Political Parties and

Election Systems

Presented by:RA J A A B U M A N S H U R

M AT R I D I810083

ARVIN A/L POOBALAN812442

NURIZYAN BINTI SAMSUDIN812475

POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION GMGG 5124

SRI LEDANG ROOM, MARCH 24, 2013

1

Party Functions2

Type of Political Parties3

Electoral Systems4

Outlines Political Parties and

Electoral Systems

Political Parties

5

Example in Southeast Asia Countries

Categories of Electoral Systems

6SRI LEDANG, MARCH 24, 2013

Political Parties

• Politics is about the social excercise of power, rather than just the state• The process through which group make decisions. (Tansey and Jackson, 2008)

• A party is any political group identified by an official label that present at elections, and is capable of placing through election (free or non free), candidates for public office. (Sartori, in Hellmann, 2011)

• A party as a team of politicians whose paramount goal is to win electoral office. (Bawn. Et. al, 2012)

• The party is primarily a vehicle to participate in public election. (Hellmann, 2011)

• Parties as (1) having “their primary goal the conquest of power or share in its exercise” and (2) drawing “their support from a broad base” in contact to pressure groups, which “represent a limited number with a particular or private interests. ( Duverger’s, 1972)

• An organization that articulates its stance on large number of policy positions and runs candidates for political office. (Lowell Barrington, 2013)

Party

Politics

Political Parties

Organizing the election

Facilitating voter choice

Recruiting candidates

Screening candidates

Organizing a complex government

Aggregating interest

Educating citizens

Ensuring accountability

Promoting civic performance

Mic

hael

P. F

ix, 2

009.

Party Functions

The One Party or No Party Systems• A party system in which one political party controls the government and

voters have no option to choose an opposition party.One-Party Dominant Systems• A party system in which one large party direct the political system, but

small parties exist and may compete in election.The Two-Party Systems• A party system in which two main parties compete for majority control of

the government; small parties exist but play no role in national electoral outcomes

Two and a half party systems• A party system in which to large parties exist alongside a third party that

recieves a smaller but notable share of the national voteMulti-Party Systems• A party system with several important political parties, none of which

generally gains majority of the seats in the national legislature.All Party Systems• A party system in which every party will get a power-sharing based on the

achievement of results. Emerson,2012.Barrington.,2013.

Type of Political Parties

Michael Gallagher & Paul Mitchell, 2008

Electoral system

• The set of rules that structure how votes are cast at elections for a representative assembly and how these votes are then converted into seats in that assembly

• E.g. Ease of access to the ballot for would-be candidates, the right vote, the fairness of the administration of the election, the transparency of the counting of the votes.

Broad Category Specific Types

Single-Member Constituency System

Single-Member Plurality (SMP)Alternative vote (AV)Two-Round system (2SR)

Mixed System Mixed CompensatoryMixed paralel

Closed-List System -

Preferential List System Open ListFlexible List

PR-STV -

Categories of Electoral system

Michael Gallagher & Paul Mitchell, 2008

The Sultan is elected by hereditary state rulers

The Prime Minister is designated by parliament

The Senate: 44 members are appointed

by the monarch

The House of Representatives: 222 members are elected by

plurality vote

The President is elected by plurality voteThe Prime Minister is appointed by the PresidentThe Parliament: 9 members are elected by plurality vote75 members are elected through a group representation constituency 9 members are nominated by the President 9 members are appointed from a national compensatory list

EXAMPLE

M A L A Y S I A S I N G A P O R E

Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS) 2012.

Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS),2011.

The President is elected by absolute majority

The Regional Representative Council:132 members are elected by single non transferable vote

The House of Representatives:560 members are elected by open list proportional representation

The King is the hereditary head of stateThe Prime Minister is appointed by the monarchThe Senate:74 members are appointed and 76 members are elected by single non-transferable vote.The House of Representatives: 375 members are elected by plurality vote125 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation

CONTINUE

I N D O N E S I A T H A I L A N D

Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS), 2010.

Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS), 2011

C O G N I T I V E A P P R O A C HT Y P E O F

E L E C T I O NS Y S T E M

MALAYSIA PLURALITY VOTING

SINGAPORE PLURALITY VOTING

INDONESIAPROPOTIONAL

VOTING (OPEN-List)

PROPOTIONAL VOTING

(CLOSED-list)THAILAND

Thank you

P O L I T I C A L A N D A D M I N I S T R A T I O N ( G M G G 5 1 2 4 ) :

POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION SYSTEM