POETRY

expressionsverse

measures

rhymes

stanzas Melodious tones

Lyric Poetry

• Simple Lyric• Song• Sonnet• Elegy • Ode

Narrative Poetry

• Ballad• Metric

Romance• Epic

Dramatic Poetry

DIVISIONS AND TYPES OF POETRY

• Lyric poems were meant to be sung to the accompaniments of a musical instrument known as the lyre.

LYRIC POETRY

• Subject and moods of lyric poetry:

- love, death and grief, religion and feelings, the beauty and love of nature, art, the world of fancy and imagination, the environment, and others. • It is subjective of the author’s feelings and

thoughts.

a)Simple Lyric• This embraces a wide variety of poems and is characterized by

subjectivity, imagination, melody and emotion.b) Song • This is a short lyric poem which has a specific melodious quality

and is intended to be sung and can be set easily to music. It can either be religious or secular. Religious songs include hymns, Anthems, and oratories. Secular songs deal with different themes and emotions.

c) Sonnet • It is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme. It was

perfected in Italy by Francesco Petrarca in the 14th century

Turn back the heart you've turned awayGive back your kissing breathLeave not my love as you have leftThe broken hearts of yesterdayBut wait, be still, don't lose this wayAffection now, for what you guessMay be something more, could be lessAccept my love, live for today.

Italian Sonnet by James DeFord, written in 1997

d) Elegy

• It is a poem expressing lament or grief for the dead. It may express the personal sorrow of the author over a loss of a loved one or it may be a form of meditation on death in general. It is solemn and sorrowful, yet it can suggest hope and faith to alleviate sorrow.

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain! My Captain!BY WALT WHITMAN

e) Ode • It is the most splendid type of lyrics poetry. It is exalted in tone, projects deep feelings and expresses high praise for some persons, objects, events or ideas.

Twas at the royal feast, for Persia wonBy Philip’s warlike son:Aloft in awful stateThe godlike hero sateOn his imperial throne:His valiant peers were placed around;Their brows with roses and with myrtles bound(So should desert in arms be crowned).The lovely Thais, by his side,Sate like a blooming Eastern brideIn flower of youth and beauty’s pride.

From Alexander’s Feast (an example of ODE)John Dryden (1631-1700)

• It tells a story following an order of events. It includes the ballad, metrical tale, metrical romance and the epic.

a) Ballad• It is short simple narrative in poem composed to

be sung, and is orally told from one generation to another.

NARRATIVE POETRY

He holds him with his glittering eye–The Wedding-Guest stood still,And listens like a three years’ child:The Mariner hath his will.

The Wedding-Guest sat on a stone:He cannot choose but hear;And thus spake on that ancient man,The bright-eyed Mariner.

The ship was cheered, the harbor cleared,Merrily did we dropBelow the kirk, below the hill,Below the lighthouse top.

It is an ancient Mariner,And he stoppeth one of three."By thy long gray beard and glittering eye,Now wherefore stopp'st thou me?

The Bridegroom’s doors are opened wide,And I am next of kin;The guests are met, the feast is set:May'st hear the merry din.“

He holds him with his skinny hand,"There was a ship," quoth he."Hold off! Unhand me, gray-beard loon!"Eftsoons his hand dropt he.

From The Rime of the Ancient MarinerSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)

b) Metrical Romance• This is a narrative poem which is written in verse and can be

classified either as a ballad or a metrical romance. It is along rambling love story in verse which is centered around the adventures of knights and lords, and their royal ladies during the age of chivalry.

c) Epic• This is a long, majestic, narrative poem which tells the

adventures of a traditional hero and the development of a nation. Examples of epics are Homer’s The Iliad and Odyssey from Greece, Beowulf of England, Mahabharata and Ramayana of India, El Cid of Spain.

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.''Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door –Only this, and nothing more.'

An excerpt from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe

• This poetry has elements that are closely related to drama because it is written in dramatic form or makes use of a dramatic technique. It may suggest a story but more emphasis is placed on the characters rather than narration.

