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The early BIM adoption for a Contracting Authority: standard and methods in the ANAS approach / Osello, Anna; Rapetti,Niccolo'; Semeraro, Francesco. - STAMPA. - 1(2018), pp. 110-110. ((Intervento presentato al convegno IALCCE tenutosia Ghent nel 28-31 October.

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The early BIM adoption for a Contracting Authority: standard and methods in the ANAS approach

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The early BIM adoption for a Contracting Authority. Standard andmethods in the ANAS approach

A. Osello & N. Rapetti & F. SemeraroDipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale, Edile e GeotecnicaPolitecnico di Torino, Italy

ABSTRACT: In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has contributed to improve the effi-ciency of Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector. In 2014, the European Union issued the2014/24 EU about the public procurement, where for public work and design contests it is recommended the useof BIM tools.For this reason in 2016, ANAS, the first Italian Contracting Authority for infrastructure projects,decided to introduce the BIM methodology. This paper aims to present the early steps of the research dedi-cated to the identification of the main activities to set a framework able to provide BIM, in public works. Theframework proposed considers BIM as a multi-dimensional system, which starts from the re-engineering of theworkflow, the creation of standard, such as the BIM library and then the realization of contract documents forpublic tenders, such as the Employers Information Requirements (EIR), mean to realize the basis for the spreadof BIM.

1 INTRODUCTION

Governments, public infrastructure owners and thesociety as a whole are facing relevant challenges thesedays, such as climate changes, resource efficiency,greater demands on social care, urbanization and im-migration, an aging infrastructure, the need to stimu-late economic growth, as well as constrained budgets.An innovative, competitive and growing constructionsector is a crucial component for tackling these chal-lenges.

The European construction sector output of 1.3 tril-lion represents 9% of EU GDP and it employs 18 mil-lion people (European Construction Industry Feder-ation 2017). It is a driver for economic growth andhome to 3 million enterprises, most of all are Smalland Medium enterprises (SMEs). However, it is oneof the last digitalised sector with flat or falling pro-ductivity rates (Accenture 2016) . The sectors annualproductivity rate has increased by only 1% over thepast twenty years (McKinsey Global Institute 2017).Several industry reports (Gerbert, Castagnino, Roth-baller, Renz, & Filitz 2016) (The Economist 2015)(National Audit Office 2001) identify systemic issuesin the construction process relating to its levels of col-laboration, under-investment in technology and Re-search and Development (R&D) and poor informationmanagement. These issues result in poor value forpublic money and higher financial risk due to unpre-

dictable cost overruns and avoidable project changes.Because of its economic importance, the performanceof the construction sector can significantly influencethe overall economic development.

Compared to other sectors, the construction ones,also, is facing its own digital Revolution, having pre-viously benefitted from only modest productivity im-provements. Digitization of the construction sectorstands for the adoption or increase in the use of dig-ital or computer technology by an entity. It also rep-resents the opportunity for the construction sector totake advantage of the general availability of best prac-tices from other industrial sectors and of engineeringmethods and tools, digital workflows and technologyskills to become an actual digital construction sector.

BIM is being adopted rapidly by different partsof the value chain as a strategic tool to deliver costsavings, productivity and operations efficiencies, im-proved infrastructure quality and better environmen-tal performance. BIM is defined ”as a modeling tech-nology and associated set of processes to produce,communicate, and analyze building models” (East-man, Liston, Sacks, & Liston 2008) . The model rep-resents the digital representation of phisycal and func-tional characteristic of a facility (NIBS 2017) (Chan-dler, Mcgregor, & Morin 2012) and it contains spatialinformation, material properties and allows differentactors to exchange and update information (Aladag,Demirdogen, & Isk 2016) leading to a better under-

standing of the whole project.Governments and public procurers across Europe

and around the world are recognizing the value ofBIM as a strategic enabler for cost, quality and pol-icy goals. Many of them are taking proactive stepsto foster the use of BIM in their construction sec-tors and public asset delivery and operations to en-sure these economic, environmental and social bene-fits (EUBIM 2017). Consequently, BIM methods andtools implementation represents a relevant challengefor local public contracting authorities, in order to re-quire its use during public tenders.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the earlysteps of BIM implementation by ANAS SpA, a leadercompany into the Italian market of design, construc-tion and maintenance of transportation infrastruc-tures, which became, since 2002, a joint-stock com-pany 100%held by Italian Government

