90–91,

94–101, 128–129, 152–157,

162–163, 165–171, 173–175,202–203, 214–215, 230–235

internal syphon 88–89, 122–133,216–217, 232–235

cerebellaranterior inferior 22–23, 72–77,

82–83, 150anterior superior 110–111posterior 132–133posterior inferior 82–83, 110–111,

138–145, 150see also artery, vertebral

superior 72–73, 82–83, 90–91,110–111, 132–133, 136–139,142–145, 150, 152–157

cerebralanteromedial frontal 156–157anterior 14–17, 58–65, 86–87,

116–119, 122–125, 128–129,152–156

anterior central branch 27, 80–83,110, 148–149

anterior postcommunicating152–157

anterior precommunicating152–153, 156–157

anterior striate 27, 80–83anterior terminal branch 26–28,

80–83, 110, 148–150Huebner’s recurrent 80–81insular part 156–157middle 16–17, 64–67, 94–95, 98–99,

102–103, 126–129, 152–157middle central branch 26, 80–83,

110–111, 148–149middle insular part 152–153middle opercular part 152–157middle sphenoid part 152–153,

156–157middle striate 26, 80–83, 111middle terminal branch 26, 28,

80–83, 110–111, 148–150


arterycerebellar

posterior 16–17, 62–69, 90–91,94–95, 130–133, 136–137,140–141, 152–157

posterior central branch 26–27,80–83, 110, 149–150

posterior cerebellar 27posterior choroidal 26–28posterior communicating 26–27posterior left 152–153, 156–157posterior occipital branch 152–153posterior right 152–153, 156–157posterior temporal 152–153posterior terminal branch 26–28,

80–83, 110–111, 149–150cervical, deep 240–241choroidal, anterior 80–83, 111, 149,

154–159circumferential 149–150

dorsal paramedian 110lateral paramedian 110long 82–83short 82–83

communicatinganterior 16–17, 152–153, 156–157posterior 16–17, 64–65, 80–83, 90–91,

110, 132–133, 149–150, 154–155facial 164–171, 226–231frontal polar 154–155frontobasal 154–155infraorbital 112–115insular 10–13, 56–63, 100–107,

122–123, 126–127,134–135, 152–153mandibular 126–127maxillary 118–119, 162–163, 166–169,

226–227, 230–235occipital 138–139

medial 154–155occipitotemporal 154–155ophthalmic 68–71, 112–117, 154–157parietal 154–155

superior 152–153parieto-occipital 52–53, 58–59,

154–157pericallosal 50–56, 84–87, 116–123,

126–127, 130–131, 134–137, 140–141,152–155

posteromedial, central branch 154–155precuneal 142–143striate 110, 152–153

distal medial 80–81, 110, 149subclavian 214–215, 234–235

left 212–213, 216–221right 230–231

sulcuscentral 154–155precentral 154–155

suprascapular 234–235supratrochlear

mediomedial 46–49posteromedial 44–45

temporal 156–157anterior 152–153middle 152–153polar 152–153posterior 154–155

thyroidinferior 192–193superior 176–177

vertebral 24–25, 76–79, 88–89, 92–93,96–97, 134–143, 162–167, 170–183,186–197, 202–209, 212–215,232–239left 234–235see also artery, cerebellar, posterior

inferioratlas (C1) 218–219

archanterior 84–85, 164–169, 210–211posterior 88–89, 166–167, 238–241

lateral mass 92–93, 134–135, 138–139,142–143, 168–169, 212–213,234–237

ligament 134–135, 166–169process 104–107, 166–167, 214–217,

236–237see also vertebra, cervical

axis (C2) 134–135, 234–235body 170–173, 236–237dens 84–85, 134–135, 166–169,

210–211, 236–237spinous part 240–241, 244–245see also vertebra, cervical

250 Index


B

bodyamygdaloid 16–17, 62–67, 126–129,

132–133geniculate 12–13

lateral 60–61, 94–95, 98–99, 136–141medial 60–61, 94–95, 138–141

mammillary 62–63, 86–87, 130–133pineal 86–87, 138–141

bone 92–93clivus see clivuscondyle see condyleear see earethmoidal 68–69

cribriform plate 36–37nasal septum 38–39

frontal 2–21, 36–39, 44–67, 88–89,92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 104–109,112–119, 122–123, 126–127, 130–131

hyoid 96–97, 210–213, 226–227,230–231body 176–177, 202–203greater horn 176–177, 202–203,

228–229nasal 24–25, 70–73, 78–79, 84–85,

88–89occipital 4–25, 50–79, 84–85, 88–89,

92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 104–109,140–141, 144–147, 162–165, 244–247basilar 50–78, 130–133, 162–165

orbital 48–49palatine 38–39parietal 2–15, 38–41, 44–59, 84–85,

88–89, 100–101, 104–107, 134–135,138–139, 142–147

sphenoidal 20–23, 40–41, 64–73, 76–79body 124–125foramen rotundum of 38–39greater wing 38–39, 102–103,

