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This article is by Manny Fer-nandez, Richard Pérez-Peña andFernanda Santos.

GARLAND, Tex. — One was anextrovert drawn to basketball aswell as to Islam, who had beenidentified by the F.B.I. as a jihad-ist terrorism suspect and wasonce a regular at Friday Prayerat a mosque near his Phoenixapartment. The other was morequiet, ran a carpet cleaning busi-ness in Phoenix and often prayedat the same mosque, sometimesaccompanied by his young son.

It is still not entirely clear whatled the two men — Elton Simp-son, 30, and Nadir Hamid Soofi,34, who lived in the same apart-ment complex in Phoenix — tocome to this Dallas suburb andopen fire Sunday outside a gath-ering that showcased artworkand cartoons depicting theProphet Muhammad.

The shootout — during whichMr. Simpson and Mr. Soofi,dressed in body armor, fired as-sault rifles at police officers —left both of them dead.

What has become clear, how-ever, is that what took place in asuburban Texas parking lot neara Walmart has pointed up the vol-atile tensions between the West’sembrace of free expression andthe insistence of many Muslimsthat depiction of the Prophet Mu-hammad is a sacrilege. It servedas a grim reminder of the attack16 weeks ago on the Paris officesof the Charlie Hebdo satiricalnewspaper.

In this case, unlike in the mas-sacre of journalists and cartoon-ists in Paris in January, only thegunmen were killed. Mr. Simpsonand Mr. Soofi were shot to deathby a Garland traffic officer whowas part of a beefed-up securitypresence outside the MuhammadArt Exhibit and Contest, whereartists were offered a $10,000 topprize for the best caricature ofthe prophet.

It immediately set off a heateddebate over art and activism asorganizers of the art exhibit saidthey intended to celebrate freespeech. Pamela Geller, an organ-izer of the event, said it was heldat Curtis Culwell Center here be-cause members had heard that aMuslim group had a conferencein the same room after the attackon the Charlie Hebdo office.

She described Sunday’s eventas pro-free speech, and said thatMuslims had become a “specialclass” that Americans were nolonger allowed to offend.

Muslim and religious advo-cates, while denouncing the vio-lence, called the show an offen-sive effort to insult Muslims.“The so-called ‘Muslim Art Ex-hibit’ where the shooting tookplace is an event deserving ofcriticism even absent yesterday’sviolence,” said Rabbi Jack Mo-line, executive director of the In-terfaith Alliance in Washington.

The two men who opened fireseemed to embody the contra-dictions of radical Islam and sub-urban America. Mr. Soofi onceowned a pizza and hot-wings res-taurant called Cleopatra, and he

GUNMAN IN TEXASWAS F.B.I. SUSPECT

IN JIHAD INQUIRY

ONE OF TWO MEN KILLED

Shots Erupted at Event

Featuring Cartoons

of Muhammad

COOPER NEILL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

A crew on Monday removing the bodies of two gunmen who made an assault on a gathering in Garland, Tex., Sunday night.

By ANDREW HIGGINS

OSLO — In a country so waryof drug abuse that it limits thesale of aspirin, Pal-Orjan Johan-sen, a Norwegian researcher, ispushing what would seem adoomed cause: the rehabilitationof LSD.

It matters little to him that thepsychedelic drug has beenbanned here and around the

world for more than 40 years. Mr.Johansen pitches his effort not asa throwback to the hippie hedon-ism of the 1960s, but as a battlefor human rights and goodhealth.

In fact, he also wants to manu-facture MDMA and psilocybin,the active ingredients in two oth-er prohibited substances, Ecsta-sy and so-called magic mush-rooms.

All of that might seem quixotic

at best, if only Mr. Johansen andEmmaSofia, the psychedelics ad-vocacy group he founded with hisAmerican-born wife and fellowscientist, Teri Krebs, had not al-ready won some unlikely sup-porters, including a retired Nor-wegian Supreme Court judgewho serves as their legal adviser.

The group, whose name de-rives from street slang forMDMA and the Greek word for

Odd Push in Drug-Averse Norway: LSD Is O.K.

Continued on Page A6

JOSH HANER/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Rihanna arriving Monday at the Metropolitan Museum’s gala, “China Through the LookingGlass,” a fusion of fashion, art and politics. Page A19, with more photos at nytimes.com/style.

Putting Their Best Fashions Forward

Continued on Page A16

By WILLIAM K. RASHBAUM and THOMAS KAPLAN

Over the last five years or so, itseemed there was little that DeanG. Skelos, the majority leader ofthe New York Senate, would notdo for his son.

He pressed a powerful real es-tate executive to provide com-missions to his son, a 32-year-oldtitle insurance salesman, accord-ing to a federal criminal com-plaint. He helped get him a job atan environmental company andemployed his influence to helpthe company get government

work. He usedhis office topush natural gasdrilling regula-tions that wouldhave increasedhis son’s com-missions.

He even triedto direct part ofa $5.4 billionstate budgetwindfall to fundgovernment contracts that thecompany was seeking. And whenthe company was close to secur-ing a storm-water contract fromNassau County, the senator,

through an intermediary, pres-sured the company to pay his sonmore — or risk having the sena-tor subvert the bid.

The criminal complaint, un-sealed on Monday, lays out cor-ruption charges against SenatorSkelos and his son, Adam B. Ske-los, the latest scandal to seize Al-bany, and potentially alter itspower structure. [Page A24.]

The repeated and diverse ef-forts by Senator Skelos, a LongIsland Republican, to use whatprosecutors said was his politicalinfluence to find work, or at least

Albany Leader Aided Son at All Costs, U.S. Says

Continued on Page A24

Dean Skelos

By ELLEN BARRY

KATHMANDU, Nepal —When the dense pillar of smokefrom cremations by the BagmatiRiver was thinning late lastweek, the bodies were all comingfrom Gongabu, a common stop-over for Nepali migrant workersheaded overseas, and they wereall of young men.