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

BIM usage is accelerating rapidly across the globe,driven by the major private and government ownerswho want to embrace the benefits of faster, certainerproject delivery and reliabler quantity and cost (Mc-GrawHill 2014). Whilst the technology enabling BIMemerged in the 1970s and 1980s, BIM implementa-tion has been relatively slow in the construction in-dustry compared to industries such as manufacturingand engineering. Despite this fact, there has been asignificant shift over the past ten years as the industryrealizes the significant advantages to be gained fromthe use of this technology (RICS 2013).

A broad range of research is emerging to investi-gate issues of implementation for the industry (Ah-mad, Demian, & Price 2013), and also for the Gov-ernments (EUBIM 2017), in order to communicateactual benefits to key players of the construction sec-tor. McGraw Hill (McGrawHill 2014) has producedsince 2007 a series of reports which collect global sur-veys on BIM adoption rates, demonstrating the grow-ing trends of principal markets, till today. Also DodgeData & Analytics (Fox 2017) has produced market re-port of BIM adoption, in particular for infrastructureapplications, depicting dramatic increases in terms ofBIM usage spread, compared to the building sector.

According to McGraw Hill, construction compa-nies have emerged as the leading drivers of BIM in-novation and value, in fact, adoption by contractorsexceeded architects in North America (74% vs 70%)in 2014, and the percentage is expected to increase inthe next few years. The survey was conducted with727 contractors in ten countries that represent someof the largest construction markets globally; in par-ticular Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany,Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, United Kingdom(UK) and United States (US). A qualitative analysiswas conducted also in the two emerging markets of

China and India, in order to evaluate BIM engagementin these markets.

Dodge Data & Analytics study in 2017 revealeda bright future for BIM for transportation infras-tructures, considering previous studies that was con-ducted in 2011 where infrastructure was lagging be-hind the vertical building market in terms of BIMadoption. The survey revealed that BIM users athigh level of implementation, especially between en-gineers, grew from 20% in 2015 to 52% in 2017,among respondents from US, UK, France and Ger-many. Most of the companies interviewed have foundthat use of BIM improves their processes and projectoutcomes most by reducing errors and providing greatcost predictability, 87% of users have reported posi-tive value with about half of them reporting a ROI of25% or more.

Also the EU BIM Task Group, which is a co-fundedEuropean Commission project composed by publicsector clients, infrastructure owners and policy mak-ers from over 20 countries across Europe, has con-ducted a survey among European public sector stake-holders (policy officers, public estate, infrastructureowners and public procurers) with the purpose to es-tablish a better understanding of the current status andpractices of the member states regarding BIM imple-mentation programs. The study reported that the 69%of respondents have one or more BIM programmesin progress, either at implementation stage, or haveexecuted their programme, mostly under public lead-ership. Furthermore, the survey explained that pub-lic estate stakeholders are primarily focused on eco-nomic benefits, while public stakeholders concernedwith industrial policy consider more the constructionof sector level economic drivers, such as improvingthe competitiveness and growth of the constructionsector.

2.1 EU Regional trends

The European Union issued the 2014/24/EU directiveon public procurement, recommending to its mem-ber states the adoption of BIM in public projects. Infact, art.22, c.4 of the directive reports: ”For publicworks contracts and design contests, Member Statemay require the use of specific electronic tools, suchas building information modelling tools or similar”.

