polarized beam in rhic in run 2011. polarimetry at rhic a.zelenski, bnl pstp 2011, september 13,...

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Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL STP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

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Page 1: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011.Polarimetry at RHIC

A.Zelenski, BNL

PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Page 2: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

RHIC: the “Polarized” Collider

STARPHENIX

AGS, 24GeVLINAC

Pol. H- ion source

Spin Rotators

20% Snake

Siberian Snakes

200 MeV polarimeter

RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters

RHIC

Absolute H-jetpolarimeter

Design goal - 70% Polarization L max = 1.6 1032 s-1cm-2 50 < √s < 500 GeV

AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter

5% Snake

Polarization facilities at RHIC.Polarization facilities at RHIC.

Page 3: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

– Higher polarization out of AGS (jump quads).

– Higher polarization at RHIC store (new working point, tune/orbit feedback on the ramp).

– Highest peak luminosity ~1.6∙1032 cm-2 s-1 in RHIC so far (9MHz, orbit/tune).

– Orbit feedback works. We have excellent orbit control on the ramp.

– 9MHz cavity is operational. No indication of intensity limit.

– 10Hz orbit feedback works. Beneficial to luminosity.– – Chromaticity feedback works for these ramps. Essential for

the down ramp development.

Progress in 2011 polarized proton Run.

Page 4: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Tune jump system in AGS

Page 5: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarization at injection in RHIC with the Jump-Quads in operation.

Page 6: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

RHIC luminosity in Run-2011

Bunch intensity ~ 1.6 *1011 proton/bunch

Peak luminosity ~1.5*1032 cm2 s

Page 7: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

RHIC polarized protons 2000-2011

Wolfram Fischer 7

Run 2011,250 GeV, P-53%

Page 8: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarimetry at RHIC

Faraday rotation polarimeter Lamb-shift polarimeter 200 MeV - absolute polarimeter AGS p-Carbon CNI polarimeter RHIC p-Carbon CNI polarimeter RHIC - absolute H-jet polarimeter Local polarimeters at STAR and PHENIX

Y.Makdisi, A.Poblaguev talks

Page 9: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Faraday rotation polarimeter of Rb vapor.

Faraday rotation polarimeter of Rb vapor.

Θp-optical pumping –on.Θ0-optical pumping -off.

PD1

PD1=I0 sin θp

PD2=I0 cos θp

PRb= (θp- θ0)/ θ0

PD2

Cr:LISAF pumping laser at795 nm

Rb-cell

λ/2

Linear polarized probe laser beam at 780 nm.

Page 10: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Proton Lamb-shift polarimeter at3-35keV beam energy. .

Proton Lamb-shift polarimeter at3-35keV beam energy. .

H- → H+ → H(2S)

B=575 G

La(10.2eV) -121.6 nm

H(2S)

• N+ =N0(1+P) / 2• N- = N0(1-P) / 2• P=2 (N+-N-)/(N+ +N-)

Page 11: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Layout of the 200 MeV proton polarimeter, (2010)

16.2 deg

Page 12: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Proton-Carbon ElasticScattering at 200 MeV.

Page 13: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Ay=99.96+/0.02%

Page 14: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Cu from 0 to 9mm(step by 1mm)

Cu from 0 to 1mm(step by 0.1mm)

Detector and variable absorber setup

for 200 MeV proton beam.

Page 15: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

elastic

GEANT calculation of pC polarimeter for 200MeV proton beam

Collimator Absorber

Sc1 Sc2 Sc3

inelastic

Ep=198.7MeV

Ep=194.3MeV

Page 16: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Measured Analyzing Power vs length of absorber.

Ay(pC) =0.62+/-0.02

Page 17: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

16 February 2011 Spin Meeting

AGS CNI Polarimeter 2011

11 February 2011 RHIC Spin Collaboration Meeting 17

1,8 - Hamamatsu, slow preamplifiers

2,3,6,7 - BNL, fast preamplifiers

4,5 - Hamamatsu, fast preamplifiers

3 different detector types:

Run 2009: BNL, slow preamplifiers

Larger length (50 cm)

Regular length (30 cm)

Outer Inner

Polarized proton Recoil carbon

90º in Lab frame

Carbon target

LL NN or

RR NN or

or

A.Poblaguev talk

Page 18: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Three complimentary pillars of the RHIC polarimetry.

p-Carbon CNI polarimeter: relative, fast, polarization profiles, bunch-by bunch measurements, polarization decay time.

Proton-proton H-jet CNI polarimeter: absolute, integral, about 5-7% statistical accuracy in one store.

Local polarimeters: relative, fast, integral, bunch-by-bunch, polarization decay time.

