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Page 1: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES

Page 2: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

How do U.S. political parties How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties?differ from European parties?European voters are more loyalEuropean voters are more loyal

Federal system decentralizes powerFederal system decentralizes power

Parties regulated by state & federal lawsParties regulated by state & federal laws

Candidates are not chosen by party Candidates are not chosen by party leadersleaders

AlsoAlso– Unimportant in life – Americans do not join or Unimportant in life – Americans do not join or

pay duespay dues

Page 3: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

The first political partiesThe first political parties

Founders disliked parties ( factions)Founders disliked parties ( factions)

Democratic- Republicans & FederalistsDemocratic- Republicans & Federalists– Begin with differing views of the constitution Begin with differing views of the constitution

and political notablesand political notables

Page 4: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties
Page 5: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Figure 7.3: Cleavages and Continuity in the Figure 7.3: Cleavages and Continuity in the Two-Party System (cont’d)Two-Party System (cont’d)

Page 6: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

3. Discuss the reason for party decline3. Discuss the reason for party decline

Party loyalty has declinedParty loyalty has declined

Split-ticket voting*Split-ticket voting*

Increase in IndependentsIncrease in Independents

No longer sources of political No longer sources of political informationinformation

Page 7: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification, Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification,

1952-2000:1952-2000:

Source: National Election Studies, The Source: National Election Studies, The NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.

Page 8: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Roles of Minor PartiesRoles of Minor Parties

Critics Critics

““Spoilers”Spoilers”

Ideas are often borrowed by Ideas are often borrowed by major partiesmajor parties

Page 9: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Types of Minor PartiesTypes of Minor Parties

1. Ideological parties – comprehensive 1. Ideological parties – comprehensive view of social, economic, and political view of social, economic, and political matters. Ex. – Libertarian & Socialist partymatters. Ex. – Libertarian & Socialist party

2. Single-issue party – concentrate on 2. Single-issue party – concentrate on one public-policy issue. Ex. – Right to Life one public-policy issue. Ex. – Right to Life PartyParty

Page 10: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

3. Economic protest – Economic 3. Economic protest – Economic discontent Ex. – Populistdiscontent Ex. – Populist

4. Splinter parties – a party that has split 4. Splinter parties – a party that has split away from one of the major parties. Ex. – away from one of the major parties. Ex. – “Bull Moose” and American Independent“Bull Moose” and American Independent

Page 11: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Fundamental GoalFundamental Goal

To win electionsTo win elections

Why?Why?

To control governmentTo control government

Page 12: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

DO THE PARTIES DIFFER?DO THE PARTIES DIFFER?

Democrats & RepublicansDemocrats & RepublicansDemocrats – Women, Union workers, Democrats – Women, Union workers, teachers, urban, African-American & teachers, urban, African-American & other minorities, Catholic & Jewsother minorities, Catholic & JewsIssues – Pro-choice, gov’t regulations Issues – Pro-choice, gov’t regulations on businesses and support social on businesses and support social welfare programswelfare programs

Page 13: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Republicans- white males, business Republicans- white males, business community, rural, Protestantscommunity, rural, Protestants

Issues – pro-life, lower taxes, and Issues – pro-life, lower taxes, and favor private market forces in the favor private market forces in the economyeconomy

Page 14: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

What factors tend to influence What factors tend to influence ones choice in political ones choice in political parties?parties?

Page 15: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

FamilyFamily

Major eventsMajor events

Economic statusEconomic status

Other Other

Page 16: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties
Page 17: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Table 7.2: Table 7.2: The Rise of Republican Politics in the The Rise of Republican Politics in the

South, 1956-2002South, 1956-2002

Page 18: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Table 7.3: Party Voting in Presidential Table 7.3: Party Voting in Presidential ElectionsElections

Page 19: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Critical ElectionsCritical Elections

Sharp and lasting shift in coalitionsSharp and lasting shift in coalitions

Major defeat of a party, and a new one Major defeat of a party, and a new one taking its placetaking its place

New issueNew issue

Page 20: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

TWO-PARTY SYSTEMTWO-PARTY SYSTEM

RARE IN THE WORLDRARE IN THE WORLDU.S. SYSTEM - WHY?U.S. SYSTEM - WHY?HistoricalHistoricalThe force of TraditionThe force of TraditionBasic consensus on fundamental Basic consensus on fundamental mattersmattersElectoral system –Winner-take-allElectoral system –Winner-take-all

Page 21: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Map 7.1: The Election of 1828

Page 22: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Map 7.2: The Election of 1860Map 7.2: The Election of 1860

Page 23: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Map 7.3: The Election of 1896

Page 24: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Map 7.4: The Election of 1932

Page 25: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Table 7.4: Table 7.4: The Public The Public Rates the Rates the

Two PartiesTwo Parties

Page 26: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Table 7.5: How Party Delegates and Party Voters Table 7.5: How Party Delegates and Party Voters Differ in Liberal IdeologyDiffer in Liberal Ideology

Page 27: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and VotersVoters

Page 28: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

JournalJournal

Does a difference exist between the Does a difference exist between the Democratic and Republican parties? Democratic and Republican parties? Consider how the voters and candidates Consider how the voters and candidates differ on the issues.differ on the issues.

Page 29: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Two-Party System in Two-Party System in American HistoryAmerican History

Three Eras of single-party dominationThree Eras of single-party domination

Page 30: POLITICAL PARTIES. How do U.S. political parties differ from European parties? European voters are more loyal Federal system decentralizes power Parties

Era of Democrats 1800-1860Era of Democrats 1800-1860

Era of Republicans 1860-1932Era of Republicans 1860-1932

Era of Democrats 1932-1968Era of Democrats 1932-1968

Era of Divided Gov’tEra of Divided Gov’t


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