228–231lesser wing 38–39, 94–95, 118–121,

224–227tip 78–79

temporal 12–13, 16–19, 22–25, 58–63,65–67, 76–77, 118–119, 122–123,130–131, 144–145, 226–227articular tubercle 40–41

mastoid 32–33petrous part 34–35, 68–71, 102–103,

136–137, 234–237squamous part 38–41zygomatic process 126–127

zygomatic 22–25, 38–39, 68–79,108–109, 112–115, 122–123,220–221, 230–231temporal process 224–229

bulb, olfactory 20–21, 68–69, 114–115

C

canalalveolar 168–169carotid 30–31condylar 164–165facial 30–31, 239hypoglossal 98–99, 238–239incisive 162–163, 210–211mandibular 104–105, 118–119,

220–221optic 38–39pterygoid 38–39semicircular 70–71

anterior 34–35lateral 32–35posterior 32–35, 72–75, 106–107superior 134–135

capsuleexternal 12–13, 54–61, 102–103,

122–131see also white matter

extreme 12–13, 54–57, 60–61, 130–131internal 10–13, 94–95, 102–103

anterior limb 54–60, 98–99, 118–129genu 54–55, 130–133posterior limb 54–55, 60–61, 98–99,

136–137cartilage

arytenoid 182–187, 228–229body 206–207vocal process 206–207

cricoid 182–185, 206–207, 212–213,224–227arch 190–191lamina 188–189, 208–209

Index 251


cartilagethyroid 188–189, 206–213, 224–231

inferior horn 188–189, 208–209lamina 180–187, 204–205superior horn 204–207

cavityinfraglottic 208–209, 222–227nasal 36–37, 40–42, 76–77, 114–115,

222–223common meatus 38–39dorsal 226–227

oral 116–119, 210–211proper 222–223

orbital 40–42trigeminal 232–233tympanic 22–23, 34–35, 236–237

cellsethmoidal 22–25, 66–75, 112–117

anterior 36–37, 224–225middle 36–37posterior 38–39

mastoid 20–23, 34–35, 70–79,134–135,138–139, 142–143, 162–165

centersemioval 4–5speech 29, 151

cerebellum 10–24, 60–77, 84–109,138–139, 142–146caudal lobule 72–73hemisphere 16–25, 164–165tonsil 74–79, 90–91, 142–143, 162–165vermis 10–21, 60–63, 66–77, 142–145white matter 4–5, 102–103see also flocculus; lobe, cerebellar

cerebrum 92–93epiphysis 58–59

chiasm, optic 16–17, 64–65, 122–129cingulum 8–9, 46–51cistern

ambient 12–15, 60–63, 90–91, 132–133,136–137, 140–141

basal 16–17cerebellar, superior 58–59cerebellomedullary 162–165chiasmatic 64–65, 124–125cisterna magna 24–25, 144–145,

242–243posterior 162–165

insular 10–13, 58–59, 106–107lateral cerebral fossa 98–99, 104–105

interpeduncular 14–15, 34–35, 64–65,90–91, 135–137, 162–165

pontine 18–21pontocerebellar 20–21, 72–77, 90–91,

94–95, 98–99, 102–103, 136–137,140–141

prepontine 66–71, 136–137quadrigeminal 12–15, 60–63, 90–91,

142–143suprasellar 128–129

claustrum 8–13, 54–61, 102–103, 122–127,132–133, 136–137

clavicle 214–221, 226–229clivus 22–23, 72–73, 76–79, 86–89,

234–237cochlea 32–33, 70–77, 134–135

basal turn 30–31colliculus

cranial 138–141inferior 60–65

commissureanterior 60–61, 86–87, 90–91, 94–95,

98–99, 102–103, 128–129, 132–133laryngeal, anterior 208–209

posterior 60–61, 86–87, 140–141see also corpus callosum

complex, olivary, inferior 138–141concha, nasal 76–77

inferior 36–39, 88–89, 112–117middle 36–39, 88–89, 112–113,116–117,

120–121, 224–225superior 36–39, 78–79

condyle, occipital 92–93, 236–237conus elasticus 208–209cord

spinal 138–139, 142–143, 168–197,210–211, 236–245

vocal 186–187false 210–211true 206–207

cornea 70–73corona radiata 8–9, 50–53corpus callosum 6–13, 58–59, 88–89,

92–93, 138–139genu 52–57, 84–87, 90–91, 116–117,

120–127

252 Index


Index 253

major forceps 96–99rostrum 124–125splenium 52–57, 86–87, 90–91trunk 86–87, 90–91, 94–95, 98–99,