Principal EU regional trends and BIM adoptionrates will be presented in the following section

2.1.1 United KingdomIn the UK the government has introduced a BIM im-plementation strategy for the construction industry in2011, with the ambitious target to require BIM onall centrally procured built assets across all govern-ment departments by 2016, through a 5 years stageimplementation plan. The plan provided budget andresources to the Construction Industry Council (CIC)to establish the UK BIM Task Group, which defined

new ways of working, standards and protocols to helpindustry in the digital transformation of the sector.The group made freely available the British Standards(BS) and the Publicly Available Specifications (PAS)along with the legal addendum. The next step of thevision provided by the Digital Built Britain is to en-able a smart connected high performing built envi-ronment, achieving Level 2 of BIM implementation(Gurevich, Sacks, & Shrestha 2017) stage by 2020and commencing with Level 3 in the same year.

2.1.2 FinlandThe government entity Senate Properties, responsiblefor managing the country’s property assets, startedwith BIM pilot projects since 2001. In 2007 theystarted requiring BIM modelling that is IFC com-pliant, releasing BIM Guidelines to assist industrytransition, updated in 2012 to a National BIM re-quirement. A strong network of industry parties hasbeen promoted since the beginning, to develop im-plementation, management and development of com-mon open standards, processes, methods and tools. Atthe moment, there is no single entity responsible formanaging the BIM programme. Some of the futureplans of the Finnish Government is to develop moreguidelines for stakeholders in BIM based processesand for simulations and analysis. Other initiatives in-clude tools for BIM model uses and model viewsfor maintenance and operation. The InfraBIM stan-dard Inframodel 4 will be finalised and implemented(McAuley, Hore, & West 2012).

2.1.3 DenmarkIn 2007, Danish government launched the DigitalConstruction program, following the results obtainedfrom previous studies since 2001. The aim was todefine Information and Communication Technologies(ICT) requirements and to promote the use of digitalprocesses, methods and tools among architects, engi-neers and constructors participating at public tenders.In 2013, the Parliament established a Danish BIMmandate, for all public funded projects overe2.7 mil-lion euro.

2.1.4 GermanyIn December 2015, the Federal Ministry of Trans-port and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) launched itsstrategic Road Map for BIM for the transport in-frastructure sector in Germany. This internationallyaligned plan, a joint project of government and in-dustry, was largely developed by an industry-led ini-tiative ”planen-bauen 4.0” in 2014. It has been de-signed to facilitate the target that BIM is to be ap-plied on all new public projects procured in Germanyfrom the end of 2020 onwards. A phased mobilizationperiod prior to 2020 is intended to provide a progres-sive roadmap for the development of capability and

capacity in the market, in particular with three levelsof maturity.

2.1.5 FranceThe Minister of Housing, Equality of Territories andRurality presented a plan to revive construction. ThePlan de Transition Numrique dans le Btiment (PTNB)is one of three action plans aimed at acceleratingthe deployment of digital tools across the entirebuilding sector. In its roadmap, PTNB identified theuse and promotion of standards as a topic of highimportance. The PTNB created a French roadmapin 2015 which provides a three-years timeline. Thisroadmap is structured around three guidelines, whichare related to experiment, capitalise and convinceall stakeholders; to support the enhancement ofprofessional skills and stimulate the development oftools tailored to small projects; to develop a trusteddigital ecosystem through neutral, stable data formatsthat can be used in the description of the structures ofdigital models, tailored for software interoperabilityand for the development of open source applications.

2.1.6 Italian marketItalian Government did not defined a clear vision for aBIM program of adoption, since the publication of theEU Directive 24 in 2014. Before a solid public inter-est, single firms and groups of associations from theAEC sector such as OICE (Engineering and Econom-ical Consulting Organizations) or ANCE (NationalAssociation of Building Constructors), recognisedvalues and benefits of the BIM method and startedworking with existing software and tools, withoutany particular existing policy, procurement and legalframework. Most of them using foreign standards andprotocols. Anafyo reports (Anafyo 2016) points outin 2015 a business value of e1 billion among pri-vate and public sector works related to BIM, and agrowing value of e2.6 billion has been reported in2016 (Anafyo 2017). A first standing proposal camefrom the Minister of Transportations and Infrastruc-tures with the decree D.Lgs. 18th of April 2016, n.50which reports: ”Public contracting authorities may re-quire [...] the use of specific electronic methods andtools, such as building and infrastructure informationmodelling tools”, along with the national strategy ofdigitization of the public sector. The strategy adoptedby the Italian government to define a BIM programwas to establish a Committee (MIT 2016), composedby representing from the academy and governmentaldepartments, with the aim to define progressive timesand methods of mandatory adoption of the aforemen-tioned modelling methods and tools.