DRAMATIC POETRY

Wash daily from nose-tip to tail-tip; drink deeply, but never too deep;And remember the night is for hunting, and forget not the day is for sleep.The Jackal may follow the Tiger, but, Cub, when thy whiskers are grown,Remember the Wolf is a Hunter -- go forth and get food of thine own.Keep peace with the Lords of the Jungle -- the Tiger, the Panther, and Bear.And trouble not Hathi the Silent, and mock not the Boar in his lair.When Pack meets with Pack in the Jungle, and neither will go from the trail,Lie down till the leaders have spoken -- it may be fair words shall prevail.

Rudyard Kipling’s The Law of the Jungle which is addressed to a wolf:

1. The shape of a poem• The shape of a poem is the pattern of arrangement of the words

on the page. Ex. Japanese Haiku – has 17 syllables arranged in three lines:

- Five syllable in the first and third lines and seven in the second.

• Concrete poems also have distinctive shapes. A concrete poem visually presents something important about the poem’s meaning. For example, the words in a poem about a kite might be arranged in the shape of a kite.

ELEMENTS OF POETRY

2. The sounds of wordsa. Rhyme repeats similar or corresponding sounds in some apparent scheme.b. Rhythm is the result of systematically stressing or accenting words and syllables attained through patterns in the tuning, spacing, repletion of the elements.c. Alliteration means the repetition for effect of initial vowels or consonants.d. Assonance refers to a partial change in which the stressed vowel sounds are alike but the consonant sounds are unlike. e. Onomatopoeia is a long word that simply means the imitations in words of natural sounds.• e.g Hiss, buzz, mew

dry clash’d his harness in the icy caves

3. Meter is regularized and pattern rhythm.- The four conventional types of meter in English poetry are:a. Iambic meter (ᴗ-)• Its basic unit or foot is one unaccented syllable

followed by one accented syllableExample: Whose woods/ these are / I think / I

Know.

b. Trochaic meter (-ᴗ)• The reverse of iambic meter. Each foot consists of an

accented or long syllable followed by an unaccented short syllable.

Example: Swift of / foot was / Hia / watha

c. Anapestic meter (ᴗᴗ-)• Contains in each foot two unaccented or short syllables

followed by one accented or long syllable. Example: For the moon / never beams / without bring / ing

me dreams

4. Imagery• This includes sounds, textures feels, odors, and

sometimes even tastes. By means of images, the poet makes the reader think about the meaning of the poem.

5. Tone• Reveals the attitude towards the subject and in some

cases the attitude of the persona or implied speaker of the poem as well.

d. Dactylic meter (-ᴗᴗ)• Opposite of anapestic. It consists of one accented or long

syllable followed by two unaccented or short syllables. It is slower and often is used to create a strange mood.

Example: This is the / forest pri / meval.

I can not love you with a loveThat outcompares the boundless sea,For that were false, as no such loveAnd no such ocean can ever be.But I can love you with a loveAs finite as the wave that diesAnd dying holds from crest to crestThe blue of everlasting skies.

You are my earth and all that earth implies:The gravity that ballasts me in space,The air I breathe, the land that stills my criesFor food and shelter against devouring days.You are the earth whose orbit marks my wayAnd sets my north and south, my east and west,Your are the final, elemental clayThe driven heart must turn to for its rest. If in your arms that hold me now so nearI lift my keening thoughts to another one,As trees long rooted to the earth uprearTheir quickening leaves and flowers to the sun,You who are earth, O never doubt that INeed you no less because I need the sky!

To the Man I Married by Angela Manalang Gloria

- I've been writing till my fingers ache - Tennis is a jolly game - The clock on the wall - Only three more hours - Silly dilly, Gertie Lou

Complete a four (or more) line poem using the suggested lines as your starters. - I'm nine and I'm bored - Beneath the moon there is a hill - Mondays I feel sick - This is the way I have to go - Good evening and welcome

Activity!!! Poem Starter