118–121, 124–125, 128–137, 140–141see also commissure

corpus striatum 14–15, 94–95cortex, cerebral

striate 8–11, 56–63, 144–147subcallosal 62–63

cranium 38–39crista galli 36–37cuneus 6–9, 52–59, 84–85, 88–89, 92–93,

100–101, 144–147

D

diaphragm, sellar 124–125disc

articular 76–77, 220–221, 232–235intervertebral 210–211

C2/C3 84–85dorsum sellae 16–19, 66–69, 86–87duct

nasolacrimal 76–79submandibular 112–115

E

earincus 30–33malleus 30–33middle 30–31stapes 32–33

eardrum 22–23epiglottis 174–177, 202–205, 210–211,

230–231cartilage 178–179stalk of 204–205vallecula 176–177

epiphysis, cerebral 84–85esophagus 184–197, 206–211, 222–223,

232–237eyeball 20–25, 66–77, 96–97, 100–101,

104–107, 112–113anterior chamber 70–73

F

falx cerebelli 74–79falx cerebri 2–17, 44–65, 112–117,

134–135, 138–139, 142–147interhemispheric fissure 84–85,

118–119, 122–123, 126–127, 130–131fascia, cervical

carotid sheath 200–201deep pretracheal 200–201deep prevertebral 200–201intercarotid 200–201pharyngobasilar 130–133, 200–201superficial 200–201

fatretro-orbital 20–21retrobulbar 74–75, 112–115

fauces, isthmus of 222–223fissure

cerebral, longitudinal 4–5, 44–53,114–117, 126–129, 144–147

horizontal 96–97, 100–101, 146–147median 138–139orbital

inferior 38–39superior 2–3, 20–21, 38–39, 66–67,

73, 94–95, 120–121, 226–227petro-occipital 24–25ventral median 76–77

flocculus 22–25, 74–75, 138–141see also cerebellum

foldaryepiglottic 178–181, 204–205,

228–229glossoepiglottic 202–203pharyngoepiglottic 202–203vestibular 204–205, 224–225

forameninfraorbital 36–37interventricular 10–11, 130–133

of Monro 10–11, 54–57jugular 98–99, 238–239lacerum 24–25, 76–77Luschka 74–77magnum 210–211, 240–241ovale 24–25, 128–129rotundum 226–227stylomastoid 134–135, 220–221,

238–239


foramentransversarium 168–169

forceps, occipital 52–55fornix 8–11, 52–53, 58–61

body 86–87, 132–133column 54–57, 132–133crus 94–95, 98–99, 136–137, 140–141precommissural 128–129

fossacerebral, lateral cistern 12–13, 56–57,

106–107cranial

anterior 40–42middle 43, 102–103

infratemporal 43, 98–99interpeduncular 62–63pterygoid 40–41, 43, 226–227pterygopalatine 24–25, 38–39, 43,

116–117, 120–121, 226–227

G

Galen, vein of 8–9ganglion

basal 100–101geniculate 34–35trigeminal (V) 70–71, 126–129

glandlacrimal 22–23, 66–71, 106–107,

112–113, 220–221lymph see lymph nodeparotid 108–109, 126–127, 130–131,

134–135, 162–173, 202–203,216–217, 220–221, 230–239

pineal 10–13pituitary 18–19, 66–67, 70–71, 84–85,

122–129adenohypophysis 68–69, 86–87infundibulum of 86–87neurohypophysis 68–69, 86–87stalk 16–17

sublingual 88–89, 212–213submandibular 100–101, 104–109,

114–115, 118–119, 122–123, 172–179,202–203, 214–221, 226–231

thyroid 182–197, 206–215, 228–231globus pallidus 10–13, 56–59, 94–95,

128–129, 136–137

lateral 60–61, 90–91, 98–99, 132–133medial 60–61, 90–91, 98–99, 132–133

glottis 184–185, 224–225grey matter see claustrum; thalamusgyrus

angular 6–7, 46–55, 106–109, 146–147artery of 154–155cingulate 8–15, 46–63, 84–85, 88–89,

114–119, 122–123, 126–127, 130–131,134–135, 138–139

dentate 98–99, 102–103frontal

inferior 8–15, 46–61, 92–93,104–109, 112–119, 122–123,126–127, 130–131

middle 4–15, 44–63, 96–97,100–108, 112–119, 122–123,126–127, 130–131

superior 2–15, 44–63, 84–85, 88–89,92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 112–119,122–123, 126–127, 130–131,142–143

insular 104–107lingual 84–85, 94–95occipital 6–15, 48–61, 64–67, 100–101,

104–107, 146–147medial 92–93

occipitotemporallateral 14–15, 64–65, 126–127,

130–131, 134–147medial 64–65, 88–89, 96–99,

102–105, 142–147orbital 16–19, 64–65, 92–107, 112–121,

124–125parahippocampal 12–19, 66–67, 90–95,

98–99, 102–103, 126–127, 132–141uncus of 58–67

postcentral 4–11, 44–45, 48–57, 88–89,92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 104–109,134–135, 138–139, 142–145

precentral 2–3, 8–11, 44–49, 52–57,84–85, 88–89, 96–97, 100–101,104–106, 108–109, 134–135,138–139, 142–145

straight 16–21, 64–67, 84–85, 88–89,112–121, 124–125

subcallosal 120–125

254 Index


supramarginal 4–7, 46–53, 108–109,138–139, 142–145

temporal 130–131inferior 14–21, 60–65, 68–69, 74–75,

106–109, 126–127, 134–135,138–139, 142–145

middle 10–19, 56–67, 106–109,118–119, 122–123, 126–127,130–131, 134–135, 138–139,142–145