Page 19: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

RHIC: the “Polarized” Collider

STARPHENIX

AGS, 24GeVLINAC

Pol. H- ion source

Spin Rotators

20% Snake

Siberian Snakes

200 MeV polarimeter

RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters

RHIC

Absolute H-jetpolarimeter

Design goal - 70% Polarization L max = 1.6 1032 s-1cm-2 50 < √s < 500 GeV

AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter

5% Snake

Polarization facilities at RHIC.Polarization facilities at RHIC.

Page 20: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

PHENIX Local Polarimeter

Blue Yellow

Blue Yellow

Blue Yellow

Spin Rotators OFFVertical polarization

Spin Rotators ONCorrect Current !Longitudinal polarization!

Spin Rotators ONCurrent ReversedRadial polarization

Asymmetry vs φ

Monitors spin direction in PHENIX collision region

Page 21: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Beam polarization. Polarization profiles.

• Polarization measurements for accelerator setup and monitoring. Depolarization minimization in AGS and RHIC. Relative (on-line) measurements.

• Polarization loss from intrinsic resonances: polarization lost at edge of beam → polarization profiles.

• Polarization measurements for experimental data normalization (off-line absolute values obtained after detail calibration and normalization). Corrections for polarization profiles.

Page 22: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Hydrogen Gas Jet and Carbon Ribbon Targets.

Gas Jet Target Carbon Ribbon Target

Beam Cross Section

p

FWHM~7 mmFWHM~7 mm

Average Pave Peak Ppeak and averagepolarization

Carbon Ribbon:~ 5-10 µm wide25nm thickness~ 5 µg/cm2

Page 23: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

October 6-10, 2008 A.S. Belov, A. N. Zelenski, SPIN2008, USA

target

target

beam

beamN PP

tA

RHIC proton

beam

Forward scatteredproton

H-jet target

recoil proton

PPetargt

beametargtbeam

02 inout ppt

beam

beam

target

target

target

target

beam

beam

P

P

P

P

H-Jet polarimeter.

Ptarget is measured by Breit- Rabi Polarimeter

<5%

Elastic scattering: Interference between electromagnetic and hadronic amplitudes in the Coulumb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) region.

Page 24: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

October 6-10, 2008 A.S. Belov, A. N. Zelenski, SPIN2008, USA

Spin filtering technique. Atomic Beam

Sources. Spin filtering technique. Atomic Beam

Sources. Hydrogen atoms with electron polarization: mJ=+1/2 trajectories.

Electron magnetic moment is 659 times Larger than proton : e / P ~659.Focusing strength: ~ (dB/dr) e

RF transition, polarization transfer from electrons to protons

RHIC beam crossing

Breit-Rabi polarimeter

permanent magnetsextupole - 1.7 Tgradient 5.7 T/cm

Page 25: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

H-jet, Blue beam, 250 GeV, Run-2011

Page 26: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

H-jet, Yellow beam, 250 GeV, Run 2011

Page 27: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

October 6-10, 2008 A.S. Belov, A. N. Zelenski, SPIN2008, USA

H-jet is an ideal polarimeter !• High (~4.5%) analyzing power in a wide energy range (23-250

GeV).• High event rate due to high intensity (~100 mA) circulated

beam current in the storage ring (~6% statistical accuracy in one 8hrs. long fill). High polarized H-jet density in RHIC ABS.

• Non-destructive.• No scattering for recoil protons.• Clean elastic scattering event identification.• Direct calibration with Breit-Rabi polarimeter.• Most of the false asymmetries are cancelled out in the ratio: P beam =( 1/A)Beam asym / Target asym

Problem. Polarization dilution by H2, H2O and other residual gases.Largest source of systematic error.

Page 28: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

H-jet as a luminescence beam intensity monitor.

Page 29: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

p-Carbon Polarimetry at RHICp-Carbon Polarimetry at RHIC

Polarized proton Recoil carbon

90º in Lab frame

Carbon target

LL NN or

RR NN or

or

p C

p C

Page 30: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Measurements with p-Carbon CNI polarimeter.

• Polarization, polarization profile measurements in the scanning mode.

• Polarization losses during acceleration and store.• Polarization decay during store.• Beam intensity profile (emttance) including bunch-

by-bunch.• Emittance measurements cross-calibrations.• Emittance measurements on the ramp.

Page 31: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

The RHIC p-Carbon CNI polarimeter.

Ultra thin Carbon ribbon Target(5 g/cm2)

11

3344

55

66

22

Si strip detectorsSi strip detectors(TOF, E(TOF, ECC))

18cm18cm

Recoil carbon

Carbon target

LL NN or

Elastic scattering: interference between electromagnetic and hadronic amplitudes in the Coulumb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) region.

