Low Carbon Construction Training Report

Policy Makers – Madhya Pradesh

7th February 2013

1

Contents 1. Background ............................................................................................................................... 2

2. Training Approach ..................................................................................................................... 3

3. Training Process ......................................................................................................................... 3

Introductory Session ...................................................................................................................... 3

Session I: Current Scenario ............................................................................................................ 4

Session 2: Strategy for Change ....................................................................................................... 6

Session 3: Group Discussion ........................................................................................................... 7

4. Observations and Lessons Learnt .............................................................................................. 10

Participation: ................................................................................................................................ 10

Sessions: ........................................................................................................................................ 11

Evaluation: .................................................................................................................................... 11

5. Annexure 1 : Agenda ................................................................................................................. 13

6. Annexure 2 : List of Participants ................................................................................................ 14

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1. Background A workshop on Low Carbon Construction was held on 7th February 2013 at the Indian Institute of

Forest Management, Bhopal. The workshop was organized in collaboration with the Development

Alternatives Group, New Delhi and supported by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network

(CDKN), UK. The two day workshop aimed to orient policy makers towards low carbon construction

concepts while designing buildings in semi-arid regions like Madhya Pradesh. The workshop was

attended by over 25 policy makers from departments like geology, forestry, environmental planning,

rural engineering, roads and rural development, etc. from Madhya Pradesh.

Climate change is a reality today. The impacts of climate change have been felt in varying degrees in

different geo-climatic regions across the globe. The construction sector particularly shares an

intertwined relationship with climate change. The construction sector meets one of our basic needs

i.e. habitat and shelter. Buildings are constructed to shelter people from the worst of weather and

climate. Building construction and operation activities have extensive direct and indirect impacts on

the environment as the sector is very resource intensive. The sector also contributes substantially to

national Green House Gas (GHG) emissions at about 22 %.

On the other hand. the impacts of changing

climate are keenly felt by the sector. Design

and construction of buildings need to ensure

climate resilience to resist climatic extremes of

uncomfortably hot or cold temperatures, high

velocity winds and intense precipitation. An

increased tendency of extreme climatic events

places additional demands of durability and

performance on buildings.

The practices in the construction sector of

Madhya Pradesh that aggravate climate

change need to curb their impact on the local

environment by,

Reducing ecologically detrimental methods

of sourcing building materials.

Using more energy efficient construction

technologies.

Ensuring minimum amounts of energy used

in the operation of buildings constructed.

The Government of India has recognised the need

for action in the Low Carbon, Climate Resilient (LC-

CR) sector. However, there is a lack of attention towards the 70 million strong rural spaces and small

towns which are emerging as areas of high growth. This training workshop aimed to bridge this gap

by generating knowledge support for LC-CR solutions for small towns and rural spaces to build

capacity for Building Professionals.

Figure 1 : Workshop Initiatives

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The workshop is part of a larger initiative that seeks to generate knowledge support for LC-CR

solutions for small towns and rural spaces by building capacity at three levels, viz. Policy Makers,

Building Professionals and Artisans. It also attempts to influence policies and building practices in

response to imminent climate change trends and need for low carbon construction. The objective of

the workshop were to :

Understand concepts and dynamics of climate change and the construction sector

Learn concepts of carbon and energy intensity

Learn about passive design strategies and alternate building material

Know about different policies influencing low carbon construction

2. Training Approach The approach adopted for the training workshop was participant centred, with an emphasis on

exploring synergies and meeting gaps. In order to bring conceptual clarity on subject matter, expert

lectures supported with power point presentations were followed by discussions with the

participants. Case studies were used to highlight good practices on a global and national level. A

group exercise further encouraged discussion and sharing of ideas to identify priority areas for the

state.

3. Training Process

Introductory Session

After a brief welcome by Kriti Nagrath, DA, Prof.A K Dharni, IIFM, gave the group an introduction to

the program as well as to IIFM’s link to the workshop.

He spoke about the problem of awareness and knowledge in the field of climate change and its

impacts both at a global and local level. He stressed on the role of developed and developing

countries in contributing to the problem as well in dealing with it through their respective strategies.

