political party: no party designation term: 1789-1797 president number: #1 george washington ...
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POLITICAL PARTY: NO PARTY DESIGNATION
TERM: 1789-1797
PRESIDENT NUMBER: #1
GEORGE WASHINGTON
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=george+washington&hl=en&biw=1680&bih=959&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=SxPU_s6N-BqoeM:&imgrefurl=http://www.pissedonpolitics.com/%3Fp%3D2393&docid=YpgyXEZ1Lvk5SM&imgurl=http://www.pissedonpolitics.com/George-Washington.jpg&w=450&h=569&ei=J3-bTqbXPOPm0QGtrKXVBA&zoom=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington
General Information
Vice President: John Adams (1789-1797 )Cabinet members (all 1789-1797):
Henry Knox as Secretary of War John Jay as Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State Edmund Randolph as Attorney General
States Admitted into Union North Carolina: Nov. 21, 1789 Rhode Island: May 29, 1790 Vermont: March 4, 1791 Kentucky: June 1,1792 Tennessee: June 1, 1796
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/John%20Adams,%20Asher%20B.%20Durand-500.jpg
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/states/a/state_admission.htm
http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/section8.rhtml
John Adams
1st Term (1789-1792)
George WashingtonUnanimously voted to be
presidentElectoral college: 69 votes
Promised to uphold the Constitution of the US
Said that he would preserve the "sacred fire of liberty”
No popular vote until 1824No party designation
John AdamsElectoral college: 34
votes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1789.svg
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg. A58
http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/section8.rhtml
2nd Term (1792-1797)
George WashingtonUnanimously voted to be
presidentElectoral vote: 132
Originally wanted to retire after his first presidential term
Decided to run again to try to halt the rise of political parties
No popular vote until 1824No party designation
John AdamsElectoral vote:77
George ClintonElectoral vote: 50
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1792.svgThe American Pageant 12th Edition pg. A58
http://www.presidentelect.org/e1792.html
George Washington – First President (1789)
George Washington becomes the first president of the United States
He was unanimously votedThe first inauguration took place on April 30, 1789Sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert LivingstonThe inaugural ceremony took place on the balcony
of Federal Hall in New York City, then the first US Capitol and the first site where the 1st United States Congress met
Impact: George Washington leads the nation as the first president and becomes a role model for others to follow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington
Judiciary Act of 1789
Established a federal court systemThe judicial branch composed of a Supreme CourtCourt composed of one Chief Justice
and five Associate JusticesImpact: created 13 judicial districts
within 11 states that had then ratified the Constitution. The courts are also instruments of democratic government, binding a diverse nation together.
http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/democrac/8.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789
http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/1800/ELT200711111159239058643.JPG
North Carolina admitted to Union (1789)
In 1653, some Virginians settled in what would become North Carolina
In 1663, King Charles II issued a royal charter to eight nobles to settle the area south of Virginia. They created Carolina and included the previous settlement
Due to internal problems, crown took over colony and formed North and South Carolina out of it in 1729
Impact: growing class of planters, would join the Confederate States of America
http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/colonialamerica/p/ncarolinacolony.htm
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_North_Carolina_highlighting_Franklin_County.svg/800px-Map_of_North_Carolina_highlighting_Franklin_County.svg.png
Samuel Slater – first American factory (1790)
“The Father of the Factory System”given credit for building the first
successful water-powered cotton millstyle of factory construction and
workforce management set the pattern for industrial development throughout New England
Impact: represented a tremendous step forward for industry in the United States, which had been struggling to catch up to Great Britain in technological advancement
http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/eueh_02/eueh_02_00827.html
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/sia/31.1/images/malone_fig07b.jpg
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg 300
Alexander Hamilton’s financial program (1790)
From the revolution, the federal government had a huge debt: $54 million including interest. The states owed another $25 million
Hamilton proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states
Plan was to borrow new money at lower interest rate For southern votes, Hamilton promised to support
locating the national capital on the banks of the Potomac River, the border between two southern states, Virginia and Maryland
He was very successful
Impact: he made the United States attractive to foreign investors http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID
=6
http://www.wpclipart.com/money/money_bags/money_bag_green.png.html
Republican Motherhood (1790)
Women who ran households in the absence of men became more assertive
If the republic were to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children
The first American female academies were founded in the 1790s
Education and respect would lead to the emergence of a powerful, outspoken middle class of women
Impact: Women were becoming more important in society http://www.ushistory.org/us/12d.asp
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/The_artist_and_his_family_james_peale.jpg
Rhode Island admitted into Union (1790)
Known for its fierce independenceWas last to ratify US ConstitutionRoger Williams banished to England by
Massachusetts Bay Colony for beliefs in separation of church and state
He fled and formed Providence in 1636.Anne Hutchinson also banished for speaking
out against the Church in Massachusetts Bay She formed Portsmouth. All settlements joined together with
permission from England to form Providence Plantations – later called Rhode Island
Impact: first to guarantee all its citizens freedom of worship http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/colonialamerica/p
/rhodecolony.htm
http://www.rhodeislandsexoffenders.net/images/maps/rhode_island-2.png
First Bank of the US (1791)