During the same period, a set of technical nationalstandards and contract protocols have been producedby the UNI (Italian standards Institution) (UNI 2017),in order to develop a compatible regulatory frame-

work to encourage BIM implementation by profes-sionals of the construction sector.

At the end of the ministerial committee’s work, afinal program of BIM adoption for the public sectorwas defined with the D.M. 1st of December 2017,n.560. The plan consists in six steps of progressivemandatory requirement of BIM methods and toolsfor public works, starting from 2019 with works overe100 million cost, until 2025 for works undere1 mil-lion cost.

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Case study presentation: ANAS SpA

ANAS SpA is a public industrial company, leader intothe Italian market of design, construction and main-tenance of transportation infrastructures and openedto the international market thanks to the subsidiarycompany ANAS International Enterprise (AIE). It isjuridically identified as a ’body governed by publiclaw’, which means bodies that are financed, for themost part, by the State, regional or local authorities,or by other bodies governed by public law (?). Infact, since 2002 ANAS became a joint-stock com-pany 100% held by the Italian Government. The busi-ness plan of investments per year is estimated on e3billion in works, supplies and services. ANAS ownsmore than 26 thousands km of roads and highwaysdirectly managed and a plan for the renovation of re-gional and administrative roads of 6 thousands km arealready started.

A relevant business plan project started in 2016, re-lated to the implementation of BIM methodology intocurrent practices of design and management of ANAStransportation assets.

ANAS management unit involved into the BIM im-plementation project is the Design and Works man-agement, and in particular the Design coordinationunit is the main responsible. In this unit, there arefive main areas of specific development, according tothe main disciplines related to infrastructure projects.These specialty fields are represented by i) Infras-tructure design and structural engineering; ii) Geol-ogy and materials management; iii) Environment, iv)Health and Safety, Expropriations; v) Tunnels andGeotechnics.

Therefore, after the analysis of company process,according to project goals, the early steps of the BIMimplementation plan have been related to: i) definitionof a roadmap for the introduction of BIM into ANAS;ii) definition of BIM Point of Adoption(PoA) on thebasis of the BIM maturity level; iii) creation of a BIMLibrary suitable for infrastructure project; ii) the de-velopment of Employer’s Information Requirements(EIRs), in order to enable ANAS to require BIM ac-tivities in public tenders.

3.2 ANAS Project implementation requirements

ANAS aims to define an appropriate framework ableto generate a new standards for the information man-agement able to integrate BIM toward different disci-pline from design to public tenders phases.

Furthermore, taking into consideration a progres-sive implementation of BIM methodology into theDesign coordination unit, how to define by D.M.560/2017. BIM methodology will mandatory require-ment from 1ST January 2019, affecting ANAS’ De-sign and Works unit planned investments, for a 32%of the total in 2019 and for the 89% in 2020.

Therefore, all parts, interested into the project, willget involved in this change of paradigm, not only in-side the company but carrying out a key role in theItalian market, encouraging a change of dynamics andbehaviors of the construction supply chain, unlocknew, more efficient and collaborative ways of work-ing and moreover providing to industry sector require-ments and upskill to deliver projects accordingly withapplicable standards, guidelines and protocols to ”al-low them to move forward in a consistent way withoutdistorting the market” (Hooper 2015).

For these reasons, the project implementation re-quirements are: i) creation of contractual document,for the public tenders; ii) creation of standards andprocedures, to manage BIM models; iii) definition ofguideline and best practices, for internal and externalsupport.

3.3 Anas methodological approach

The methodological approach for BIM implementa-tion into ANAS structure, starts from the definition ofsome important concepts such BIM maturity stagesand BIM fields definition, useful to create a commonknowledge for the introduction a roadmap and otheroriented activities.