He pointed out the importance of such a workshop focussing on low-carbon construction that brings

together a mixed group of professionals from varying backgrounds and creating an occasion for

learning.

“Climate change - it is appropriate to call it an

umbrella problem.”… “because if you name any

problem which mankind is facing today, it has its

roots in climate change. Whether it is drought,

whether it is floods, decrease in agricultural

productivity, health problems due to pollution

and vector borne diseases.” – A K Dharni, IIFM

Figure 2: Prof. Vaswani’s welcome address

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Rita John, DA, introduced the training program with a

background of the overall CDKN project. She spoke of

the need for such an initiative in the Indian context

where large gaps in rural and urban housing exist and

how if current rates and modes of constructions are to

continue in a highly energy intensive manner the

impacts of that on our climate will be felt. Key

objectives of the training program as well as all the

overall aims of the project were summarized.

This was followed by brief introductions of all the

participants explaining their areas of expertise along with why each of them was interested in the

issue of LC-CR construction.

Dr. Rekha Singal Dean, IIFM, addressed and welcomed the group next. Speaking of how usually

policy makers, NGOs and architects work separately she pointed out IIFM is the right place to have

such a diverse discussion and interaction between professionals from various fields and that unless

people from different backgrounds interact nothing can be taken forward. She spoke of how the

workshop would provide many points on how to carry

forward this agenda at the implementation level.

Session I: Current Scenario Prof. Suprava Patnaik, IIFM, took up the first session by

defining climate change, who and it is affecting and how.

She spoke of specific examples of climate change impacts

in terms of natural disasters, geological changes, with a focus on developing countries where

vulnerability is much more. After defining basic terms like weather and climate, she explained

climate change in terms of the scientific process of greenhouse gases production and its balance that

is to be maintained. Threats predicted and the overall risk to India were spoken about.

Sandeep Arora, SPA Bhopal, spoke about the link between the construction sector and climate

change. Basic concepts of the energy use of a

building was elaborated upon in terms of

embodied energy and operational energy. He

spoke about these energy requirements in

correlation to how buildigns need to respond to

climate. The crux, he said, lay in not dealing with

the average climate but in developing and

manging resources to respond to extremes. He

spoke of the importance of looking back to

vernacular architecture in deriving design

strategies in dealing with climate

responsiveness, but in combination with modern

Figure 3 Mr. Sandeep Arora conducting Session 1

“Climate change is not something that

is only being discussed in forums like

this.. but every common person is

getting affected in terms of health,

food, etc. And therefore, we are not

talking about something that belongs

to a particular class or group of

people”…. “in fact, the entire

ecosystem is getting affected.” – Dr.

Rekha Singal, IIFM

“The lack of full scientific certainty

should not be used as an excuse to

postpone action when there is a threat

of serious or irreversible damage” -

Prof. Suprava Patnaik, IIFM

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systems, catering to modern needs.

The presentation triggered a big response

from the participants leading them to ask

many queries and interact with each other.

Questions rose about the advantages of fly

ash brick production and why in spite of being

a way to dispose off industrial waste is still

not popular. The discussion touched upon the

advantages of use, issues with production and

construction, etc. Some of the points raised

were on the reluctance in use. “Flyash is available now for free because it is a problem now for the

department to dispose off. But nobody will take it over here.” “Local architects are more bothered

with beautification of buildigns than energy concerns and they do not use the ‘green concept’. Need

for capacity building of architects to provide low energy design soultions.”” Environmental auditors

should be developed”.

A mindset change is required to bring about edsired results. In states like Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra and Orissa, flyash is being used and it has almost completely replaced red brick. But

this change has taken it’s time in coming. It’s not an overnight change. The stress in terms of

material use should be on where the material is sourced from and its efficient use. While there are

current examples of projects being built, where though there is an initiative to look into these things,

there isn’t enough stress to make it mandatory.

An interesting example was raised by a participant, of how well-thought of policy measures are of

utmost importance. She spoke of how the Government of India had banned the use of timber door

and window frames, hence creating a market for steel frames. In the long run, this, though intended

to aid afforestation, has resulted in the wide spread use of a high energy intensity material like steel.

