pointer performance environement

8/12/2019 Pointer Performance Environement

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Psychological principles and the online

evaluation environment

1. Fenomena internet yang mengubah proses bisnis organisasi.

2. Topik ini intinya bertujuan untuk which show how applying psychology can addreal value to business in an online environment. Terus caranya bagaimana supaya

bisa menambah nilai bagi business :

Cognitive load and interactivityCognitive load refers to the use or handling of knowledge, how individualsneurally process and code signals from the eye and then subsequently draw subtle

analogies, explanations and pictures from the environment.

Interactivity is achieved by ensuring that the system can perform an interaction

with the user that is similar to having a conversation, playing a game of tennis,dancing a salsa or dressing a child. That is, having a set of reciprocal acts that require

cooperation and where the system and user must coordinate their activities.Relevant points to consider in the webdesign process are linked to left or right-brain

hemisphere functioning and the selective attention that human beings exercise in the

preparation, exploration and maintenance of their environments. Laboratory

observations here have concentrated on how interfaces can be reshaped to

make environments (including the web) more cognitively congenial.

Usability is a central concern. Users will lose interest in a system where theyexperience excessive cognitive load. Users do not read pages, they scan them and

excessive cognitive load occurs when there is too much information on any one pageor screen. However, interactivity between the human and computer becomes closer

and more intense when time delay decreases between any action-reaction-action.

There are some key design issues that should therefore be taken into account to

reduce cognitive overload:Key design points (Terus kita jabarkan masing-masing)

a. Ensure that any actions that need to be taken are clearly visible to the user.

b. Allow users to discover what they want to do rather than do what they want to do. It is

important to remember that users do not always have their goals fully formulated.

c. Reducing the number of options at any one point to a maximum of seven.

d. Avoid overuse of buttons and menus as these can result in the loss of engagement and

cause the user to rush through a page.e. Consider that users have multiple levels of cognitive coding styles. It is important,

therefore, to appreciate and understand that the population for whom a system is being

designed will vary in terms of its ability to use it.

f. A system should encourage users to externalize their thinking for example, by the use

of text annotations. This will allow them to be creative and engage with the system.

g. Options that are unlikely to be needed by most users should be either hidden or have a

lower profile to negate unnecessary investigation.h. Provide strong visual cues to aid navigation.


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i. Reduce the number of links to other sites.

j. Break informational elements into manageable chunks (via separate screens) through

which the user can navigate, thus reducing complexity and allowing them to more easily

form a functional mental model of both the task and the task environment.

The function of emotionTrust

I nformative feeli ngs

Universal emotions

Key design points (Terus kita jabarkan masing-masing)As a consequence of these factors, it would be beneficial for any designerto do the following:a. Carefully consider any delays users will experience as they view the web, for example,

reduce downloads to essentials only and within finite time scales.

b. Ensure that graphics are expected and accepted by users only if delays are relatively short.Remember, however, that text-only web interfacesare likely to be disappointing.

c. If delays become longer, users will prefer functionality over aesthetics and may prefer justplain text. If a user experiences a negative perception of the site, they will blame thegraphics for the delay.

d. Research by Ramsay, Barabesi and Preece (1998) shows that subjects perception of thequality of site information is significantly influenced by site presentation and the minimizing

of download delay length.

Engagement and functionalityThere are other factors that can create motivation for web users and, if included in the design, canenhance a websites performance:

1. The added value attached to completion of a sale - for example, a gift;air miles; database

benefits.

2. Catering for the multiple levels of cognitive coding of the various users of the site, for

example :a. experienced/inexperienced

b. elderly/young/middle aged;c. male/female;d. ethnicity;e. at work or at home.

3. Enabling the usertobe active in the buying process - the more interactions between user andthe task, the better, taking into account the design points above.

4. The need for an appropriate level of mismatch between what usersknow and what theinterface and task require, so that users can use their own creativity whilst feeling and

remaining in control.

Key design pointsThere are, therefore, some basic rules of engagement:a. All happy talk must go.

b. Instructions must go.

c. Reduce the noise level of thepage by omitting redundant words.d. Create prominent and useful content.

e. Make the pages shorter, allowing users to see more of each page at a


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f. glance without scrolling.

User control and navigationGiven that users muddle through, rather than structuring where they want to go, a challenge istoplace enough scaffolding in the web environment to guide learners in useful directions and to

satisfy the principle of visibility. It is essential therefore to ensure that:a. Users are able to see the actions that are open to them at every point of choice orselection.

b. They receive immediate feedback about any actions they have just instigated and taken -

few things upset computer and web users more than not knowing what the computer is

doing or when it seems to be churning unexpectedly.

c. They receive timely and insightful information about the consequences of their actions.User control involves those aspects of interface and instructional design that provide users withthe functions that enable them to choose:

a. the nature of the feedback they receive;b. the navigation paths through content;c. the content tobe engaged in;

d.

the pace of that engagement.Key designpoints

A major stress factor is system response time; therefore make sure

that any response time is no more than 6 seconds.Spell out the big picture on the home page.

Use a good tagline that is personable, lively and clever, next to the siteID.

Use as much space as is necessary, but not more.

pointer performance environement

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