political aspects of ngos evolution : a critical analysis of ngos activities in bangladesh
TRANSCRIPT
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Economic Systems in past
Primitive Society
Pastoral Age
Agriculture
Feudalism
Capitalism
Communism / Socialism
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Capitalism
Modernization
Trickle down
Structural Adjustment
Communism
Marxist
New Marxist
Dependency
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Revolutionvs
Reformation
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Socialist Block
Leftist political party all over the world
Inefficient & unstable govt.
Corruption in public sector
Leads to peoples uprising
Revolution
Capitalist Block
?
Leads to peoples satisfaction with existing economic system
Reformation
NGOs
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Pre Independent Period
oVolunteer based org.
oReligious motive
oNot similar to present known NGOs
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First Govt.
NGOs emerged at a critical moment in Bangladesh
Cyclone in 1970
War ravaged economy
Famine in newly born country (1974)Features
Limited NGOs
Relief & Rehabilitation activities
BRAC, ASA etc prominent NGOs came into picture.
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Zia Regime
Increasing Number of NGOs
Donor’s intention to provide fund for NGOs
Formulation of ‘The Foreign Donation (Voluntary activities) Regulation Rules 1978’.
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Ershad Regime
Golden age for NGOs
NGOs all over the country
Massive Foreign Donation
“Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Ordinance 1982”
A notice issued by the then External Resource Division(ERD) that prevails NGOs profit based projects with their regular activities.
Flood in 1988 & govt. inefficiency
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SERVICES OF NGOs
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Social Welfare
Women development
Development of children
Health & Nutrition
Family Planning
Urban & Rural Development
Relief & Rehabilitation
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Economic
Credit
Enterprise Development
Employment
Productive Assets
Modern Agriculture & Irrigation
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Education
Pre-Primary Education
Formal Education
Adult Education
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Political
Political Participation
Consciousness Raising
Legal aid
Access to Govt. Services
Local Govt. Activation
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Skill & Expertise
Capacity in Planning & Management
Occupational Skill Training
Mobilization of Target Group
Group Formation
Leadership Development
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Number vs. Development
2161 NGOs are registered under NGOAB
Cancellation of 513 NGOs in last 10 years
Thousands of Unregistered NGOs
5 Registered NGOs in each upazila
Fund is also huge(Tk-70,447,029,441.58 in 11-12)
Development????????????
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Administrative Expenditure
• According to rules, NGOs can’t expend more than 20% of total allocation for administrative cost.
• ‘Nijera kori’ expend 57% for internal cost
• ‘Proshika’ & ‘Manobik’ utilize 30% only for salary.
• NGOAB found some NGOs having admin expenditure more than 60%
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lowsalary for field level workers
HighAdministrative
cost
Luxurious life style of Higher class official
Labor Exploitation
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NGOs fund / Personal Property
Use of NGOs fund for personal interest
Embezzlement of employees fund, scholarship fund etc
Tax evasion by NGO leaders though they create consciousness about duties & responsibilities of people.
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Anti-leftist VS Pro-leftist
Motive was to Prevent Communism
Proshika, Nijera kori, Gonosastha Kendra etc directly advertise leftist tenet
Money comes from imperialist capitalist block
Historical conflict result to this circumstance
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Micro-credit : Endless Debate
Pro micro-credit view
Poor’s Banking
Poverty reduction
Anti micro-credit view
High Interest rate
Double Interest
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Involvement in Politics
According to FOREIGN DONATION ACT 1978 involvement of NGOs in politics is illegal
So-called Consciousness raising
Influence in local & national level election
Attempt to create ‘Third Party’ in politics
Donors interest
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Consequences
Not successful as expected
Political Harassment
Grameen Bank, Proshika
Politics-NGO nexus like Politics-Business nexus
Interference of Donors in internal politics
Misuse of money
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Accountability
Not accountable to people & govt.
Anti-state forces utilize this opportunity
Cancelation of registration due to illegal money transfer.
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