pod legal pt2

8/14/2019 Pod Legal Pt2

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Part II: Podcasting theTraditional Classroom

Elizabeth Townsend GardLondon School of Economics/

Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society

www.academiccopyright.typepad.com

[email protected]
http://www.academiccopyright.typepad.com/http://www.academiccopyright.typepad.com/


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Review of Part I

Basics of Podcasting Copyright and Podcasting How to determine whether a work is

under copyright Fair Use Licensing Right of Publicity


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Part II TopicsI. Podcasting in Higher Education (news)

II. Examples of the podcasted classroom

III. Legal Issues Creating a Podcast and using copyrighted works in the

podcast Who owns the podcast of the classroom

Legal discussion will include Section 110(1) and 110(2) [TEACH Act]

Students Works

The teacher exception and work for hire in copyrightownership


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Podcasting in Higher Ed

News stories: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Duke University 1 2 3 4 Syndication for Higher Ed Podcasts

Others (pre-cursors with less attention) Stanford and ITunes1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MIT Open CourseWare Project Princetons University Channel12

Key Individuals: Prof. J.C. Bradley Lesser known projects they are all over the

country
http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?doc_id=8152&layout=rich_storyhttp://www.webujournal.com/media/paper245/news/2005/11/10/News/Podcasting.Could.Be.Wave.Of.Future.For.Class.Lectures-1051581.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.webujournal.comhttp://www.emorywheel.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/12/06/439504563c50d?in_archive=1http://www.duke.edu/ddi/ipod_about.htmlhttp://www.duke.edu/ddi/http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i47/47a02101.htmhttp://syndicateblog.petersons.com/wordpress/http://itunes.stanford.edu/http://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/http://chronicle.com/free/2006/01/2006012501t.htmhttp://mfeldstein.com/index.php/weblog/permalink/whos_afraid_of_itunes_u/http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htmlhttp://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=17&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=17&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htmlhttp://mfeldstein.com/index.php/weblog/permalink/whos_afraid_of_itunes_u/http://chronicle.com/free/2006/01/2006012501t.htmhttp://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/http://itunes.stanford.edu/http://syndicateblog.petersons.com/wordpress/http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i47/47a02101.htmhttp://www.duke.edu/ddi/http://www.duke.edu/ddi/ipod_about.htmlhttp://www.emorywheel.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/12/06/439504563c50d?in_archive=1http://www.webujournal.com/media/paper245/news/2005/11/10/News/Podcasting.Could.Be.Wave.Of.Future.For.Class.Lectures-1051581.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.webujournal.comhttp://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?doc_id=8152&layout=rich_story


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Questions surrounding podcasting

lectures and coursework Attendance 1 Blind Embracing 12 Little mention of legal implications

Comment from tuaw.com, "Apple Introduces iTunes U., Posted Jan 24th 2006

8:15PM by Damien Barrett
http://www.teach42.com/2006/01/24/podcast-versus-lecture-shootout/http://www.realtechnews.com/posts/2070http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003688.htmlhttp://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003688.htmlhttp://www.realtechnews.com/posts/2070http://www.teach42.com/2006/01/24/podcast-versus-lecture-shootout/


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Why Does it Legally Matter Traditional rules of copyright ownership in a

classroom How does this change when podcasted

Does it change what we include as instructors? Do wethink of the classroom space differently?

What can we do to preserve the classroom space? What are the options in using copyrighted works?

Individual professors making choices Institutional support for making choices

How this might impact that ownership balance Does the instructor or the university own the

podcast? Will the ability to podcast change the traditional

balance?

Is this a threat to Academic Freedom?