3.3.1 BIM maturity stagesIn this early stage, it was essential to establish a com-mon definition of BIM, avoiding the confusion dueto people perceptions, background and experiences.Therefore, it was necessary to identify the differentBIM capabilities on the basis of analytical frameworkable to describe BIM according to maturity level ofend use (Khosrowshahi & Arayici 2012). Addition-ally, it is necessary to arrange BIM into a frameworkable to consider BIM not only as separate set of soft-ware and process, but especially as the integration ofproduct and modelling process (Succar 2009) (Abdi-rad 2017) (Hooper 2015).

Bim stage 1: object base

MODELLING

PRE-BIM

Bim stage 2: model base

COLLABORATION

Bim stage 3: network base

INTEGRATION Integrated Project Delivery

IPD1 2 3

Figure 1: BIM maturity stages

The definition of BIM maturity model is essentialin the methodological approach and in the interna-tional literature several models were proposed. Forinstance, according to Succar model (Succar 2009)(Gerbov 2014), as visible in the Figure 1 there are fivedifferent moments, starting from pre-BIM status, thatrepresent the traditional construction practice, to ar-rive at the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), that itrepresents the long term goal of BIM implementation(Smits, van Buiten, & Hartmann 2017) .

Once created a common definition of each stagethat compose the BIM capabilities implementation, itis possible to set the goal in short, medium and longterm on the basis of investment and process schedule.

3.3.2 Road map definitionOn the basis of current company and ministerialgoals, that ANAS have to achieve by 2019, the roadmap has been divided in six stages and each of themare essential to achieve an appropriate level of matu-rity on the basis of ANAS needs, readiness and capa-bilities, that are:

1. Kick off

2. Imprinting

3. Implementation

4. Analysis

5. Validation

6. Results

The first step Kick off aims to create a commonbase of knowledge about the state of art of InfraBIMin the international literature and then mapping thepresent process in order to implement BIM method-ology into public tenders.

The second step Imprinting should define whatare the models content for each work stage throughthe study of the international literature of noteworthypublications and pilot projects, in order to identify thebest solution for the Italian context.

The third step Implementation is focused on the de-velopment of BIM model and the creation of a BIMobject library for infrastructure project. Furthermore,A EIR template will be produced for design supportservice.

The fourth step Analysis aim to test interoperabilityprocess through the use of main exchange data formatin order to provide standard information to be sharedamong different disciplines.

The fifth step is Validation of results and calibrationof the model. Model calibration and loop of operationfor testing the bi-directional process and the capabil-ity to maintain the information updated avoiding thelack of data or the recreation of those one.

As visible in the Figure 2, currently the implemen-tation project in ANAS is concluding the preliminaryphase, from a pre-BIM situation to Modelling BIMmaturity stage, that refers to the migration from 2D to3D and object-based modelling and documentation.The BIM model is still single-disciplinary and thedeliverable are mostly CAD-like documents, existingcontractual relationships and liability issues persist(Succar & Sher 2013).

As mentioned, the infrastructure projects are ex-tremely complex, involving several disciplines at dif-ferent scales, from regional to construction ones; ad-ditionally, there are other important aspects that ob-stacle the introduction of BIM such as the immatu-rity of software and interoperability format, lack ofcontractual documentation, insufficiency of standardand best practices (Bradley, Li, Lark, & Dunn 2016).For this reason, in early BIM adoption it has been es-sential to define a Point of Adoption (PoA) of BIMmethodology, in order to facilitate the process with-out creating drawbacks to project development.

3.3.3 Point of AdoptionAccording to the roadmap, during the Kick Off phase,the current ”as is” process has been mapped, in orderto understand how to manage the progressive intro-duction of BIM. In this phase, it is essential to definea Technical Adoption Model (TAM) (Ramanayaka &Venkatachalam 2015) (Gurevich, Sacks, & Shrestha2017) to support the structure to indvidutate an appro-priate PoA to overpass the obstacle of this transitionfrom a pre-BIM to Modelling stage.