superior 8–9, 12–19, 54–57, 60–67,106–109, 118–119, 122–123,126–127, 130–131, 134–135,138–139, 142–143

transverse 54–55, 104–109, 138–139terminal 86–87

H

hiatus, maxillary 36–37, 78–79hippocampus 10–13, 16–17, 58–67,

126–143, 154–155subiculum of 98–99, 102–103

Huebner’s recurrent, cerebral artery80–81

hypopharynx 174–187, 202–203hypothalamus 12–15, 62–65, 130–133

I

incuslong limb 30–33short limb 32–33

infundibulum 128–129inlet, laryngeal 230–231insula 8–11, 14–15, 54–63, 122–123,

126–127, 130–131circular sulcus of 56–57

isthmus, oropharyngeal 222–223

J

jointatlanto-axial 234–237atlanto-occipital 236–237costotransverse 238–239

T3 244–245T4 246–247

costovertebral 196–197cricothyroid 208–209sternoclavicular 226–227temporomandibular 22–23, 130–131

articular disc 30–31glenoid roof 30–31socket (temporal bone) 232–233

zygapophysial 176–177, 184–185,236–237C6/C7 190–191

L

Labbé, inferior anastomotic vein of160–161

labyrinth, ethmoidal 36–37lamina terminalis 86–87

see also ventricle, thirdlarynx 182–183, 186–189, 204–205,

226–227lamina 210–211vestibule 206–207

lemniscuslateral 90–91medial 151

lens 70–73, 100–101, 104–105ligament

alar 236–237apical, of dens 210–211interspinous 192–197, 240–241,

244–247intraspinous 242–243ligamentum flavum 174–177, 180–181,

186–187, 196–197, 210–211, 238–239longitudinal

anterior 210–211posterior 210–211

nuchal 84–85, 144–145, 168–179,190–191, 210–211, 244–247

petroclinoidanterior 68–69posterior 68–69

supraspinous 242–243transverse 238–239

atlas 210–211vestibular 210–211vocal 210–211

Liliequist’s membrane 86–87

Index 255


lip, upper 168–169lobe

cerebellar 140–141anterior 62–69, 86–87, 90–91,

96–107, 138–143caudal 72–73posterior 70–71, 76–79, 86–87,

96–97, 100–101, 104–109,142–147, 162–165

superior 60–61, 92–93see also cerebellum

cerebral, inferior 92–93frontal 2–23, 44–53, 56–64, 84–108,

112–123, 126–127,130–131,134–139,142–145

occipital 6–15, 46–53, 56–63, 66–69,84–107, 146–147

paracentral 2–5, 44–45, 138–139,142–143

parietal 2–10, 44–53, 56–59, 84–109,130–131, 134–139, 142–147inferior 4–5superior 44–45

precentral 88–89temporal 8–23, 56–73, 92–109,

116–145lobule see lobelung 218–219

left 212–217, 220–221, 236–237right 230–235, 238–245

Luschka, foramen of 74–77lymph node 198–199, 220–221, 234–235

cervicalanterior 199deep 198–199jugular 198–199nuchal 198–199paratracheal 199preauricular 199prelaryngeal 199pretracheal 199retropharyngeal 198–199submandibular 198submental 198superficial 198supraclavicular 199supraficial 199thyroid 199

M

malleushandle 30–33head 32–33

mandible 96–97, 100–101, 104–105,170–177, 210–221, 224–225, 228–229body 38–39, 112–117head 22–25, 74–79, 106–109, 126–127,

130–131, 220–221, 232–235ramus 38–39, 108–109, 116–119,

122–123, 162–169, 218–219,226–227, 230–231

mastoid 32–33antrum 32–33

maxilla 92–93, 96–97, 212–213alveolar process 36–39, 112–117,

164–167infra-orbital canal 78–79palatine process 162–163

meatusacoustic

external 30–31, 76–77, 108–109,218–219, 236–237

internal 32–35, 72–75, 98–99,134–137, 238–239

auditoryexternal 22–25internal 20–21, 102–103

nasalinferior 36–39middle 36–37

medulla oblongata 22–25, 74–79, 84–91,136–141, 162–167

membraneatlanto-occipital

anterior 234–235posterior 210–211

cricovocal 208–209tectorial 210–211thyrohyoid 204–205tympanic 22–23, 76–77

mesencephalon (midbrain) 12–15, 60–67,84–91, 134–141aqueduct of 62–65, 140–141tegmentum of 62–65

Monro, foramen 10–11, 54–57motor system 28–29

256 Index


muscleacoustic, internal 104–105aryepiglottic 228–229arytenoid

oblique 206–207, 210–211transverse 186–189, 206–207,

210–211buccinator 104–107, 116–117, 164–169,

216–219, 224–225cricoarytenoid, posterior 184–185,

230–231cricothyroid 190–191, 226–227depressor anguli oris 112–115, 172–177digastric 24–25, 96–97, 100–101,