Had proper schemes for the use of fast growing timber in a manner that could be sustainably

regenerated, using timber frames today would have been cheaper than steel frames and without

harming the environment.

Kriti Nagrath, DA summed up the discussion by pointing out that so far the issues that are to be

addressed had been recognised and raised,

that they would be discussed further in the

context of actual policies in place already in

the state of MP and how they could be carried

forward.

Kriti Nagrath, DA, then took up the next

presentation covering the existing policy

framework for Low Carbon - Climate Resilient

(LC-CR) construction in the context of Madhya

Pradesh. She spoke at length about policies at

a national level that promote LC-CR

development. Talking about LC-CR initiatives Figure 4 Kriti Nagrath, DA conducting Session 1

“If conditions get worse, with the help of solar

passive architecture there is a certain limit within

which you can control the conditions, but in

extremes we do need some support from

mechanical air-conditioning. If that gets minimised,

that’s when we can say the process is complete. So

in a way, we minimise emissions and at the same

time we also design systems to deal with the

changes that are happening” –Sandeep Arora,

SPA Bhopal

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in the construction sector she spoke of how the

Building Materials and Technology Promotion

Council (BMTPC) tries to bridge the gap between

the latest technological developments in low

carbon techniques and actual practice.

Narrowing down the discussion to the context of

Madhya Pradesh, a number of existing policies

and initiatives in the state were touched upon.

The social housing schemes within the state like

the Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Rural

Housing Mission were mentioned. The local

problem areas like water and waste land management to prevent drought, sustainable regeneration

of forests, non-detrimental sourcing of building material and re-use of industrial waste was touched

upon. The prevalent use of industrial waste like fly-ash in building materials was spoken about with

case studies of Germany and China showcasing how fly-ash use could be maximised further with the

help of well-integrated systems within the construction sector.

The current status of prevalence of LC-CR construction in the building codes and energy rating

systems was brought to light. The key points relevant to the topic listed in the draft Madhya Pradesh

State Action Plan on Climate Change were laid out. In conclusion, synergies and gaps within the

system were pointed out, indicating areas where action needed to be taken to make LC-CR

construction more mainstream in the context of Madhya Pradesh.

Session 2: Strategy for Change Pankaj Khanna, DA, gave the next presentation on LC-CR strategies for Madhya Pradesh. This was an

interactive session with many inputs of participants along the presentation.

After defining what all low carbon climate resilient construction is and can be with a series of

examples, he explained the concepts of carbon footprints, embodied energy and operational energy

of buildings. He touched on the findings of a “Low Carbon Society Scenario Bhopal 2035” study done

by MANIT and SPA, Bhopal to project a

realistic image of the issues and threats

to be faced in the future. He spoke at

length about what climate responsive

design meant in the context of Madhya

Pradesh and what appropriate alternate

technologies and materials are usable in

the state. Modern examples of solar

passive designs in semi-arid regions were

given and a summation of passive

strategies for the climate was given.

Using a detailed example of a single brick

wall, he talked about the environmental

impact of each material used. Much

Figure 5 Pankaj Khanna, DA conducting Session 2

“The current building codes only focusses on the

building design. So it will only look at aspects of

heating and cooling in the building. It might

stretch it to look at water harvesting and

recycling within buildings. But if the

environmental audit has to happen, it has to go

beyond only the energy requirement of

operating the building. It has to look at how the

building being constructed in the first place –

what technologies and materials have been

used.” – Zeenat Niazi, DA

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stress was laid on the use of local materials, limiting the use of high energy materials like cement

and steel and re-use of industrial waste like fly-ash in building materials following the examples of

other states where it is quite prevalent.

A series of LC-CR building materials and systems relevant to the context of Madhya Pradesh were

elaborated upon. Questions were raised about the skill level required by masons to construct using

these technologies by some participants. Providing adequate skill for such construction was

recognised as a must with some participants speaking of their experiences with such skill developing

mason trainings already being conducted in the state. Another point raised in the discussion was

whether such trainings are indeed useful if the government doesn’t include such technologies in its

schedule of rates. It was agreed upon that unless buildings constructed don’t specify and use such

technologies, the skill imparted to the masons are meaningless.

