Political contAthens Pericles ( BC) Ruled AthensRuled Athens Age of PericlesAge of Pericles 3 Goals3 Goals Strengthen Democracy Strengthen Empire Glorify Athens Stronger Democracy Increased paid government jobsIncreased paid government jobs Regarded as a PopulistRegarded as a Populist Established Direct DemocracyEstablished Direct Democracy People rule directly Not through representatives The Empire Expanded the army and navy for safetyExpanded the army and navy for safety Glorify Athens Bought large amounts of gold, ivory, marbleBought large amounts of gold, ivory, marble To build great statues and buildings Gave funds to build huge monuments like The ParthenonGave funds to build huge monuments like The Parthenon Technology The Parthenon Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena (considered their protector) Began in 447 B.C. and completed in 438 B.C. Regarded as an enduring symbol of Greece Served as treasury of the Delian League 6 th century was a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin Mary Marble was sold in 1816 to a British museum Greeks want it back but no success 228 feet long and 101 feet wide Leon von Klenze, 1846 The Agora (Marketplace) Greek Sculpture Statues showStatues show Serenity (Peace) Glorify human body Strength Very BIG Classical ArtClassical Art Promoted harmony, order, and balance Discobolus Intellectual Greek Drama Drama is Greek word meaning actionDrama is Greek word meaning action All actors menAll actors men Express pride and dedication to GodsExpress pride and dedication to Gods Elaborate costumes and masksElaborate costumes and masks Theater of Dionysus, Athens 17,000 Spectators Thalia - laughing face (Comedy) Melpomene- weeping face (Tragedy) Two Greek Muses Tragedy Featured a hero with a flaw that caused his downfallFeatured a hero with a flaw that caused his downfall Authors: Sophocles and EuripedesAuthors: Sophocles and Euripedes OedipusOedipus Fulfilled the prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother Brought great disaster to his city and family Comedy Filled with slapstick and crude humorFilled with slapstick and crude humor Made fun of politics, customs, and peopleMade fun of politics, customs, and people Author: AristophanesAuthor: Aristophanes Oedipus reading Ethical Dilemma presentation Philosophers lovers of wisdomlovers of wisdom Universe is put together in orderly wayUniverse is put together in orderly way Laws unchangingLaws unchanging Understanding through logic and reasonUnderstanding through logic and reason Socrates Standards do not existStandards do not exist QUESTION and examine your beliefsQUESTION and examine your beliefs 399 B.C. put on trial for corrupting the youth399 B.C. put on trial for corrupting the youth Sentenced to death and forced to drink poisonSentenced to death and forced to drink poison Plato Wrote The RepublicWrote The Republic 3 classes exist in society3 classes exist in society - Rulers - warriors - Farmers/Artisans Only the smartest would be philosopher kingOnly the smartest would be philosopher king Plato Critiques Democracy Not all the people are smart enough to run the governmentNot all the people are smart enough to run the government Democratic leaders are more concerned with getting elected than doing what is right.Democratic leaders are more concerned with getting elected than doing what is right. Aristotle Learn by doing.Learn by doing. You can only learn something if you do it yourself Invented rules to argue logicallyInvented rules to argue logically Ideas create scientific methodIdeas create scientific method Tutor of Alexander the GreatTutor of Alexander the Great Herodotus Father of History Pythagorean Theorem Hippocrates: Father of Medicine Disease occurs naturally not by Gods! Discus Thrower The Olympic games were the greatest of all the ancient Greek sports festivals. They were held at Olympia every four years beginning in 776 B.C. to honor Zeus, father of the Gods. Olympia Why Olympia? Oldest religious centerOldest religious center Convenient to reach by shipConvenient to reach by ship Truce among the Greeks was declared for the month before and during the Olympics. Wars put on hold.Truce among the Greeks was declared for the month before and during the Olympics. Wars put on hold. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers Who Could Compete? Open to any free-born Greek in the worldOpen to any free-born Greek in the world Separate mens' and boys' divisions for the eventsSeparate mens' and boys' divisions for the events Olympia: Temple to Hera Womens Roles? Can t compete personallyCan t compete personally Married women were also barred from attendingMarried women were also barred from attending Can sponsor a chariot or horse to winCan sponsor a chariot or horse to win The 2004 Olympics Prizes Victor received a crown made from olive leavesVictor received a crown made from olive leaves Entitled to have a statue of himself set up at OlympiaEntitled to have a statue of himself set up at Olympia Brought fame and reputation of his community in the Greek worldBrought fame and reputation of his community in the Greek world Boxing Boxers fought without rounds until one man was knocked outBoxers fought without rounds until one man was knocked out No rule against hitting an opponent when he was downNo rule against hitting an opponent when he was down No gloves, just wrapped handsNo gloves, just wrapped hands Chariot and Horse Racing 2 or 4 horses carried chariot around 12 times2 or 4 horses carried chariot around 12 times 6 laps around track for horse racing6 laps around track for horse racing Pankration Combination of boxing and wrestlingCombination of boxing and wrestling Punches allowedPunches allowed No biting and gouging an opponent's eyes, nose, or mouth with fingernailsNo biting and gouging an opponent's eyes, nose, or mouth with fingernails Pentathlon DiscusDiscus JavelinJavelin Long jumpLong jump RunningRunning WrestlingWrestling Beginnings and Ending Very little evidence shows exact date of startVery little evidence shows exact date of start Thought around 9th century BCThought around 9th century BC Emperor Theodosius I abolished the games in 393 A.DEmperor Theodosius I abolished the games in 393 A.D Greek & Roman Gods Peloponnesian War (431BC) War between Greece and SpartaWar between Greece and Sparta Athens had better navyAthens had better navy Sparta had better armySparta had better army Sparta Wins Plague kills 2/3 of AthensPlague kills 2/3 of Athens SpartaSparta Burns Athens food supply Destroys Athens navy The End..? Consequences of the Peloponnesian War Makes Greece as a whole weak, and allows Alexander the Great to take over!Makes Greece as a whole weak, and allows Alexander the Great to take over!