104–105, 214–217, 228–237anterior belly 176–177, 212–213,

224–225posterior belly 106–109, 134–135,

138–139, 166–171, 174–175,220–221, 238–239

elevator, soft palate 98–99genioglossus 112–117, 170–175,

210–211, 224–225, 228–229geniohyoid 176–177, 202–203, 210–211,

224–227hyperglossus 96–97hypoglossus 170–175, 224–229iliocostalis cervicis 192–197infrahyoid 202–209intercostal 194–197, 244–247interspinalis 210–211, 214–221levator

anguli oris 162–171labii superioris 78–79, 96–97,

162–163, 214–215palpebrae superioris 72–73,

104–105, 112–115, 224–225scapulae 100–101, 104–107, 170–197,

216–221, 238–247veli palatini 78–79, 96–97, 124–125,

130–133, 162–165, 212–213,228–233

longissimus capitis 168–173, 178–179,184–191, 238–241, 244–245

longissimus cervicis 170–173, 178–193,240–241

longitudinalsuperior 210–211

of tongue 224–227longus capitis 10, 78–79, 88–89, 92–93,

96–97, 142–143, 162–189, 212–213,232–233

longus colli 170–189, 192–197,202–215, 232–235

masseter 24–25, 40–41, 74–79,108–109, 114–119, 122–123, 126–127,162–173, 220–221, 224–231

mentalis 174–175multifidus 172–173, 180–197, 212–213,

216–217, 240–241, 244–247mylohyoid 96–97, 100–101, 172–177,

202–203, 210–215, 224–227oblique

inferior 104–105, 112–113, 212–213superior 22–23, 112–115

obliquus capitis 216–217inferior 92–93, 96–97, 100–101,

104–105, 138–139, 142–143,166–171, 214–215, 236–241

posterior major 218–219posterior minor 218–219superior 106–107, 138–139, 142–143,

166–167, 214–215, 218–221,238–241, 244–245

occipitofrontal 68–69omohyoid 182–185, 190–191, 204–209,

228–229orbicularis oculi 104–105, 112–113orbicularis oris 68–69, 74–79, 96–97,

100–101, 162–173, 210–215, 218–219palatopharyngeus 170–175, 212–213,

230–231pectoralis major 218–221pharyngeal constrictor 84–85, 126–127

inferior 131–132, 176–189, 202–205,208–213, 232–233

middle 92–93, 96–97, 130–131,172–175, 230–231

superior 130–133, 166–173, 182–183,212–213

phrenic 186–187pterygoid 78–79

lateral 24–25, 40–41, 78–79,100–101, 104–107, 118–127,130–131, 162–167, 216–221,228–233

Index 257


musclepterygoid

medial 40–41, 96–101, 104–107,118–127, 162–173, 212–219,226–233

rectusinferior 24–25, 74–75, 92–93, 96–97,

100–101, 112–115, 224–225lateral 20–23, 70–73, 100–101,

104–107, 112–115medial 22–25, 68–73, 92–95,

112–115, 224–225superior 20–23, 66–67, 72–73,

92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 112–115,224–225

rectus capitisanterior 234–235lateralis 104–107, 164–167, 214–215,

218–219, 238–239posterior major 24–25, 92–93,

96–97, 100–101, 104–105,144–145, 212–215, 240–241,244–247

posterior minor 22–25, 84–85,92–93, 144–145, 166–167,212–213, 216–217, 244–247

rhomboid 244–247major 212–221minor 190–197, 212–221

scalene (scalenus)anterior 182–197, 214–215, 218–221,

232–235, 238–239medius 218–221, 238–239middle 178–197, 236–237posterior 106–107, 180–197,

214–217, 220–221, 236–237semispinalis

capitis 18–25, 78–79, 84–85, 88–89,96–97, 100–101, 104–109,144–147, 162–197, 212–221,242–247

cervicis 172–173, 176–197, 212–219,240–241, 244–247

serratusanterior 214–215, 220–221posterior superior 190–197, 212–213,

246–247

spinaliscapitis 172–173cervicis 174–197, 238–239

spleniuscapitis 22–25, 92–93, 96–97,

105–109, 144–145, 164–181,184–197, 212–221, 238–241,244–247

cervicis 106–107, 178–197, 212–213,240–243, 246–247

sternocleidomastoid 2, 108–109,134–135, 138–139, 142–143,168–197, 208–209, 214–221,228–241, 244–245

sternohyoid 178–193, 196–197,202–203, 208–209, 212–213,224–227

sternothyroid 188–193, 202–211styloglossus 100–101, 122–123,

126–127, 168–175, 230–231stylohyoid 170–175, 216–217, 236–237styloid 106–107stylopharyngeus 104–105, 130–131,

166–169, 232–233, 236–237subclavian 218–221suprahyoid 202–203supraspinatus 242–243temporal 2, 18–21, 23–25, 40–41,