Work done by the MPRRDA in promoting such technologies and materials was showcased. Parallels

were drawn with the climate change mitigation and adaption strategies employed in the United

Kingdom, showing how initiatives and policies at various levels need to come together to bring down

emissions.

Lastly, action areas were discussed summing up the existing gaps in the system. Environmental

impact assessment needs to be taken up in a holistic manner. Setting energy performance targets

and mandatory demonstration of low carbon construction in public sector buildings are another area

to be looked into which could lead to quality control and standardization of LC-CR technologies.

Capacity building at all levels in the construction sector was discussed and along with synergy

between various schemes that have similar aims if such efforts are to have tangible positive impacts.

Session 3: Group Discussion

In this session the participants were divided up into 3

groups under the heads

Materials and technology

Design and planning

Capacity building,

ensuring that professionals from relevant fields were

allotted to each. They were given the following points to

cover in their group discussions:

What are the action points required to ensure policy to

practice connect?

Who are the key stakeholders in this process?

o Which department can take the lead?

o Which departments need to support them?

What are the institutional and capacity gaps in the current scenario?

“Nowadays we have mechanised or

semi-mechanised systems of

construction reducing the amount of

skill required by masons. But in reality

this is a negative and it is in fact the

responsibility of policy makers to

ensure skill development schemes for

masons are run in the state. In fact, to

reduce emissions, we should be

looking at construction that requires

higher skill and think of mechanisms to

provide that skill.” – Zeenat Niazi, DA

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o Are there mechanisms to address these

points?

o Are they equipped to deal with LCCR

concerns?

This session led to much debate and discussion between

group members and the outputs of each discussion were

presented to the entire group including a panel of eminent

stakeholders.

The Design and Planning group’s presentation covered the

following points:

Government buildings should have LC-CR features. The

schedule of rates should include LC-CR building materials

and they should be specified in government projects to

begin with.

Town and country planning department and Urban

development department should take the lead and a

regulatory authority should be formed to formulate

guidelines and rules and monitor implementation

The main stakeholders in ensuring LC-CR building

materials get incorporated into mainstream construction

would be the T&C department, Urban Development

department, development authorities like Panchayats and

rural development departments, public works

departments, Housing Board, Electricity department, banks and other financial institutions,

schools and higher education department, technical educations institutions, builders and

developers.

Rebates from banks for using LC-CR construction supported by subsidies from the government.

Other incentives like more taxation for energy intensive construction and reduction in the same if

LC-CR construction is carried out. Prizes and rewards should be decided and given out for

innovation in this field by the government.

C

apacity building needs to happen all levels, because

currently even though there exists much technical

knowhow, the various agencies involved aren’t able

to function together to work on it. In the long term,

the role played by educational institutions in

training young professionals to enter their fields

equipped with knowledge about low carbon

construction is very large. But other than this, for

immediate change, short term courses to educate

professionals currently in the field are necessary.

Figure 5: 3 Groups discussing

Figure 6: Participant presenting group work outputs

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There is a need for political will and public faith in any plan for it to be carried forward and for

this audio-visuals to make people aware of the issues at hand and change current attitudes

should be sent forth.

Scientifically conducted research inputs tailormade for the Indian environment and climate are a

must.

Green building concepts exist in the current building codes but are only recommendatory. They

should now become mandatory. Guidelines need to be given for this.

Design and planning for existing building stock needs to be considered, too, alongside the

construction of new buildings.

The Materials and Technology group’s presentation covered the following points:

The use of soil, being a major resource used in making bricks, is a major concern and the systems

of usage and production needs to be made efficient and cleaner. Clean brick production and the

used compressed earth blocks should

be the way forward, under the lead of

the State Industry department and

local panchayats. Also alternatives to

the use of soil need to be looked into.

Flyash brick use is not as prevalent in

spite of research having proven it’s

adantages and utility. Madatory use

needs to be specified by the MoEF,

through local bodies, not just in the

current 10 km radius of a powerplant

but even beyond it.