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How is Podcasting Being Used

in the Classroom Replaying of Lectures (or alternative to

lectures) Professor Bradley and his Chemistry Lectures

UC Berkeley Webcasts Professor Samuelsons IP course at Berkeley Jennifer Burns Basic History Course

Courses at the University of Washington

Supplemental Materials to the Lectures Mark Ott at Jackson Community College* Pre-Lectures at Claremont*

(*as noted by Bradley)

Student presentations

More projects than podcasts see Duke U.
http://drexel-coas-elearning.blogspot.com/2005/11/curricula-by-google.htmlhttp://webcast.berkeley.edu/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/archive.php?seriesid=1906978313http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/stream.php?type=real&webcastid=14708http://www.css.washington.edu/blog/http://docott.com/files.141/screencasts/http://ochem.jsd.claremont.edu/tutorials.htmhttp://ochem.jsd.claremont.edu/tutorials.htmhttp://docott.com/files.141/screencasts/http://www.css.washington.edu/blog/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/stream.php?type=real&webcastid=14708http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/archive.php?seriesid=1906978313http://webcast.berkeley.edu/http://drexel-coas-elearning.blogspot.com/2005/11/curricula-by-google.html


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Scenarios

Recording of live lectures

Alternative to live lectures (Bradleys

model; supplemental lectures; pre-

lectures)

Student presentations

Field Trips or mini-movies

The potentials are endless we are just

beginning


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Potential Uses and Users Chart

From Peter Mengs PODCASTING & VODCASTING: A WHITE PAPER(University of Missouri, March 2005) [note only the briefest mention of legalissues in the form of questions of ownership and tracking copyrighted info]
http://edmarketing.apple.com/adcinstitute/wp-content/Missouri_Podcasting_White_Paper.pdfhttp://edmarketing.apple.com/adcinstitute/wp-content/Missouri_Podcasting_White_Paper.pdf


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See also

Higher Ed Podcast Purposes & Exampl (5 categories)

See also del.icio.us / wfryer/

higheredpodcasts
http://www.speedofcreativity.org/?p=673http://del.icio.us/http://del.icio.us/wfryerhttp://del.icio.us/wfryer/higheredpodcastshttp://del.icio.us/wfryer/higheredpodcastshttp://del.icio.us/wfryerhttp://del.icio.us/http://www.speedofcreativity.org/?p=673


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The Legal Side of thePodcasted Classroom


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Two Categories of Inquiry Creating Podcasts Who Owns Podcasts

Other Areas: Students work Open Lectures Using Others Podcasts in your

classroom or as part of your coursematerial


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Creating Podcasts: Copyright

IssuesAssuming we are talking about theinclusion of others copyrighted works

Because there is no problem using

public domain works

podsafe materials

Government works

your own creations Works you have gotten permission to use from

the copyright holder (See Part I)


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The Traditional Classroom and

Copyright Section 110(1):

Notwithstanding the provisions ofsection 106, thefollowing are not infringements of copyright:

performance or display of by instructors or pupilsin the course offace-to-faceteaching activities of anonprofit educational institution, in a classroomorsimilar place devoted to instruction, unless, inthe case of a motion picture or other audiovisualwork, the performance, or the display of individualimages, is given by means of a copy that was notlawfully made under this title, and that the personresponsible for the performance knew or had reason

to believe was not lawfully made;
http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20106http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20106


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Section 110(1) Performance ordisplay of a work by instructors or pupils in the course offace-to-faceteaching

activities of a nonprofit educational institution in a classroom orsimilar place

devoted to instruction Except if not lawfully made (re film

and audiovisual materials)


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Some Thoughts on 110(1) and

Podcasting Will it change what materials I use in my

class?

Ways around this Dont record copyrighted materials

Claim under fair use (see Part I)

What if I password protect it only for mystudents? See 110(2)


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The TEACH Act

The new law is, nevertheless, built around a

vision that distance education should occur

in discrete installments, each within aconfined span of time, and with all

elements integrated into a cohesive

lecture-like package.

New Copyright Law for Distance Education:The Meaning and Importance of the TEACH

Act, Prepared for ALA by: Kenneth D. Crews


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Section 110(2) or the TEACH Act

Much more complicated than 110(1) andmore restrictive

History Broader than the old version of 110(2), which wasreally meant for closed-circuit tv

Previously limited to only nondramatic works

What It Covers: Definition of DistanceLearning Requirements
http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=distanceed&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=25939http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=distanceed&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=25939


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Requirements for 110(2)Do you Make it through the Requirements?

Are you willing to password protect your work?

No? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)

Do you want more than the enrolled students

in the course to have access to the copyrightedmaterials?

Yes? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)

Are you an accreditednonprofit educationalinstitution?

No? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)
http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20110http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20110


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Do you want the podcast with the copyrighted

materials available beyond the term of the

course?Yes? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)

Are the materials you want to use marketed

for an distance or online courses?Yes? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)

Does your institution have a copyright policy

in place, and do they provide copyright

information materials to the students?

No? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2).


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If you have made it this far..

Additional Requirements Your institution must

Have a clear copyright policy for students,

and instructors. Have implemented digital rights

management to keep students from being

able to use the copyrighted materials

beyond the time of the course


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If you are still wanting to use

110(2)

What you get Performance of any nondramatic literary or

musical work

Performances of any other work, includingdramatic works and audiovisual works, but

only in "reasonable and limited portions"; and

Displays of any work "in an amount

comparable to that which is typically

displayed in the course of a live classroom

session."


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This can be transmitted to students

anywhere (no restrictions like in 110(1)of face-to-face classroom or similar

setting)

Allows for digitizing of limited amountsof an anolog work if not in digital form

Allows for limited storage


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What it does not include

Illegal copies

Any materials designed and marketed

for distance learning courses

Large scanning of materials, like a

textbook


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Further Requirements for the

Instructor

Oversight of use of copyrighted works

Copyrighted works are integral to teaching

The display or performance of thecopyrighted work "is made by, at the

direction of, or under the actual supervision

of an instructor";


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A few more requirements

You must give notice to the students

that materials used in connection with

the course may be subject to copyright

protection."

There must be technological controls in

place, besides password protection, to

keep students from furtherdisseminating the copyrighted works.


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Helpful Resources for the TEACH

Act

Laura Gasaways chart comparing 110(1) and110(2)

ALA | Distance Education and the TEACH Act TEACH Act Toolkit: NCSU Libraries 1 The TEACH Act from UT Austin Checklist for Compliance with the TEACH Act

from the Copyright Management Center atIUPUI. NEA Higher Education - Intellectual Property

on the TEACH Act
http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/TEACH.htmhttp://www.ala.org/washoff/teach.htmlhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/overview.htmlhttp://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/teachact.htmhttp://www.copyright.iupui.edu/teachlist.htmhttp://www.nea.org/he/abouthe/teachact.htmlhttp://www.nea.org/he/abouthe/teachact.htmlhttp://www.copyright.iupui.edu/teachlist.htmhttp://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/teachact.htmhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/overview.htmlhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/http://www.ala.org/washoff/teach.htmlhttp://www.unc.edu/~unclng/TEACH.htm


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Where does Podcasting Fit?

Does 110(1) ever work? Under what situations would 110(2) work?

Stanford and Duke at ITunes U Alternatives (esp to podcasts not password protection)

Dont record/include copyrighted materials even though it isshown in the classroom

MIT Lectures of Walter Lewin -- First lecture: Powers of Tenmovie not included in the podcast [this is one way to strike abalance]

-- Get permission to use/license from copyright holder (see Part I ofthis podcast)

-- Dont use others copyrighted materials; only use your own works,public domain works, or podsafe works. (See Part I of thispodcast)

-- Rely on Fair Use (see Part I of this podcast)
http://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/http://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870/8/8.01/f99/videolectures/wl99lec1-80k.rmhttp://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870/8/8.01/f99/videolectures/wl99lec1-80k.rmhttp://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/


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Other issues: Open Lectures

University of Virginia their suggested

release form

What am I signing when I am giving a

lecture

What can I do with my lecture materials

What can the school do with the lecture

What can others do with the lecture (isthere a Creative Commons license

attached to the lecture?)
http://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/http://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/release.dochttp://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/release.dochttp://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/


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Other Examples of Special Lectures

UC Santa Cruz

Synergy Lecture Podcasts

at EPN

Lots and lots of examples

Center for Social Media podcast

relating to fair use and Untold Stories.