64–79, 100–101, 104–109, 114–119,122–123, 126–127, 130–131,162–165, 216–221, 226–233,236–239

temporoparietal 66–73tensor

tympani, canal 30–31veli palatini 78–79, 118–125,

162–169, 214–215, 230–231thyroarytenoid 188–189, 206–207,

228–229thyrohyoid 178–189, 204–207,

224–227transverse 210–211

of tongue 224–229trapezius 24–25, 92–93, 100–101,

168–197, 212–221, 240–245descending 212–213descending (superior) 246–247transverse (middle) 246–247

258 Index


musclevocalis 184–187, 206–209, 224–225zygomaticus 78–79, 108–109, 164–165

major 162–163myelencephalon 22–23

N

nasopharynx 40–41, 84–85, 88–89,122–125, 128–129, 162–165, 210–211,222–223, 228–229, 232–233

nervealveolar, inferior 104–105, 118–119,

220–221, 230–231auricotemporal 78–79cranial

abducent (VI) 22–23, 66–69, 72–73,90–91, 116–129, 132–133, 136–137

accessory(XI) 78–79, 136–137,140–141, 164–175, 236–237

acoustic (VIII) 20–21, 98–99,102–103

facial (VII) 20–21, 34–35, 72–73,98–99, 102–103, 134–139,170–171, 220–221, 226–227

glossopharyngeal (IX) 22–23, 76–79,136–141, 162–163, 166–169

hypoglossal (XII) 78–79, 98–99,112–115, 136–137, 162–173,236–237

oculomotor (III) 64–65, 68–71,94–95, 112–113, 116–129, 132–133

optic (II) 18–19, 22–23, 66–72,84–87, 92–95, 114–121, 224–227

trigeminal (V) 18–21, 28–29, 68–69,74–77, 90–91, 132–133, 136–137,150–151

trochlear (IV) 18–19, 94–95, 116–119,122–129, 132–133, 136–137,140–141, 226–227

vagus (X) 22–23, 76–79, 136–137,140–141, 162–177, 180–197,232–233, 236–237

vestibulocochlear (VIII) (auditory)20–21, 72–73, 98–99, 102–103,134–139

frontal 120–121, 226–227infraorbital 112–115

intermediate 72–73lacrimal 120–121laryngeal, superior 174–175lingual 112–115, 118–119, 232–233mandibular 24–25, 72–73, 78–79,

126–131, 162–163, 214–215maxillary 72–73, 116–121, 124–125,

226–227nasociliary 114–115, 120–121ophthalmic 116–125phrenic 182–185, 188–189, 192–197root see root, nervespinal

C2 176–177C3 176–179C4 178–191C5 180–195C6 184–185, 188–195C7 192–195

splenius capitis 182–183supraorbital 112–115thoracic (T1) 238–239

nose, base of 40–42notch

ethmoidal 36–37interarytenoid 230–231superior thyroid 204–205supraorbital 36–37

nucleusaccumbens 124–125amygdaloid 98–99, 102–103basal 92–93, 96–97

lentiform 130–131, 134–135caudate 8–13, 130–131, 138–139

body 92–93, 96–99, 130–133,136–137, 140–141

head 52–61, 88–91, 94–95, 118–129tail 54–57, 102–105, 136–137,

140–141dentate 16–19, 70–73, 90–91, 94–95,

142–145mesencephalic 29, 151oculomotor 29, 151red 62–63, 90–91, 134–137subthalamic 136–137

Index 259


O

operculumfrontal 104–105, 118–119, 130–131parietal 134–135temporal 8–9

orbit 112–115infundibulum 38–39roof 18–19, 36–37, 92–93, 96–97,

100–101, 104–105, 112–115oropharynx 84–85, 88–89, 92–93,

122–123, 168–175, 210–211,228–233isthmus of fauces 40–41

P

palatehard 36–37, 84–85, 88–89, 112–115,

164–167, 210–211, 224–225soft 38–41, 116–119, 162–167, 210–211,

226–231see also uvulapathway, oculomotor 29, 151peduncle

cerebellar 16–19, 90–91inferior 20–21middle 20–21, 68–73, 94–95,

136–141superior 66–67

cerebral 14–15, 62–65, 88–89, 92–93middle 92–93

pharynx 126–127, 166–167, 212–213laryngeal part 222–223

plane, sphenoid 120–121plate

cribriform 36–37orbital 36–37, 112–115quadrigeminal 12–13, 84–85

anterior colliculus 90–91posterior colliculus 86–87superior colliculus 86–87, 90–91

tectalanterior colliculus 90–91posterior colliculus 86–87superior colliculus 86–87, 90–91