Regional use of local materials need to

be promoted through incentives. And

de-incentivization and possibly

taxation of materials brought from far

away could be seen as another

strategy to ensure local material usage.

Research and development done on

new materials and techniques need to reach the grass root level of the construction sector.

Updating building section departments in urban local bodies through capacity building is a must

in accordance with current issues and challenges.

Water recharging systems need to be made mandatory and strictly checked in all building

systems.

Potential in solar and wind energy in MP needs to be recognized and harnessed and used in

buildings. Electricity audits are necessary in all new construction.

The Capacity building Group’s presentation covered the following points:

Figure 6: Group work output of Capacity Building group

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Ministers who formulate policies need to be

provided the required exposure to what

changes need to be brought to the current

systems in place in the construction sector.

Best practise exposure visits need to be done

in all govt. bodies concerning the

construction sector.

Benefits of the policy to the local population

in terms of social, economic and financial

benefits need to be explained to local bodies.

Sub-engineers, masons and arisans need to be provided information and training on new

technologies and construction systems. Training of trainers need to be done to carry it out at a

grass root level.

Capacity building of media personnel to propagate ideas of LC-CR construction and make people

aware of a low carbon lifestyle. Also, they need to made aware of the options available to them

as an alternative to conventional energy intensive construction techniques.

Knowledge gaps need to identified and the right instuitions(educational, NGOS, etc) need to

formulate processes to address these gaps amongst various groups.

A diverse panel consisting of Prof. Manmohan Kapshe, Zeenat Niazi, Prof A K Dharni, Prof A K Patil,

Mr Lokendra Thakkar provided individual inputs on each of the group work outputs and then

addressed the gathering with individual

briefs of LC-CR issues at Policy and planning

level. Mr Lokendra Thakker, EPCO said he

would be happy to include the material

developed as part of the State Knowledge

Cell on Climate Change.The chief guest, Mr.

Manish Tyagi, addressed the group,

appreciating the relevance and need for

such a workshop.

With a brief Vote of Thanks from Kriti

Nagrath, DA, the workshop was concluded.

4. Observations and Lessons Learnt

Participation:

The workshop exceeded our expectations in terms of participation with over 20 active policy makers

attending the workshop. The presence of faculty members and their interest in taking the subject

forward will enable these concepts in reaching wider audiences. This will help in building awareness

and capacities of the new generation who will enter the field.

Figure 7: Panel discussion

“The issue that we are discussing today is

important for both private sector as well as

government sector . For the private sector

this will not catch up unless it is cost-

effective... and technologies that are cost

effective have been best accepted by the

common man” – Mr Mangesh Tyagi, Chief

guest

11

Sessions:

The sessions were conducted as planned. The workshop was crunched into a one day session and

this saw good participation.

Evaluation:

Pre and post evaluation were planned to assess the impact of the trainings on the participants. The

pre forms were distributed at the beginning of the workshop. The feedback showed that the group

work session was very well appreciated. The feedback on the other aspects of the training is given

below.

Table 1: Overall workshop experience evaluation

Table 2: Workshop content evaluation

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Overall worshop Extent of achieving workshop aims

1 (minimal effect) 2 3(moderate effect) 4 5(highly effective)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

The challenge Carbon footprint

Design guidelines

Case studies Policy Linkages

Group work

1(of little use) 2 3(moderately useful) 4 5(highly useful)

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Table 3 : Training methods evaluation

Table 4 : Learning process evaluation

Table 5: Evaluation of organization and logistics

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Trainer's methodologies

(exercises, group work, case

studies)

Trianer's style (facilitative, participtory,

lecturing)

Trainer's knowledge and

experience (examples given,

reflections)

Printed materials

(handouts, workbooks)

Visual aids (flip charts, power point, video)

1 (minimal effect) 2 3(moderate effect) 4 5(highly effective)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Workshop structure Adequate time for each topic

Enough time to practice covered

topics

Content relevant to participant's work

and life 1 (strongly disagree) 2(disagree) 3(neutral) 4(agree) 5(strongly agree)

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16

Venue Workshop organization

Workshop information

1(bad) 2 3(OK) 4 5(good)

