PoliomyelitisPoliomyelitis

By: Thelma Molina & Rick CarrilloBy: Thelma Molina & Rick Carrillo

What is Poliomyelitis?What is Poliomyelitis?

polio= gray matterpolio= gray matter Myelitis= inflammation of the spinal cordMyelitis= inflammation of the spinal cord This disease result in the destruction of This disease result in the destruction of

motor neurons caused by the poliovirus.motor neurons caused by the poliovirus. Polio is causes by a virus that attacks the Polio is causes by a virus that attacks the

nerve cells of the brain & spinal cord nerve cells of the brain & spinal cord although not all infections result in sever although not all infections result in sever injuries and paralysis.injuries and paralysis.

When was it reported?When was it reported?

Poliomyelitis was recorded in the late Poliomyelitis was recorded in the late 1700’s with the first epidemic in the late 1700’s with the first epidemic in the late 1800’s.1800’s.

The cases that were reported in 1979 The cases that were reported in 1979 where mild and self-limited and do not where mild and self-limited and do not result in paralysis.result in paralysis.

How is polio transmitted?How is polio transmitted?

Poliovirus is transmitted through both oral Poliovirus is transmitted through both oral and fical routes with implantation and and fical routes with implantation and replication occurring in either the replication occurring in either the orapgaryngeal and or in the intestine of orapgaryngeal and or in the intestine of mucosa. Polio cases are most infected for mucosa. Polio cases are most infected for 7-10 days before and after clinical 7-10 days before and after clinical symptoms begin. symptoms begin.

What are the symptoms?What are the symptoms?

Many include fever, pharyngitis, Many include fever, pharyngitis, headache, anorexia, nausea, and headache, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Illness may progress to aseptic vomiting. Illness may progress to aseptic meningitis and menigoencephalitis in 1% meningitis and menigoencephalitis in 1% to 4% of patients. These patients develop to 4% of patients. These patients develop a higher fever, myalia and sever headache a higher fever, myalia and sever headache with stiffness of the neck and back. with stiffness of the neck and back.

Polio in childrenPolio in children

Can it cause paralyzes?Can it cause paralyzes?

Paralytic disease occurs 0.1% to 1% of those Paralytic disease occurs 0.1% to 1% of those who become infected with the polio virus.who become infected with the polio virus.

Paralysis of the respiratory muscles or from Paralysis of the respiratory muscles or from cardiac arrest if the neurons in the medulla cardiac arrest if the neurons in the medulla oblongata are destroyed.oblongata are destroyed.

Patients have some or full recovery from Patients have some or full recovery from paralysis usually apparent with proximally 6 paralysis usually apparent with proximally 6 monthsmonths

Physical therapy is recommended for full Physical therapy is recommended for full recovery.recovery.

TreatmentTreatment

Bed rest with close monitoring of Bed rest with close monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular functioning respiratory and cardiovascular functioning is essential during the acute stage of is essential during the acute stage of poliomyelitis along with fever control and poliomyelitis along with fever control and pain relievers for muscle spasms.pain relievers for muscle spasms.

Mechanical ventilation, respiratory therapy Mechanical ventilation, respiratory therapy may be needed depending of the severity may be needed depending of the severity of patients.of patients.

VaccineVaccine

Polio vaccine first appeared to be licensed in the Polio vaccine first appeared to be licensed in the United States in 1955.United States in 1955.

Advantages:Advantages: Ease to administrationEase to administration Good local mucosal immunityGood local mucosal immunity Disadvantage:Disadvantage: Strict cold shipping & storage requirementsStrict cold shipping & storage requirements Multiple doses required to achieve high humeral Multiple doses required to achieve high humeral

conservation rates against all virus typesconservation rates against all virus types

Vaccine (continuation)Vaccine (continuation)

Babies are given 4 doses through out their Babies are given 4 doses through out their infancy.infancy.

Adolescents and adults should get vaccinated Adolescents and adults should get vaccinated as well. Adolescents younger than 18 should as well. Adolescents younger than 18 should receive the routine four doses.receive the routine four doses.

You should get it if you travel outside places You should get it if you travel outside places where polio id still an epidemicwhere polio id still an epidemic

What is post polio syndrome?What is post polio syndrome? This can affect between 25 to 50 serious of polio. they This can affect between 25 to 50 serious of polio. they

show symptoms of muscle and joint pain general fatigue show symptoms of muscle and joint pain general fatigue and weakness.and weakness.

Three indications of PPSThree indications of PPS Previous diagnoses of polio ( late affect of polio to Previous diagnoses of polio ( late affect of polio to

people that got it like when they where 10 years old)people that got it like when they where 10 years old) Long interval following recovery( people usually live long Long interval following recovery( people usually live long

but effect can occur during 30 to 35 years after the but effect can occur during 30 to 35 years after the diagnoses)diagnoses)

Gradual onset (weakness that tends to be perceptible Gradual onset (weakness that tends to be perceptible until it interferes with daily activities) until it interferes with daily activities)

StatisticsStatistics

Polio was one of the most dreaded child Polio was one of the most dreaded child disease in the 20disease in the 20thth century in the U.S. century in the U.S.

An epidemic in 1916 killed 6,000 people An epidemic in 1916 killed 6,000 people and left 27,000 more paralyzed.and left 27,000 more paralyzed.

In 1950 parents would not let their children In 1950 parents would not let their children go to local swimming pools or movies go to local swimming pools or movies because of the polio virus.because of the polio virus.

Polio factPolio fact

The “march of dimes” began in 1938 a fund-The “march of dimes” began in 1938 a fund-raising campaign for polio. People were raising campaign for polio. People were asked to send one dime directly to the asked to send one dime directly to the White House to help fight the disease. In White House to help fight the disease. In the first 3 days the White House received the first 3 days the White House received 230,000 dimes. President Franklin D. 230,000 dimes. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose profile is now on the Roosevelt, whose profile is now on the dimes was himself paralyzed by polio. dimes was himself paralyzed by polio.

Work citedWork cited

The new England The new England medical journalmedical journal

www.nejm.orgwww.nejm.org Human Anatomy & Human Anatomy &

PhysiologyPhysiology Sixth edition Elaine N. Sixth edition Elaine N.

MariebMarieb

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