Princeton Universitys

University Channel
http://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartzhttp://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartzhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/sbpreleasepodcast.mp3http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/sbpreleasepodcast.mp3http://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartzhttp://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartz


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Princeton Universitys

University Channel

How it Works

Terms of Use A

Creative Commons License Contributors

Some examples (list)

One specific example
http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=4http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=4http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2


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Other Issues: Using Others

Podcasts as Part of Your Course

Watching in class no problems

Assigning for homework? Sending them

to a link? No problemsIncluding part of someone elses podcast

in your podcast Problems, maybe(copyright issues)

Administrative problems? Can I assignmy students to listen to lectures at adifferent university?


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Fair Use and Podcasting the

Traditional Classroom See Part I for basics of Fair Use

Password protected? 110(2) + fair use

Other Helpful Sources

Center for Social Media

Best Practices in Fair Use

Peter Jaszis

Yes, you can! Where you dont even
http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/bestpractices.pdfhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/free_userev.pdfhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/free_userev.pdfhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/bestpractices.pdf


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Thinking Thru Podcasting the

Traditional Classroom - Scenarios My Current Class

Undergraduate copyright course As review? Post-Lecture Materials?

Podcasts of the Lectures themselves? LLM Comparative and International Copyright

course News Student presentations

Podcasts, music and short films from the Internet My spouses English Literature courses

Course using contemporary films Course using advertisements, paintings, and

popular songs


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One More Important Issue:

Who Owns the new Podcast

The teacher exception before the1976 Act

Work for Hire and the teacher Today, teacher exception as judge-

made law has been replaced byuniversity-based policies

Digital Divide: traditional works versusdistance learning


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The teacher exception

What is the teacher exception Judge-made long standing exception to employers owning

copyrighted works of employees in teaching environment 1976 Act: no mention of teacher exception - was it incorporated?

7th

circuit: now university-policy based exception (more shakyground) The teacher exception today and university policies

Intellectual Property or Copyright Policies and

Distance Learning Policies;

For more about this, see Elizabeth Townsend, Legal and PolicyResponses to the Disappearing Teacher Exception, orCopyright Ownership in the 21st Century University, 4 Minn.Intell. Prop. Rev. 209 (2003) (available athttp://mipr.umn.edu/archive/v4n2/townsend.pdf


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Some Questions: Podcasting,

Ownership and Teaching Who owns the podcasts? Who needs the lecturer now?

Will it become a requirement in onesteaching contract? (the supervision partof the work for hire Reidtestrequirements)

Is there anything wrong with assigninganother teachers podcasts?


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Conclusion: The Bigger Picture

What Does the Future Hold for

Podcasts in Higher Ed?

Exciting Possibilities of Access and Democracy of

Knowledge?

Creativity? Dynamic Classrooms? A Postmodern

Learning Environment?


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MIT - Open CourseWare Project

Watching the MIT Lectures of Walter Lewin 1200 courses as of December 2005 (not all of these are

podcasts) Notice most podcasts are science courses

MIT OCW is not a distance-education or degree-grantinginitiative. Distance education involves the active exchange ofinformation between faculty and students, with the goal ofobtaining some form of a credential. MIT OCW is not meant toreplace degree-granting higher education or for-credit courses.Rather, the goal is to provide the content that supports an

education. (FAQ) How can I use MIT OCW? (no. 10 FAQ) Goals reflected in Creative Commons license Legal Notice
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/AboutOCW/about-ocw.htmhttp://artcoder.blogspot.com/2006/02/watching-mit-lectures-of-walter-lewin.htmlhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/all-courses.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/avocw.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/terms-of-use.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/terms-of-use.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/avocw.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/all-courses.htmhttp://artcoder.blogspot.com/2006/02/watching-mit-lectures-of-walter-lewin.htmlhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/AboutOCW/about-ocw.htm


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Or Gloomy 1984-esque

Prediction?

Academic Freedom?

The disappearing teacher exception? Professors become obsolete?

A new model of education?

Purdue Us BoilerCast (course list)
http://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htmhttp://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htmhttp://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htmhttp://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htm


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Conclusion


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FOR MORE INFORMATION

ELIZABETH TOWNSEND GARD, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M.

([email protected])

COLETTE VOGELE, Esq.([email protected])

All content in this presentation is licensed under the Creative Commons

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License. Please attribute this

presentation as follows: Podcasting in the Classroom

2006 Elizabeth Townsend Gard, Colette Vogele.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

pod legal pt2

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