polarimetric weather radar by selex es turn-key … · turn-key solutions and recent developments....

Radar workshop 2015

R. Hannesen

19+20 November 2015 – Monash University, Melbourne

Polarimetric Weather Radar by Selex ES

Turn-key solutions and recent developments

ORGANISATION

© 2015 Selex ES GmbH – Company confidential 2

Company profile

Recent technical innovations

Data processing

Aviation meteorology

SELEX ES GMBH, GERMANY

Selex ES GmbH in Neuss (headquarters)

•focusing on MET systems, services and the logistical support of MIL radars for German Military

•employs approx 170 highly qualified staff, mainly with technical background


Selex ES GmbH in Backnang (branch)

•is acting mainly in the field of Defense Communications and Personal Mobile Radio (PMR)

•employs 30 highly qualified staff, mainly with a technical background

Neuss

Backnang

MET PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

Weather Radar Systems METEOR

• X-Band Magnetron

• C-Band Magnetron & Klystron

• S-Band Magnetron & Klystron

All State-of-the-Art Features

• Doppler & Dual Polarization

• Antenna Mounted Receivers

• Dynamic clutter filtering

• Automatic weather pattern

recognition & warnings

Wind Shear Detection Systems

• Lidar/Radar & Anemometer Based

• LLWAS

Serving all Applications

• General Meteorology

• Aviation Meteorology

• Hydrology

• Research

• Others (Agriculture, Forestry, Hydro-/Wind-

Energy, Storage reservoirs, Harbors, Off-shore

platforms, Utility companies, Military, etc.)


SOME OF OUR 400 INSTALLATIONS


CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE


MET PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

Weather RadarsRadar

ComponentsAviation MIS Integration Services

METEOR 700C Rainbow® ShearScout®

Sonic3rd Party Radars Consultancy

METEOR 735C Ravis® ShearScout® 3D LidarRadar Siting and

Infrastructure

METEOR 1700C GDRX® Lightning DataProject

Management

METEOR 700S Raingauges Training

METEOR 1700S AWOS

Tailored

Maintenance

Contracts

METEOR 60DX,

mobileDisdrometer

Spare Part

Management

METEOR 60DX,

fixedATC Consoles

System

Upgrades

RAINSCANNER® Nowcasting

(STEPS, Titan)


ORGANISATION


Company profile


Data processing


COMPANY HISTORY



METEOR 700/1700/60 BENEFITS

Pulse width range increased:

0.5 (0.3) – 3.5 µs (Magnetron)

0.4 – 4.5 µs (Klystron)

Maximum PRF increased:

250 – 2000 Hz (METEOR 700S, 1700C, 1700S)

250 – 2400 Hz (METEOR 700C, 735C)

250 – 3000 Hz (METEOR 60DX)

Maximum antenna rotation speed increased:

up to 8 RPM (METEOR 700C, 735C, 1700C)


METEOR 700/1700/60 BENEFITS

GDRX®-5 Receiver and Signal Processor:

MDS ≤ -114 dBm

Linear dynamic range ≥ 115 dB

IF 60 MHz

IF sampling 16bit @ 180 MHz

Min. processing resolution 15 m

Max. number of range gates ≥ 10,000 (per polarization, complete algorithms)

> 60 single-pol and dual-pol data moments

plus several other processing features


CYCLIC SCHEDULING

Data Idle Calibration (ZC, SP, Solar Raster,

Bird-Bath-ZDR, Noise Figure)

Base (1)

Base (2)

WDG

Continuous

time

New

New New


SEQUENCER: MORE FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING


SEQUENCER: MORE FLEXIBLE SCHEDULINGpriority

Immediate (run once; data)

“Watchdog” (cyclic; data)

“Base” (cyclic; data)

Calibration scripts (cyclic)

Current New

Data scan packets

Calibration script packets

No general limitation in number

more and flexible different priorities

new mode “cyclic during interval”

daily intervals

one interval covering arbitrary

period


INTEGRATED CALIBRATION CONCEPT

Current

New

Single point calibration for reflectivity alignment

High/Low channel amplitude and phase offset calibration

Transmitter power calibration

Noise sounding and correction

Differential reflectivity calibration bird bath

time

Data Idle Calibration (ZC, SP, Solar Raster,

Bird-Bath-ZDR, Noise Figure)