The PoA is the point, where after readiness periodthe organization transforms into organizational ca-pability/maturity, successfully adopting object-basedmodelling tools and workflows (Succar & Kassem2015). Therefore, as visible in Figure 3, the PoA hasbeen established at the end of analytic phase, in orderto overcome the problems due to the collaboration de-sign, where the interoperability process is not alreadyefficient to allow a real integration of BIM. Despite ofthe immaturity of BIM application, it should be possi-ble to generate a BIM model, that reports informationuseful for next work stages.

3.4 BIM activities

Once defined the methodological approach, on the ba-sis of the requirements, the roadmap schedule and thePoA. Early steps of adoption were established to oper-ate on multi-dimensional system of knowledge basedon a conceptual framework, visible in the Figure 4composed by three main fields: i) Technology fieldsis ”the application of scientific knowledge for practi-cal purpose”; ii) Process field is ”a specific ordering ofworks activities across time and place, with a begin-ning, an end, and clearly identified inputs and outputs:a structure for action”; iii) Policy fields are ”written

2016 2017 2018 2019

01 02 03 04 05 06Kick Off Imprinting Implementation Analysis Validation Results

State of art about InfraBIM and mapping of procedural proccess of infrastructure project and public works commitment.

Definition of model contets for each design phase.Identification of a noteworthy pilot study.

Development of model and creation of BIM Library for infrastructure design.

Testing interoperability process through the use the exchange data format.

Definition of Employer’s Information (EIR) Requirement for design support service.

Definition of stragies and workflow for the implementation of BIM.

Analysis of the interoperability results, model contents and procurement.

Validation of the result and calibration of model.

Definition of guide line based on the best practices useful to improve the BIM methodology

Current state

Figure 2: Roadmap for BIM implementation into ANAS SpA

Geological and geotechnical survey

Geotechnical and geological characterization

Analysis and prevision of rock mass behavior

Choice of:Excavation methodImprovement methodPre-supportLinings

Design analysis and validations

Traditional Approach workflow, based on Cad

PoA of BIM adoption

BIM components creation Tunnel Modeling

Interoperability process

Design analysis and validation

Detailed Design

Introduction of BIM approach in the phase of Design Analysis

Figure 3: Point of Adoption of BIM methodology in the early steps of projects integration.

principles or rules to guide decision-making”(Succar,Sher, & Williams 2012).

On the basis of the three aforementioned domains,the following activities were developed:

• Re-engineering activities of design process forthe Process field

• Creation of BIM Library for the Technology field

• Development of EIRs for Policy field

3.4.1 Re-engineering processThe re-engineering activity was dedicated to map in-ternal process for each work stage, in order to un-

derstand which information were essential and whatare roles and responsibilities as a starting point to de-fine the new system management. In fact, as is visiblein the Figure 5, it is important to underline the largeamount of disciplines, involved in the design process.

The current workflow is characterized by a unidi-rectional flow of information, based on CAD applica-tion and by a succession of input and output; there-fore all information are separated and not integrated,providing, as consequence, the replication of data anddifficulty to ensure the information quality and theirmanagement for each work stage, without loss of data.

The re-engineering process aims to reconstructwhat the outputs needed for the different phases of

POLICY FIELD

PROCESS FIELD

TECHNOLOGY FIELD

owners

architects

engineers

suppliers

fabricators

project managers

facility managers

network service

regulatory bodies

insurance companieseducational

instituionsresearch centres

hardware

GIS

BIMsoftware

contractual agreements

research projects

guidelines

components

drawingsdocuments

models database tecnologies

communication system

Figure 4: Three interlocking fields of BIM activity

work, which coincide with the documentation neededto pass the authoritarian phase of the government.Introducing a collaborative approach BIM based, asis visible in Figure 6, that expects a sharing of databased on the collaboration of a unique model, whereall information are collected and organized. The workflow should provide collaboration, avoiding the lackof data and facilitate the management of information,preserving data available and undated, contributing toavoid errors identifying promptly interference and in-congruity.

3.4.2 BIM libraryTaking into account the insufficient maturity of BIMmethodology and tools in infrastructure project, oneof the main barrier observed, it is the lack of BIMobjects suitable for InfraBIM, useful and usable notonly for the geometrical representation but especiallyfor managing the large amount of information.