Modeled after the Bank of Englandcollect taxes, hold government funds,
make loansHamilton argued that Congress had
power to create a bank – Constitution granted federal government authority to do anything "necessary and proper" to carry out constitutional functions (in this case fiscal duties)
In 1791, Congress passed a bill creating a national bank for a term of 20 years
Impact: A national bank was created and led to future banks
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=6
http://gulfofmexicooilspillblog.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/history_girard_national_bank.jpg
Bill of Rights (1791)
First ten amendments to the Constitution, which limit the power of the U.S. federal government
serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property freedom of religion free speech free press free assembly free association right to keep and bear arms
Came into effect December 15, 1791 through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States
Impact: plays a key role in American law and government, and remains a vital symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/billofrightsintro.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights
http://www.redstaplerchronicles.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/bill.gif
George Washington – Second Term (1793)
Took place in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia on March 4, 1973
The President gave the shortest inaugural address ever given
Address was one of the few ever given before the oath was taken
Unanimously voted for a second timeImpact: George Washington starts the tradition of
presidents serving for two terms because any longer would give a man too much power, as he said
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington
Cotton Gin (1793)
Eli Whitney - inventor and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton
automated the seed separation process
generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states
Manufactured as many cotton gins as possible and installed them throughout Georgia and the southern states
Impact: revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States
http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/cotton_gin.htm
http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/21900/21971/cotton_gin_21971_lg.gif
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
Designed to keep America out of further warsStated that the US would:
not offer protection to Americans who violated neutrality laws prosecute anyone within its jurisdiction who violated international
law with respect to neutralityMany supported the French cause because they
considered the French resistance to be similar to their own fight during the Revolutionary War. Others were on England's side.
Washington believed that if they got involved in the European war, it could mean destruction to the States through division or bringing the war to America
Impact: kept the US from war with Englandhttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h453.html
http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/proclamation-of-neutrality-by-george-washington-april-22-1793.html
Citizen Genet Affair (1793)
Edmond-Charles Genêt - French Ambassador to the US during French Revolution
was dispatched to the US to promote American support for France's wars with Spain and Britain
Instead of traveling to Philadelphia to present himself to George Washington for accreditation, he stayed in South Carolina
goals in South Carolina were to recruit and arm American privateers who would join French expeditions against the British
commissioned four privateering ships and raised a militia
He endangered American neutrality in the war between France and Britain
Impact: His activities violated an American proclamation of neutrality in the European conflict and greatly embarrassed France’s supporters in the US
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118798/Citizen-Genet-Affairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond-Charles_Gen%C3%AAt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edmond-Charles_Gen%C3%AAt.png
Fugitive Slave Law of 1973
Guaranteed right of a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave
Slave hunters were allowed to capture an escapee in any territory or state and were required only to confirm orally before a state or federal judge that the person was a runaway
Impact: Fugitive Slave Act was inconsistently enforced and provoked ill feeling between north and south states
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h480.html
http://www.libraries.wvu.edu/delany/freeman.gif
Jay Treaty With England (1794-95)
The withdrawal of British soldiers from posts in the American West
A commission established to settle border issues between the U.S. and Canada resolve American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist
losses during the War of IndependenceWashington was still a widely admired man, but he came under sharp attack during this time Jay resigned from the Supreme CourtImpact: significant because of the tremendous uproar it caused
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h455.html
http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/4754/ELT200802010112056404664.PNG
Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
A tax protestFarmers who sold their corn in the
form of whiskey had to pay a tax which was a part of Hamilton's program to pay off national debt
Tariff eliminated any profit by the farmers from the sale of an important cash crop
About 20 men were arrested, but all were later acquitted or pardoned
Impact: demonstrated that the new national government had the willingness and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws
http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/whiskey/
http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_Vol_II/whiskeyre_if.html
http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/presidents/Lesson_Plans/Washington_Lesson_Plans/Political_Cartoon_LP/Cartoon_4_Whiskey_Rebellion.JPG
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1974)
Final battle of the Northwest Indian War struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated
with the Western Confederacy and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory
U.S. forces used their superior numbers and arms to advantage
The battle was a decisive victory for the United States
United States led by General Anthony Wayne over a confederacy of native Americans led by Miami Chief Little Turtle opened the Northwest Territory for white settlement
Impact: ended major hostilities in the region until Tecumseh's War and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.
