pol41070 spring 2011 lecture04 civil society

8/2/2019 POL41070 Spring 2011 Lecture04 Civil Society

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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Democratization

Civil society

Jos Elkink

University College Dublin

8 February 2011


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Basic argument

When citizens interact often, join groups, and trust eachother, their relationships aid democratization by crystalizingand organizing opposition to a non-democratic regime.(Paxton 2002: 254)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Basic argument

When citizens interact often, join groups, and trust eachother, their relationships aid democratization by crystalizingand organizing opposition to a non-democratic regime.(Paxton 2002: 254)

Once a democracy is established, this civil society helpseducate citizens, articulate interests, maintain pluralism,train new leaders, etc.


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Outline

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society

People coming together around a common concern, a concern

which is linked to the values of the wides society, and insistingthat the major institutions - the state, political parties, and

business take these values into consideration. (Caroll 2000)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society

The realm which constitutes the intersection between state andsociety (Habermas 1989)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society

The political space between the state and society (Porio)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society

Which implies it is distinct from:

society in general, as is concerns citizens actingcollectively in a public sphere

(Diamond 1994: 5)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society



individual and family life

(Diamond 1994: 5)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society




inward-looking group activity (recreating,entertainment, spirituality)

(Diamond 1994: 5)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society




inward-looking group activity (recreating,entertainment, spirituality)

profit-making enterprise

and other groups with private rather than public aims

(Diamond 1994: 5)


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ci il societO li


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Outline

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture


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civil societyB i t


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Brainstorm

Thus defined, how would a strong civil societycontribute to transitions to democracy?

How would it contribute to survival or consolidation ofdemocracy?

civil societyB i t


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Brainstorm

Thus defined, how would a strong civil societycontribute to transitions to democracy?

How would it contribute to survival or consolidation ofdemocracy?

What kind of problems would you see with using thisconcept in democratization studies?

civil societyProximate terms and synonyms


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c soc ety

Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Proximate terms and synonyms

Civic culture

Social capital

Pluralism

Mass society

(Paxton 2002: 254)


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civil societyCivil society and democracy


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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society and democracy

1. Controlling or limiting state power Opposition in authoritarian regime Consolidation through anti-corruption, institutional

reform, etc.

2. Stimulating participation, efficacy, appreciatingobligations

De Tocqueville: voluntary associations may therefore be considered as large free

schools, where all the members of the community go to learn the general theory of

association.

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture



reform, etc.




association.

3. Development of tolerance, moderation, willingness tocompromise, etc.

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture



reform, etc.




association.

3. Development of tolerance, moderation, willingness tocompromise, etc.

4. Articulation, aggregation, and representation ofinterests (esp. for disadvantaged groups)

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)



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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture


5 Generating cross-cutting cleavages and pluralism

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture



6 Recruiting and training new political leaders

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture




7 Sometimes explicit democratic reform goals

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture





8 Disseminate information

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)


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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

y y




8 Disseminate information9 Economic reform requires support of political coalitions

in society

10 a vigorous civil society gives citizens respect for thestate and positive engagement with it

(Diamond 1994: 5-11)


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civil societyCivil society: argument


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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

y g

Democratic transition:

Balance of power state - society

Articulation, aggregation, representation of interests Information supply to citizens



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture




Mobilization of masses



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture




Mobilization of masses

Training ground for new leaders


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civil society

J Elki k

Civil society: argument


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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureDemocratic consolidation:

Generate trust in others and state

Educate democratic citizens

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureDemocratic consolidation:

Generate trust in others and state

Educate democratic citizens Enhance accountability, responsiveness, legitimacy of

state


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Empowered civil society


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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureCivil society tends to grow with

economic growth

expansion of the middle classgrassroots oriented development aid

and can be constrained to different extents (e.g.totalitarianism vs authoritarianism).

civil society

Jos Elkink

Consolidation


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Jos Elkink

Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Transition to democracy

Consolidation of democracy

Attitudinal dimension(Almond & Verba, Welzel & Inglehart, Linz &

Stepan)

Behavioural dimension (Putnam)

(Bernhard & Karakoc 2007: 540)

civil society

Jos Elkink

Democracy assistance


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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureAid agencies can stimulate democracy through:

Conditionality of aid

Grassroots support

(Fioramonti 2004: 741)


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civil society

Jos Elkink

Outline


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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureConcept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

civil society

Jos Elkink

Civil society: problems


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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Normative concept

(Doorenspleet 2001: 189)

civil society

Jos Elkink

Civil society: normative


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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Civil society has a strong normative component to it:

Liberal democratic worldview

Democratic by definition

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

Normative concept

Definitional fuzziness


civil society

Jos Elkink

Civil society: concept


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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureWidely varying conceptualisations

Different within transition, consolidation literature

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

Critique



Liberal-democratic definition creates tautology

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

Critique




Public vs private goals unclearPublic vs private organisation unclear

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

CritiqueGuest lectureWidely varying conceptualisations




How independent from state?

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

CritiqueGuest lectureWidely varying conceptualisations




How independent from state?

Lack of differentiation from political culture, social

capital, mass mobilization

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

CritiqueGuest lecture

Normative concept


Problematic measurement


civil society

Jos Elkink

Civil society: measurement


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Concept

Democratization


Lack of data available

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization



Attitudinal: political culture surveys

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization



Attitudinal: political culture surveysBehavioural: membership of organizations

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization


Normative concept


Problematic measurement Theoretical argument


civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture Transition argument contradict consolidation argument?

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

Critique


Organizations can be non-democratic or anti-democratic

or might encourage patronage, corruption, or discourage

pluralism

civil society

Jos Elkink



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Concept

Democratization

Critique




pluralism By excluding non-democratic groups, argument

becomes tautological

civil society

Jos Elkink

C



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Concept

Democratization

Critique




pluralism By excluding non-democratic groups, argument

becomes tautological

Civil society strongly endogenous (democracy createscivil society)

civil society

Jos Elkink

C

Outline


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Concept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lectureConcept

Democratization

Critique

Guest lecture

pol41070 spring 2011 lecture04 civil society

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