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5. Annexure 1 : Agenda

Workshop on Low Carbon Climate Resilient Construction for Policy Makers

7th February 2013 Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal

Agenda

Time Session Details 09:30 - 10:00 Registration 10:00 - 10:30 Welcome DA

Welcome Address IIFM Introduction of Particpants Participants Workshop Introduction DA Inaugural Address IIFM

Vote of Thanks IIFM

SESSION 1: CURRENT SCENARIO 10:45 - 11:00 The Challenge IIFM 11:00 - 11:30 Policy Framework for LC– CR Growth DA 11:30 - 12:00 Building Sector and Climate Change SPA SESSION 2: STRATEGY FOR CHANGE 12:00 - 01:00 Low Carbon – Climate Resilient Strategies DA 01:00 - 01:30 Group Work SESSION 3: GROUP WORK 02:30 - 04:00 Group Work Exercise Participants

SESSION 4: VALEDICTORY 04:00 - 05:30 Welcome to Chief Guest & Dignitaries DA

Group Work Presentation Participants Panel discussion Chief Guest Address Brief of LC-CR issues at Policy and Planning level Vote of Thanks DA

14

6. Annexure 2 : List of Participants

S.N. Name Organization Email ID

1 Shweta Asati Rural Engineering Services shwetaasati09@gmail.com

2 Nooper Vishwakarma Rural Engineering Services noopur_vish@sify.com

3 Ar. Kiran Patidar Rural Engineering Services krp_patidar@yahoo.com

4 Smt. Usha Choudhary SDO RES Gwalior usha_choudhary@rediffmail.com

5 Ajay Tiwari MP Housing & Infra. Dev. Board ajaytiwari2459@gmail.com

6 M. K. Sahu MP Housing & Infra. Dev. Board mk_sahu26@rediffmail.com

7 S. D. Pendse MPRRDA Bhopal sdpebdse.91063@yahoo.co.in

8 Akhilesh Chourey Mineral Resources Deptt. chourey.akhilesh@yahoo.in

9 Priyanka Mehra Rural Engineering Services priyankamanitian@gmail.com

10 Sanjeev Kumar Verma Rural Engineering Services sanjeev.v007@gmail.com

11 Ashok Kumar Mishra S.E, WRD ashokmishra395@gmail.com

12 A.K Dharni IIFM akdharni@iifm.ac.in

13 Alok Agarwal Project Uday, Gomp Bhopal alok070@yahoo.co.in

14 Ajay Kumar Nagaria MPRRDA Bhopal gmtdbmprrda@rediffmail.com

15 Parvez Hosaih CM Housing Mission MPRRDA Bhopal

16 Supriya Pendke Directorate Town of Country Planning MP Bhopal

supriypendke@yahoo.co.in

17 Smt Sangeeta Garg Town & country Planning sangeeta1960@gmail.com

18 Prof Amitash Pandey IIFM Bhopal apandey@iifm.ac.in

19 Adarsh Shrivastava MP Forest Dept. JFM adarshshrivastava26@yahoo.com

20 Dr. Deepak Kumar Tripathi IDC, MPRRDA Bhopal researchenviro@gmail.com

21 Saransh Bajpai MP CDM Agercy saransh.bajpai@gmail.com

22 Manish Singh EPCO, Bhopal manish@epco.in

23 O P Dwivedi - Dy. Director Directorate of Geology and mining Govt. of MP

podw56@gmail.com

24 Suprava Patnaik IIFM spatnaik@iifm.ac.in

25 A K Patil IIFM

26 Kriti Nagrath Development Alternatives knagrath@gmail.com

27 Zeenat Niazi Development Alternatives zniazi@devalt.org

28 Rita John Development Alternatives ritazpost@gmail.com

29 Pankaj Khanna Development Alternatives pkhanna@devalt.org

30 Sandeep Arora SPA, Bhopal sarora@spabhopal.ac.in

31 Mammohan Kapse SPA, Bhopal mkapshe@spabhopal.ac.in

32 Mangesh Tyagi State Planning Commission mangeshtyagi123@yahoo.co.in

33 Lokendra Thakker EPCO lokendrathakkar@yahoo.com

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