RL

RLN

pCN

Nbeam

NN

NN

AP

Ebeam = 100 GeVEbeam = 100 GeV

Run04

Page 32: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

The target ladder.

Carbon ribbon~5-10 um wide25 nm thicknes

Page 33: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

April 18, 2011, Blue1, H6

Page 34: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Pol. Profile: 250 GeV in Run-2009

R=0.280.07

Intensity and polarization profiles:

Page 35: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

P-Carbon polarimeter upgrade for Run-2009

• Two polarimeters in each ring.

• Routine polarization profile measurements in both-vertical and horizontal planes.

• Beam intensity profile (emittance) measurements.

• Doubled number of Carbon-strip targets.

• New detectors development.

Page 36: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Pol. Profile: 250 GeV in Run-2009

• Polarization loss from intrinsic resonances: polarization lost at edge of beam → polarization profile.

• Impact of polarization profile on beam polarization at collisions:

For RH ≈ RV and small: P0 = <P> (1+<R>)2;

Pcoll. = <P> (1+½<R>)

There is a

Page 37: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarization evolution in AGS and RHIC.

Note that P0, the polarization of the core particle, should be equal to the maximum achievable polarization.

<P> <R> Pcoll. P0 Pmax.

AGS extr. 67.6 ± 1.0 0.02 ± 0.02

70.3 ± 1.0 80.0

RHIC inj., B 65.7 ± 0.3 0.08 ± 0.02

76.6 ± 0.4 76.6

RHIC inj., Y 66.3 ± 0.3 0.08 ± 0.02

77.3 ± 0.4 79.3

RHIC 250 GeV, B 52.2 ± 0.3 0.17 ± 0.02

56.6 ± 0.3 71.5 ± 0.4 76.6

RHIC 250 GeV, Y 54.5 ± 0.3 0.16 ± 0.02

58.9 ± 0.3 73.3 ± 0.4 79.3

There is a possibility of an additional longitudinal polarization profile.

Page 38: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarization profiles Run 9, Injection

Page 39: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarization profiles at 100GeV, Run 2009

Page 40: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarization profiles at 250GeV, Run 2009

Page 41: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Run-2009, polarization profiles.

Page 42: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

May 3, 2011 A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting

Polarization profiles at injection, Run-2011

Page 43: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

May 3, 2011 A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting

24 GeV, Blue-2, Horiz profiles, Run-2011

Page 44: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

May 3, 2011 A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting

24 Gev, Blue-1, Horiz target, Vert profiles

Page 45: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

May 3, 2011 A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting

Run-2011, 250 GeV, Blue-2, Horiz profiles

Page 46: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

May 3, 2011 A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting

Run-2011,250 GeV, Yellow-1, Vert.profiles

Page 47: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

May 3, 2011 A. Poblaguev Spin Meeting

Polarizaion profiles in Run-2011

Page 48: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Polarization decay during the store.Yellow ring, Vert.target, 0.72+/-

0.18%/hr

Page 49: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Blue-1, 250 GeV, Run-2011

Page 50: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Blue-2,Vertical target, 250 GeV

Page 51: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Yellow-2, 250 GeV, Run-2011

Page 52: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

P-Carbon /H-jet for different targets.

Page 53: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Ribbon target orientation.

Page 54: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg
Page 55: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Target strip orientation

Page 56: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Yellow, Vertical-15pi, Horiz-13 pi

Page 57: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Summary of RHIC polarimetry

Source, Linac, AGS-injector polarimetrs.Absolute H-jet polarimeter:

Absolute polarization measurements Absolute normalization for other RHIC Polarimeters

Proton-Carbon polarimeters: Separate for blue and yellow beamsNormalization from H-JetPolarization vs. time in a fillPolarization profilesFill-by-fill polarizations for experiments

PHENIX and STAR Local Polarimeters: Monitor spin direction (through transverse spin component) at collisionPolarization vs time in a fill (for trans. pol. beams)Polarization vs bunch (for trans. pol. beams)

Page 58: Polarized beam in RHIC in Run 2011. Polarimetry at RHIC A.Zelenski, BNL PSTP 2011, September 13, St.Petersburg

Summary

AGS horizontal tune jump system operational: P +5% with high intensity.Acceleration near Qv = ⅔ in RHIC: P +25%

Polarization at end of 250 GeV ramp: 53 %With incremental improvements <P> = 55 - 60% possible for next run:Changes in source/LEBT/MEBT: + 6% in <P>Smaller emittance growth (24 → 18 p mm): + 8% in <P> Small change in store energy: no P decay during store: + 5% in <P>.Vertical/horizontal beam motion decoupling.