platysma 106–109, 174–197, 204–205,212–221, 224–229

plexusbrachial 216–221, 240–241cervical

C5 196–197C6 196–197C7 196–197C8 196–197

choroid 6–7, 52–59, 86–87, 94–95,102–103, 142–143

venouspharyngeal 168–169suboccipital 238–239

polefrontal 84–85occipital 10–11, 60–63temporal 72–73, 98–101, 104–107,

120–121pons 16–23, 66–75, 84–95, 134–141precuneus 2–7, 44–55, 88–89, 92–93,

100–101, 104–105, 142–147process

articular 212–213C2 238–239C3 238–239C4–C6 236–237

clinoidanterior 40–41, 120–121posterior 128–129

coronoid 108–109costal 234–235, 240–241, 246–247mastoid 20–25, 30–31, 108–109,

134–135, 138–139, 142–143,164–165, 238–243

pterygoid 38–39, 120–121lateral plate 40–41, 78–79, 100–101,

118–121, 226–229medial plate 40–41, 78–79, 118–121,

226–229spinous 174–175, 210–211, 244–247

C2 240–241C7 240–243T3 246–247

styloid 106–107, 134–135, 216–217,220–221, 234–237

transverse 168–169, 214–215C7 238–239T2 242–243T4 242–243

260 Index


uncinate 36–37zygomatic 36–37, 232–233

prominence, laryngeal 206–207protuberance, occipital

external 84–85internal 66–67, 70–71

putamen 10–13, 54–61, 94–95, 98–99,102–103, 118–129, 132–133, 136–137

pyramid, petrous 98–99

R

radiation, optic 62–63, 142–145raphe, pharyngeal 130–133recess

epitympanic 32–33infundibular 64–65pharyngeal 78–79piriform 176–177, 182–183, 204–207,

228–229supraoptic 128–129suprapineal 140–141

ribfirst 192–197, 214–215, 218–219,

236–241second 236–237, 242–245

head 238–239third 246–247fourth 220–221

rima glottidis 206–207roof, orbital 64–65root

nerve 88–89anterior 182–183

plexus 100–101, 232–233posterior 182–183spinal 92–93, 214–215, 238–239

C3 96–97, 212–213, 234–235C3–C6 236–237C4 174–177, 234–235C5 16–17, 234–235C6 180–183, 186–187, 234–235C7 188–191, 234–235C8 188–189, 192–195, 234–237T1 196–197, 212–213

S

sella turcica 40–41floor 124–125, 128–129

septum 70–71lingual 210–211, 224–227nasal 24–25, 36–37, 72–79, 112–119,

224–227perpendicular plate 38–39

pellucidum 84–85, 120–121, 124–129,132–133cave of 54–59

precommissural 12–13verum 12–13

sinuscavernous 20–21, 68–71, 122–125,

128–129, 158–161confluence 16–17, 66–67, 84–85,

88–89, 158–161falcotentorial 160–161

ethmoidal 84–85, 88–89frontal 10–21, 28–29, 36–37, 62–67,

84–85, 88–89superior 134–135, 138–139

intercavernous, inferior 124–125,128–129

maxillary 36–42, 74–79, 92–93, 96–97,100–101, 104–107, 112–117, 162–163,214–219, 224–225medial wall 78–79

nasal 74–75, 112–113, 116–121occipital 18–23, 68–69, 78–79, 146–147petrosal 160–161sagittal

inferior 52–53superior 4–15, 44–65, 88–89,

112–119, 122–123, 126–127,130–131, 134–135, 138–139,142–147, 158–161

sigmoid 16–25, 30–31, 34–35, 68–73,76–79, 104–105, 138–139, 158–163,218–219

sphenoidal 20–25, 38–41, 66–67,70–75, 84–93, 118–129, 226–233

sphenoparietal 158–159straight 9, 11, 13, 15, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65,

85, 87, 145, 147, 161

Index 261


262 Index

sinustransverse 16–17, 68–69, 74–75, 92–93,

96–97, 100–101, 104–109, 142–147,158–161

tympani 32–33space

buccal 42–43cervical

carotid 200–201masticatory 43, 200–201parapharyngeal 200–201parotid 200–201perivertebral paraspinal 200–201perivertebral prevertebral 200–201prevertebral 200–201retropharyngeal 200–201superficial mucosal 200–201visceral 200–201

intervertebralC3/C4 176–177C5 186–187C6 186–187C6/C7 190–191C7/T1 194–195

masticatory 42–43peripharyngeal 228–229pharyngeal 206–209pre-epiglottic 202–205suprasternal 226–227

stapes 32–33substantia nigra 64–65, 90–91, 136–137sulcus 84–85

basal 16–17calcarine 62–63, 88–89, 92–93,

144–147central 2–5, 8–11, 44–45, 48–57, 88–89,

92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 104–109,134–135, 138–139, 142–143artery 154–155fissure of Rolando 46–47

cingulate 6–7, 46–47, 52–55, 118–119circular 62–63collateral 102–103, 140–141frontal

inferior 104–109superior 44–45

lateral 8–11, 14–15, 52–63, 108–109,122–123, 126–127, 130–131,134–135, 142–143

olfactory 64–65, 120–121parieto-occipital 4–11, 14–15, 46–57,

84–85, 96–99, 144–147postcentral 6–7, 46–51, 88–89, 92–93,

106–109precentral 2–5, 44–47, 50–51, 154–155

suturecoronal 2–7, 44–59, 84–85, 88–89,

92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 104–109frontozygomatic 36–37lambdoid 49–73, 84–85, 88–89, 92–93,