http://www.fallentimbersbattlefield.com/about.asp
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1015.html
http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDo-ZT3gMeV8C2eS3SW-HYxJnZwy0-bz5maZvEbSsH9A7i1WGyA09TFQ_X
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
Former contending forces gathered at Greenville (today in western Ohio) to sign peace agreement
Terms of the Treaty of Greenville included: The tribes agreed to surrender their claims to lands in the southeastern portion
of the Northwest Territory The tribes gave up additional defined areas that were used by the whites as
portages and fort locations. This category included Fort Detroit and the site of the future town of Chicago on Lake Michigan
The United States government agreed to make an immediate payment of to $20,000 in goods to the tribes, as well as annual payments of $9,500 in goods to be divided among specified tribes
The tribes retained the right to hunt throughout the area. The Native Americans abided by the terms of the treaty American settlers did not. New white settlements outside of the
treaty area were established almost immediately Impact: Resistance would emerge in the early years of the next
century in lands slightly farther westhttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1016.html
Naturalization Act 1795
Repealed and replaced the Naturalization Act of 1790During the 1790's, many in U.S. were concerned with the
growth in number of political refugeesCongress on January 29, 1795 modified the Act of 1790The 1795 Act differed from the 1790 Act by increasing
the period of required residence from two to five years in the United States
Introduced the Declaration of Intention requirement, which created a two-step naturalization process
Conferred the status of citizen and not natural born citizen
Impact: people lived in the United States longer if they wanted to become a citizen
http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/naturalization/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795
Pinckney Treaty With Spain (1795)
Thomas Pinckney, U.S. minister to Britain, was dispatched to Spain and won two highly wanted concessions: Spain recognized U.S. borders at the
Mississippi and the 31st parallel (the northern border of Florida, a Spanish possession)
Spain granted Americans the right to deposit goods for transshipment at New Orleans
Spain granted these to the United States, not from fear of America's military might, but from concern over major power diplomatic realities
Impact: treaty allowed the U.S. to gain access to the area now known as the states of Mississippi and Alabama
http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/sanlorenzo/
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h454.html
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Thomas_Pinckney.jpg
Washington’s Farewell Address
Was later named a "Farewell Address" valedictory after 45 years of service to the
new republic, first during the French and Indian War, through the American Revolution, and finally as the nation's first president
Warning against the rise of political parties and sectionalism as a threat to national unity
Foreign affairs – Washington called for America "to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell.html
Washington’s Farewell Address
Warns the people to question the motives of any person or group of people who argue that the land within the borders of the United States is too large to be ruled as a republic
Strong warnings on the dangers of sectionalism, arguing that the true motives of a sectionalist are to create distrust or rivalries between regions and people to gain power and take control of the government
Washington argues that political parties must be restrained in a popularly elected government because of: their tendency to distract the government from their duties create unfounded jealousies among groups and regions raise false alarms amongst the people promote riots and insurrection provide foreign nations and interests access to the government where they
can impose their will upon the countryhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address
Quotes
PRAISE “It wasn’t his generalship
that made him stand out . . . It was the way he attended to and stuck by his men. His soldiers knew that he respected and cared for them, and that he would share their severe hardships.” –Richard Neustadt
“America Needs a Leader Like George Washington”—John Ridpath
CRITICISM“Washington's
intellect, was not of the very first order.”—Thomas Jefferson
“Washington was guilty of nepotism, wasting public funds, coveting a monarchy and needlessly seeking war against France.”—Benjamin Bache
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h459.html
http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/travpres/gws3.htm
http://ariwatch.com/GeorgeWashington.htm
http://www.michaelleestallard.com/george-washington-worthy-of-praise-2
Impact and Legacy
Became known as the “Father of Our Country”Was the first presidentWas a role model for future presidentsWas a leader for the country as well as for the army His choice to not take a third term contributed
powerfully to establishing a two term tradition for American presidents
His firm leadership gave a credibility to the new federal government that assured its survivability
His administration's fiscal policies brought sorely needed economic stability
His leadership kept the country safely removed from involvement in the Anglo-French conflicts of the 1790s
http://gardenofpraise.com/ibdwash.htm
The American Pageant 12th Edition pg 201
http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/travpres/gws3.htm
PERIOD 7
DUE: OCTOBER 18, 2011
BY: SARAH PARK