Hindu custom dictates that fu-neral pyres should be lighted bythe oldest son of the deceased,but these men were too young tohave sons, so they were burnedby their brothers or fathers. Suk-la Lal, a maize farmer, made a 14-hour journey by bus to retrievethe body of his 19-year-old son,who had been on his way to thePersian Gulf to work as a laborer.

“He wanted to live in the coun-tryside, but he was compelled to

leave by poverty,” Mr. Lal said,gazing ahead steadily as his son’sremains smoldered. “He told me,‘You can live on your land, and Iwill come up with money, and wewill have a happy family.’”

Weeks will pass before the au-thorities can give a complete ac-counting of who died in the April25 earthquake, but it is alreadyclear that Nepal cannot afford thelosses. The countryside waslargely stripped of its healthyyoung men even before thequake, as they migrated in greatwaves — 1,500 a day by some es-timates — to work as laborers inIndia, Malaysia or one of the gulfnations, leaving many small com-munities populated only by eld-

Nepal Loses Its Young Men

To Migration, Then a Quake

Continued on Page A10

By MATT APUZZO

WASHINGTON — During atraining course on defendingagainst knife attacks, a youngSalt Lake City police officerasked a question: “How close cansomebody get to me before I’mjustified in using deadly force?”

Dennis Tueller, the instructorin that class more than three dec-ades ago, decided to find out. Inthe fall of 1982, he performed a ru-dimentary series of tests andconcluded that an armed attackerwho bolted toward an officercould clear 21 feet in the time ittook most officers to draw, aimand fire their weapon.

The next spring, Mr. Tuellerpublished his findings in SWATmagazine and transformed policetraining in the United States. The“21-foot rule” became dogma. Ithas been taught in police acade-mies around the country, accept-ed by courts and cited by officers

Police RethinkLong TraditionOn Using Force

Continued on Page A13

Public opinion on race relationshas grown more negative sinceFreddie Gray’s death in Balti-more, a poll shows. Page A13.

Views on Racial Divide

By PETER BAKER

As he reflected on the festeringwounds deepened by race andgrievance that have been onpainful display in America’s cit-ies lately, President Obama onMonday found himself thinkingabout a young man he had justmet named Malachi.

A few minutes before, in aclosed-door round-table discus-sion at Lehman College in theBronx, Mr. Obama had asked agroup of black and Hispanic stu-dents from disadvantaged back-grounds what could be done tohelp them reach their goals. Sev-eral talked about counseling andguidance programs.

“Malachi, he just talked about— we should talk about love,” Mr.Obama told a crowd afterward,drifting away from his preparedremarks. “Because Malachi and Ishared the fact that our dadwasn’t around and that some-times we wondered why hewasn’t around and what had hap-pened. But really, that’s what thiscomes down to is: Do we lovethese kids?”

Many presidents have gov-erned during times of racial ten-sion, but Mr. Obama is the first tosee in the mirror a face that lookslike those on the other side of his-tory’s ledger. While his first termwas consumed with the economy,war and health care, his secondkeeps coming back to the societaldivide that was not bridged byhis election. A president who es-chewed focusing on race nowseems to have found his voiceagain as he thinks about how touse his remaining time in officeand beyond.

In the aftermath of raciallycharged unrest in places like Bal-timore, Ferguson, Mo., and NewYork, Mr. Obama came to theBronx on Monday for the an-nouncement of a new nonprofitorganization that is being spun

Obama FindsA Bolder VoiceOn Race Issues

Amid Unrest, a Move to

Aid Minority Men

Continued on Page A12

Officer Brian Moore, a 25-year-old mem-ber of a plainclothes team, was taken offlife support two days after being shotwhile working in Queens. PAGE A18

NEW YORK A18-21

Officer Shot in the Head Dies

Worrying holders of lucrative pay-per-view rights, some fans streamed FloydMayweather Jr.’s fight with Manny Pac-quiao at no cost using an app. PAGE B11

SPORTSTUESDAY B10-15

Another Bout With Piracy

An avian virus related to one that haskilled 440 people in Asia surfaces, butexperts say the risk is low. PAGE D1

SCIENCE TIMES D1-7

A Risk, but Not for Humans

David Brooks PAGE A23

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

The top 25 hedge fund managers collec-tively received $11.62 billion in compen-sation in 2014, even though funds postedcomparatively weak returns. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

Fund Managers Cash In

Tantoo Cardinal, below, a Canadian in-digenous actress, says a recent movie-set walkout by Native American actorshas raised hopes for change. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-7

Rebelling Against Stereotypes

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, convicted in theBoston Marathon bombings, showedrare emotion as sobbing relatives testi-fied for him during the sentencing phaseof his trial. PAGE A11

NATIONAL A11-17

Tears From, and for, Tsarnaev

Lake Mead, just east of Las Vegas, hasfallen to a low not seen since the reser-voir was created in the 1930s. PAGE A11

A Lake Drained by Drought

Britain’s short, relatively inexpensivecampaigns come with finance rules sostringent they would seem better suitedto U.S. City Council races. Above, PrimeMinister David Cameron. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-10

Britain’s Low-Price Election

Leaders of France’s far right NationalFront suspended the party’s founder,Jean-Marie Le Pen. PAGE A9

French Party Suspends Le Pen

VOL. CLXIV . . . No. 56,857 + © 2015 The New York Times NEW YORK, TUESDAY, MAY 5, 2015

Late EditionToday, some sun, then clouds, a fewshowers and thunderstorms in theafternoon, high 81. Tonight, mostlycloudy, a shower or thunderstorm.Weather map appears on Page B12.

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