In this sense, ANAS, starting from a classificationof common element, that composed the great amountof its civil works, is going to provide the first BIM li-brary free, multi-platform (Autodesk, Bentley, Archi-cad, etc.) available for all its service providers.

This strategy presents multiple objectives from dif-ferent point of view. Primarily, it should promote dif-fusion of BIM, overcoming the lack of suitable ob-jects in the authoring software. Secondary, it aims tocontribute the creation of an ANAS Standard for thedevelopment and management of information whichderived from the model.

Each BIM object is characterized by geometricaland alphanumerical information, additionally thereare several parameters created according to ANAS en-coding, as visible in Table 1, to facilitate the opera-tion of verification, validation and then the mainte-nance. This set of parameter should be able to createa reliable structure of data and standard both for thesupplier and the contract authoring, avoiding the riskof redundancy and incongruity of data. Otherwise, it

cartography

infrastructure design

1

geology

environment

hydraulics

infrastructure design

2

structural engineering

geotechnics

MEP design

infrastructure design

3

expropriations

�eld interferences

cost estimation

Health & Safety

START

END

LEGEND

input

output

iterative process

Figure 5: Traditional CAD based workflow

should be impossible to obtain appropriate paramet-ric model able to provide information for each workstage and especially during the maintenance phase.

At the moment, first objects were create for Re-vit Autodesk, in order to facilitate the estimation ofquantity for each part. In fact, as visible in Figure 7complex element such as the abutment, for instance,are composed by several nested components as ballastwall, retaining wall, winning wall and pedestals. Al-though this approach could require a great effort forthe realization of parametric objects, it should facil-itate the connection among model and price list. Inthis way, it should be possible to account easily workprice with the model and also link different kind ofinformation for each phase.

3.4.3 EIR as a BIM enabler for public tendersANAS priority, as a contracting authority, is to beable to subcontract works, engineering, architectureand support services. For this reason three differenttechnical addendum to contract documents were de-veloped, related to information management of BIMmodels. Contents of the EIR can be grouped in threemain areas: a) technical section, b) management sec-tion, and c) commercial section.

Section a) is dedicated to technical specificationsessential for the realization of BIM models, such ashardware and software infrastructure, data exchange

Table 1: ANAS parameter identificationParameter Parameter description Parameter type Disciplin Data type Paramenter collection

Codification A−Progressiva Codice progressiva Shared/Instance Common Text DataCodification A−Elemento Strutturale Contrassegno di posizione Shared/Instance Common Text DataCodification A−Codice Pila ID obejct Shared/Instance Common Text DataEstimation A−Codice Tariffa Codice tariffa ANAS Shared/Type Common Text OtherGeneral A−Parametri sezione Section Descriptionl Shared/Type Structural Section DimensionGeneral A−Materiale strutturale Structural material Shared/Type Common Material Material and finishEtc. ... ... ... ... ... ...

5

DATADATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

BIMService Provider

Service ProviderGIS

Service ProviderSIM

Road

Geotechnic & Tunnel

Structure

Hydraulic

Service Provider

L�����

Data exchange

Data serviceprovider

Document

Disciplines

Connection

Project Information Modelling

FMPIM

PIM

Figure 6: BIM workflow

formats or company standards. Section b) includesrequirements concerning information modelling andmanagement processes, such as BIM uses and ob-jectives, level of developments (LODs), or roles andresponsibilities. Section c) is related to specific pro-visions of the service/work, such as model deliveryplan, payments or intellectual property.

The first test performed was the development of anEIR for a support service, with the aim to realize theBIM model of a state road, prior to the publicationof the aforementioned standards and decrees. In thiscase, particular attention was dedicated to technicalaspects of the services, disregarding a better descrip-tion of management aspects such as uses and objec-tives of the model.

