political participation
DESCRIPTION
kuliah bu ratihTRANSCRIPT
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POLITICAL PARTICIPATIONRATIH HERNINGTYAS, S.IP, MA
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What is political Participation?
“ [political participation] is an activity that has the intent of effect of influencing government action – either directly by affecting the making or implementation of public policy or indirectly by influencing the selection of people who make those policies.”
(In the research, “Voice and equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics,” Verba, S., Schlozman, K.L, & Brady H.E.(1995) )
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Political Participation
Political Participation is when a citizen engage in activities, with the ultimate goal to change the government, such as:
Voting
Contacting Political Officials
Volunteering for a Campaign
Participating in a Riot
Also, non-electoral political activity lobbying public relations litigation
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Political Participation
Voting in Election
Campaign Activity
Community Activity
Contacting Officials
Protesting
Running for Public Office
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How do people participate?
According to a University of Michigan study based on the 2000 election, Americans reported that
82% watched the campaign on television
73% voted in the election
34% tried to influence others how to vote
10% put a sticker on their car or wore a button
9% gave money to help a campaign
5% attended a political meeting
3% worked for a party or candidate
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VOTING IN ELECTIONS
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COMMUNITY ACTIVIY
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CAMPAIGN ACTIVITY
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PROTESTING
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RUNNING FOR PUBLIC OFFICE
www.hillaryclinton.com
www.barackobama.com
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Expansion of Voting Rights
In colonial America, only White men who owned land or a substantial amount of wealth, over the age of 21, were allowed to vote.
After the Civil War, the 15th Amendment was to grant voting rights to Blacks, but Southern states employed many tactics to disenfranchise African Americans.
Poll taxes Literacy test Grandfather Clauses
The 19th Amendment, enacted on August 26, 1920, voting rights were extended to women, nationally.
In 1971, national voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 years old.
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Forces that Influenced the Expansion of Voting Rights
The evolution of voting rights has been shaped by enormous conflicts involving questions of race, gender, religious identity, and age.
Abolitionist movements Women’s suffrage movements Civil rights movements
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Class, Inequality, and Participation
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Voting Rights: TODAY
Individual states have very little or no power to regulate suffrage.
All U.S. native-born or naturalized citizens have the right to vote.
Convicted felons lose their right to vote, while and sometimes after being incarcerated.
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