96–97, 100–101, 104–109sagittal 2–3, 44–47, 144–147sphenosquamous 38–41squamous 38–41

syphon, carotid 214–215system

motor 29, 151sensory 29, 151

T

tentorium cerebelli 12–19, 58–67,88–109, 136–147

thalamus 8–13, 54–61, 88–89, 92–93,96–97, 134–135, 138–139complex

lateral posterior 90–91, 94–95lateral ventral 90–91, 94–95,

136–137nucleus

anterior ventral 132–133lateral dorsal 136–137medial 136–137

pulvinar 90–91, 94–95, 98–99, 140–141tissue, fatty

retro-orbital 68–73suboccipital 210–211, 246–247

tongue 84–85, 88–89, 92–93, 112–119,168–171, 210–213muscle 224–229root 174–175

tonsilcerebellar 24–25palatine 170–171, 210–213, 230–231pharyngeal 40–41, 230–231

toothcanine 168–169incisor 168–169


molar 168–169premolar 168–169

toruslevatorius 162–163tubaris 230–231

trachea 190–197, 210–211, 222–225,228–235

tractcorticospinal 136–137lemniscal medial 29olfactory 116–125optic 14–15, 29, 62–63, 90–91, 98–99,

132–133, 136–137, 151spinothalamic 29, 151

Troland, superior anastomotic vein of158–159

trunk, brachiocephalic 230–233tube, auditory 24–25, 30–31, 76–79,

98–99, 128–129, 214–217, 232–233cartilage 228–231pharyngeal opening 230–231pharyngotympanic 30–31, 76–79,

98–99, 124–133, 162–163, 214–217,228–233

torus levatorius 162–163tubercle, articular 220–221

U

uvula 84–85, 88–89, 123, 168–171,230–231vermis 70–73, 144–145see also palate, soft

V

vallecula, epiglottic 176–177, 202–203,210–213, 228–231

veinalveolar, inferior, mandibular canal

118–119anastomotic

inferior (Labbé) 160–161superior (Troland) 158–159

basal 60–61, 86–87, 136–137, 140–143,158–161

brachiocephalic 212–215cerebellar 86–87

inferior 158–161precentral 160–161superior 158–161

cerebralgreat 8–9, 54–59, 86–87, 90–91,

160–161internal 10–11, 54–59, 86–87,

136–143, 160–161middle 158–159posterior 160–161superior 48–51, 158–161

cervical 218–219deep 168–179, 216–217, 240–245

emissary 164–165facial 214–217

common 218–219frontal 158–161infraorbital 112–115jugular 24–25

anterior 180–197, 202–209, 226–229external 174–197, 216–217, 232–235internal 30–33, 76–79, 98–99,

104–107, 134–137, 158–165,170–183, 186–197, 202–209,214–219, 230–237

mandibular 126–127maxillary 166–167occipital, internal 160–161ophthalmic 20–21, 66–67

superior 68–69, 112–117, 226–227parietal 158–161retromandibular 108–109, 162–173,

176–177, 234–235subclavian 230–233

left 214–217thyroid, inferior 194–195, 228–229vertebral 136–139, 142–143, 232–233

ventricle 12–13fourth 16–21, 66–79, 84–87, 90–91,

142–143laryngeal 210–211, 222–227lateral 90–91, 94–95, 134–139

anterior horn 8–13aperture 74–79, 90–91central part 50–51, 88–89, 98–99,

102–103choroid plexus 6–7collateral trigone 142–143

Index 263


ventriclelateral

frontal horn 52–59, 92–95, 116–133occipital horn 96–97, 100–101,

104–105, 144–147temporal horn 14–19, 60–67, 94–95,

98–99, 102–105, 126–141of Morgagni 210–211third 10–11, 14–15, 54–63, 84–87,

130–137see also lamina terminalis

vermis 162–163uvula of 70–73, 144–145

vertebracervical

C1 see atlas (C1)C2 see axis (C2)C3 142–143, 202–203

body 174–175posterior arch 176–177spinous process 172–173

C4, body 178–179, 204–207C5 184–185

body 180–183, 206–207inferior articular process 180–183transverse process 180–181

C6 188–189, 210–211arch of 238–239body of 208–209posterior arch 180–183spinous process 182–183

C7 192–193articular process 188–189posterior arch 188–189spinous process of 188–191,

210–211transverse process 192–193

thoracicT1 194–197T2 242–243T3 244–245T4 242–243

vestibule 32–35, 74–75, 238–239laryngeal 178–181, 222–223, 228–229nasal 222–223

vomer 36–37, 78–79, 120–121, 210–211,228–229

W

white mattercentral 134–135cerebellum 4–5, 102–103cerebral 44–49, 100–101, 130–131see also capsule, external

windowoval 32–33round 30–31

Z

zone, temporal 30–33

264 Index


pocket atlas of sectional anatomy - computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; volume i -...

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