The second test performed concerned the realiza-tion of an EIR for the update of the previous modelduring construction works, in order to deliver the as-built of the project. Significant efforts were dedicatedin describing standards and classification systems,LOD and special recommendations about requiredparameters (i.e. object modeler, progressive numberof kilometers and geographic coordinates, deliverymilestones, reinforcement cover, equipment manufac-turer and model, etc.) and also parameters for externalreferences, for the unambiguous identification of doc-uments, images, deliverable directories (i.e. technicalsheets, test certification, maintenance plan, etc.).

The third test carried out was the realization of anEIR for a modeling support service of BIM objects,specifically designed for infrastructure projects. In or-

der to avoid unexpected results, a detailed descrip-tion of BIM uses and objectives has been producedfor each object, developing data sheets and providingparameters and information.

The last test performed was about an EIR for en-gineering and architecture services, developed forANAS design frame agreements. In this type of con-tract, the selected contractor or group of contractorsare bounded to the contracting authority until the ex-tinction of the total amount of the frame agreement. Avery detailed description of technical and managerialaspects has been provided in the document, specifi-cally for validation procedures, time schedule imple-mentation, cost and facility management implementa-tion.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

According to the estimated time set by D.M.560/2017, ANAS is continuing the BIM implementa-tion process, establishing a BIM direction appointedto manage BIM models and to provide support at in-ternal structures and suppliers for the creation of para-metric model. At the same time, once completed thephase dedicated to process mapping, it is going todefine the BIM uses, essential to facilitate the em-ployment of BIM model, during the work stages, be-cause the pilots developed have highlighted that is notenough to indicate the LOD in the contract to ensurean appropriate model.

The first version of BIM library it should be avail-able and uploaded to customers profile in a fewmonth, surely the first of June 2018, because fromSeptember ANAS is going to activate the framework,published in October 2017 in which the mandatoryuse of BIM library has been introduced for the real-ization of BIM models.

Data resulting from tender respondents are notcompletely available, but preliminary considerationsabout EIRs produced during the research can be done.Figure.8 represents the evolution in the strictness ofrequirements over the four tests performed. A qualita-tive scale from 0 to 5 has been applied to measure thelevel of strictness of each content composing the tech-nical, management and commercial sections of EIRs.

The chart points out a progressive increase in strict-ness of requirements, in particular for the manage-ment section. The most increased requirements are i)

STR_SPALLA: Abutment paremetric modelStrucutural foundation/retaining wall

Ballast wallRetaining wallWining wallPedestal

Strucutural ColumnColumnCapPedestal

Structural beam Beam

Strucutural foundationPlie footingPileSteel RibFilling

STR_Pila: Colum parametric model

STR_Trave: Beam concret parametric model

GET_Fondazione a pozzo: Shaft foundation

3D Objects Description Type Nested components

Figure 7: BIM infrastructure library

BIM objectives and uses, ii) attended information de-liverables, iii) validation procedures and iv) clash andcode detection. Data derived from model deliveries ofinitial tests enabled ANAS to improve following EIRsin critical areas of BIM developments. A minor de-crease in LOD requirements must be noticed. In fact,some tests demonstrate a useless contractual value ofLODs if not combined with BIM objectives and uses.Furthermore, clear definitions of attended deliverableand validation procedures result in better project out-comes.

5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS

Early stages of ANAS BIM implementation presentedin this work clearly define a preliminary frameworkof BIM adoption for a contracting authority in trans-portation infrastructure projects. Solid contract provi-sions concerning information modelling and manage-ment are necessary prior to subcontract services andworks. Further investigations are planned for follow-ing steps of the research, related to the identificationof metrics detailed for contract evaluations, valida-tion procedures of BIM models deliveries, definitionof BIM uses for each work and authorization stages.

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1 3 4 5

Hardware& software

IT solutions(provided or available)

Exchange formats

ANAS standards

Objectivesacross phases

BIM objectivesand uses

Attended informationdeliverables

LODs

Roles&Responsibility

Management of subcontractors

Validationprocedures

Clash andCode detection

4D

5D

6D

7D

Intellectualproperty

Communications

BEP devand approv

Specificprovisions

0 2

EASSS2W

SS1 aver

age

trend

s

Figure 8: Evolution in strictness of requirements

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