Idea: perform calibrations in non-used range gates during data scan



Idea: perform calibrations in non-used range gates during data scan



Example: PPI @ elevation angle 30 deg

PRF 2000 Hz

Unambiguous range 75 km

Required data range 30 km altitude 15 km

Noise sounding from 30 to 75 km

Noise source on from 30 to 50 km

Noise source off from 50 to 75 km


CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION

Example:

“Bird bath” scan

Vertically pointing

antenna

ZDR in rain about

±0 dB

Measurement

with QC

Resulting ZDR-

offset

-1.0 0.0 1.0 dB

Recent result: +0.13 dB

Inner Window: ±0.3 dB

Outer Window: ±0.6 dB


PHASE NOISE MEASUREMENT

CS ≤ -20 log( ΔΦ )

Doppler filter clutter

suppression requires low

phase noise

How to measure phase noise

for large distances?

Fixed target:

Is it really fixed? Radome

and buildings swing in the

wind, though little…

Atmospheric turbulence

alters propagation time

(i.e. phase) from pulse to

pulse, though little…

At C-Band, 1 deg phase

corresponds to 0.075 mm

two-way path

OPTICAL DELAY LINE

Up to 200 km range without optical

amplifier

Up to 400 km range with optical

amplifier

No measurable additive phase noise


Radar Transmitter Radar Receiver

Waveguide Output

To Circulator

Electro-

optic

Transducer

Opto-

electric

Transducer

Fiber Reel

To LNA Input

Optical

Amplifier


OPTICAL DELAY LINE

TR-

LIMITER

RF-SWITCH

DIVIDER

ABSORBERABSORBER

ABSORBER

TR-

LIMITER

Down

Converter

Down

Converter

LO

vertical

horizontal

Tx Sample

(TX-IN, X6 ARX)

TX Coupler

Fvd Rev

Co

up

ler

Fvd

Re

v

GDRX

IF In Low

IF In High

IF In Low

IF In High

to antenna

Co

up

ler

Fvd

Re

v

RF in RF out

Fibre

optic

reel

Fibre Optic Delay Line

Optical Interface

horizontalvertical

Booster

Amplifier

Tx Signal ITSG/

UC Unit40 dB

10

dB

Klystron

Get TX sample from

vertical channel

Attenuate and feed in

delay line

Feed into receiver


MEASUREMENTS X-BAND MAGNETRON

Intensity and power spectrum for 7.5 km (two-way)

Two-way

distance

Phase noise

(stddev)

Clutter

Suppression

7.5 km 0.15 deg 51.6 dB

15 km 0.36 deg 44 dB

36 km 0.41 deg 42.9 dB


ORGANISATION

Company profile


Data processing



DATA PROCESSING

8 new Rainbow®5 data products (past

18 Months); including polarimetric

dust storm detection, and data quality

index MDQI

7 Rainbow®5 data products extended

(e.g. BWER check)

Wind turbine clutter removalMDQI: Beam Blocking

DP Dust Storm DetectionBWER


NEW MOMENT DATA QUALITY INDEX MDQI

Considers one or more of the following parameters:

Distance from radar (volume resolution)

Height H of the beam

Partial beam blocking

Attenuation due to precipitation (considering ΦDP)

Attenuation due to wet radome (using a power-law function A = aRb)

Signal-to-noise ratio

Signal quality index

Spectral width

ECLASS output (probability of echo being meteorological)

In case of parameter combination, Qi from individual are averaged geometrically or

arithmetically


NEW DATA QUALITY INDEX MDQI

Example: Beam BlockingExample: Attenuation from precipitation

ΦDP Attenuation

MDQIExample: Spectral Width


MDQI AND ECLASS

DP DataFuzzy Logic

MET Probability ECLASS

ECLASS

MDQI

MDQI

WT CLUTTER SUPPRESSION BY INTERPOLATION


WT range gates are flagged in a radar clutter map

The radar detects whether a WT is rotating or not

If it is rotating, the flagged range gates will be discarded

The discarded range gates are then interpolated

Interpolation algorithms

1D linear

2D linear

other

Retrieval by inverse sampling (RIS)

Speckle filter algorithm for single (isolated) contaminated range gates

Clutter Map

Initialization

(WT Range Gates

Flagged !)

WT Rotating ? Spectral Clutter

Filtering

Discard Data of

WT Range Gates

Interpolation of

WT Range Gates

Yes

Ingestion of

Interpolated Data

No

SIMPLE WT INTERPOLATION EXAMPLE


Without interpolation With signal removal and 2D linear interpolation


ORGANISATION

Company profile


Data processing



AVIATION MET PROGRESS

1990s: ASTERIX (All Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance

Information Exchange) – CAT008: Single radar data

2000s: ASTERIX extensions – CAT009: Radar composite data

since 2000s: SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research)

2010s: Potentially further ASTERIX extensions

2010s: SESAR GWMS (Ground Weather Monitoring System)

2010s: SESAR WISADS (Weather Information System for Advanced

Decision Support)

Multi-Sensor

Data Fusion

Forecast

PARTICIPATION IN AVIATION RESEARCH PROGRAMS

© 2015 Selex ES GmbH 32

• Since 2009 participation in the European ATM modernization program

SESAR (Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research)

• Since 2012 participation in the German Federal Aeronautical Research

Program LUFO

• Research program continuity for SESAR until 2022

• Research program continuity for LUFO until 2019

PARTICIPATION IN AVIATION RESEARCH PROGRAMS

© 2015 Selex ES GmbH 33

• Target SESAR:

• Development of a meteorological Sensor Data Fusion

Demonstrator for aerodrome weather monitoring

(SESAR Ground Weather Monitoring System GWMS)

• Implementation of a Decision Support Framework for Airport CDM

• Development of a WEB based visualization system

(WISADS = Weather Information System for Advanced Decision

Support)

• External validation exercises at BWE/Germany airport

• Target LUFO:

• Enhanced meteorological products in terms of wind shear, eddy

dissipation rate and short term forecasting

• Verification exercises together with the German air navigation

service provider DFS

SESAR GWMS REQUIREMENTS – SAMPLES


• The system shall collect wind speed aloft vertically resolved: mean wind speed in

500 ft intervals up to 2000 ft above ground level, and in 1000 ft intervals above up

to 5000 ft above ground level in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome.

• The system shall collect data on cloud base height, averaged over less than 10

minutes in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome.

• The system shall collect information on precipitation type [rain, snow, freezing

rain, showers…].

• The system shall collect information on convective activity within a locally defined

area (default value 120 miles radius around the airport): i.e. thunderstorm/CB cell

activity/lightning data in text form, including type and alignment of

thunderstorm/CB activity.

• The system shall collect information on wind shear in the final approach of each

runway direction in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome.

• The system shall collect information on surface headwind and gusts for all runway.

directions in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome.

• The system shall generate a product for volcanic ash in support of the execution

phase at the aerodrome.

GWMS SENSOR SOURCES


(3D) Ceilometer AWOS Rain GaugeTransmissiometer/ Forward Scatter

LLWAS RadiosondeLightningDetectionSystems

National Radar Network

AMDAR / ADS AFTN, NWP SatelliteDoppler /

Polarimetric Radar

Doppler / Polarimetric

LidarCloud Radar Wind Profiler Sodar / RASS

GWMS MET INFORMATION (CORE)


Cloud base Cloud Amount Temperature profileMean surface wind

directionSurface wind gusts

Head wind / Head wind gust

Cross wind / Cross wind gust

Turbulence Runway wind shear Winds aloft

VisibilityRVR for all runway

segmentsPrecipitation

AmountPrecipitation / Echo

classification3D Lightning

ThunderstormExpert remote

sensing products (Radar and Lidar)

Special patterns like tornados, storm

structure analysis and gust fronts

3D MET ObjectsEnsemble Prediction


WISADS

Weather Information System for Advances Decision Support

WISADS


Selex ES GmbH

Raiffeisenstrasse 10

41470 Neuss, Germany

Tel: +49 (0) 2137 782-0 www.selex-es.de

Dr. Ronald Hannesen

[email protected]

Thank you !

polarimetric weather radar by selex es turn-key … · turn-key solutions and recent developments....

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