political science 7900 seminar in american politics spring ...lawless, jennifer l., and richard l....

Political Science 7900 Seminar in American Politics

Spring 2010 Robert Hogan 238 Stubbs Hall Class: 210 Stubbs, Tuesdays 1:00-4:00 Telephone: 578-3217; e-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Thurs. 12:30 to 2:30 or by appt. Course Description This course is designed to introduce graduate students to some of the major theoretical and methodological approaches in the study of American politics. Because our goal is to obtain a sense of varied perspectives within different sub-fields, the readings are highly selective and should not be viewed as a comprehensive list of the most important literature in each area. However, the material covered will provide a foundation of knowledge upon which students can build through other courses in the field. To the extent that the course has an overarching theme, it is to assess the U.S. brand of representative democracy. Much is made of how our government is one “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” A key question is whether the institutions and processes of politics and government live up to this ideal. Do citizens actually have much power? What conditions facilitate or impede the exercise of this power? How open and accessible is the political system for average citizens relative to elite groups in society? Ultimately, do the policies of government reflect the interests of its citizens? Course Requirements Grades for the course are based on a student‟s performance in four areas:

Class Participation / Weekly Assignments 25% Article and Book Summaries (2 @ 5% each) 10% Research Design 30% Final Examination 35%

TOTAL 100%

Class Participation A large portion of the final course grade is determined by seminar participation. It is therefore imperative that students complete the assigned readings and take time to reflect upon them in a critical manner prior to class. Participation grades are determined by the quality of informed commentary contributed during our discussions. Weekly Assignments Students will be expected to submit a one-page paper at 8 different times over the course of the semester. The paper should be divided into three sections that address the following questions: (1) What are the major theoretical questions posed in the week‟s readings and why are these questions important? (2) What are some of the major theoretical findings from this week‟s readings? (3) Given these findings, what important questions remain to be addressed and how might scholars go about answering them? This last section is very important and I am expecting to see specific suggestions for future research and how such research might enhance our theoretical understanding of the topic. Please note: This one page assignment should not be longer than one page (assuming single spacing, 10-point font, and 1-inch margins). These assignments are due to me via e-mail (or in my box in the department office) by 9:00 a.m. on class day. Note that students writing on an “Extra Reading Option” should not also write a weekly assignment for that week. These assignments will count toward your participation grade. Article and Book Summaries On the schedule there are several groups of readings with the label, “Extra Reading Option”. In consultation with the instructor, students may sign up in advance to complete summaries of these readings. Each student is expected to complete two sets of these over the course of the semester. These summaries should be no more than 1½ single-spaced pages per article and no more than 4 pages for each book (assuming single spacing, 10-point font, and 1-inch margins). Each summary should contain sections indicating the question, theoretical context, data and methods, findings, authors‟ conclusions, and your own comments. The section for your own comments is a very important part because here I want

mailto:[email protected]

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you to indicate how the research relates to other findings/themes of the week‟s readings that everyone completed. One copy of the completed summaries should be provided to me (via e-mail or in my box in the department office) by 9:00 a.m. on class day. In addition, copies should be distributed to fellow students at the beginning of class. At an appropriate point in the seminar discussion, the student responsible for the extra articles will be asked to provide a brief (6-8 minute) presentation of these readings and how they relate to the material completed by the rest of the class. Research Design A 20-25 page research design is required of all students. The paper should review and interpret relevant literature and propose a research project that could be undertaken with the limited financial resources that are typically available to most graduate students. The paper should contain the following elements: a literature review with an explanation of the contribution your project intends to make, a significant question or set of hypotheses related to a topic in American politics, and a practical research design that details the methods (data and analysis) to be used in assessing your research question. Students should begin work on this project soon after the semester is underway and consult frequently with the instructor about topics, relevant literature, and research methods. The final version of the paper (hard copy) is due on Friday May 7 by 4:00 p.m., however, other parts of the project are due at various points throughout the semester and count as 20% of the total research project grade. Further details concerning this project will be provided in a separate handout. Final Examination The final exam is a comprehensive exam that allows students to bring together the material covered in the course. It is a take-home, open-book exam and you may take as much time as you need to complete it. The only requirement is that you do not consult anyone once the exam has been distributed. The completed exam (hard copy) is due on Friday May 14th by 4:00 p.m. Reading Materials The books listed below are available for purchase from various bookstores on and around campus:

Arnold, R. Douglas. 2004. Congress, the Press, and Political Accountability, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Bishin, Benjamin G. 2009. Tyranny of the Minority: The Subconstituency Politics Theory of Representation, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Berkman, Michael B., and Eric Plutzer. 2005. Ten Thousand Democracies: Politics and Public Opinion in America’s School Districts, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Canes-Wrone, Brandice. 2005. Who Leads Whom? Presidents, Policy, and the Public, Chicago: The University of Chicago.

Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2005. It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don’t Run for Office, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

All of the articles that are required readings are available electronically though the LSU Libraries main page under the heading “ejournals”. There you type in the title of the journal (e.g., Journal of Politics, Legislative Studies Quarterly, etc.) and from that point options are provided for retrieving the electronic version of the article (e.g., JSTOR). I strongly encourage you to print the articles and bring them to class. Very often we will reference particular aspects of the articles (especially the tables) and it is important to have a copy of the article in front of you. Note that only the articles indicated with a solid bullet point (●) are required reading for each week. The hollow bullet points (○) denote additional reading in each topic area that are recommended Students in need of a brief re-introduction to statistical methods are encouraged to read relevant sections of Political Science Research Methods (4th edition by Johnson, Joslyn, and Reynolds, 2001, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly). Chapters 11-13 of this book are particularly instructive and are available on Moodle. Finally, students who need a refresher course on the basics of American politics may want to consult an introductory American politics text as well as review fundamental documents such as The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution (with Amendments), and the Federalist Papers.

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General Policies Plagiarism is a serious offense. Use of another‟s words, ideas, or data without giving proper credit will not be tolerated. Care should be made to properly cite sources where appropriate. If you have questions about what constitutes plagiarism, please consult me. I reserve the right to investigate when I suspect that you are not doing your own work. All violations of this policy are turned over to the Dean of Students for adjudication. Due dates for assignments are indicated on the syllabus and research project handout. Penalties for handing in work late will be assessed based upon the circumstances, but will generally involve a loss of points. In others words, be certain that I receive your written work when it is due. If circumstances arise that prevent you from meeting a deadline, please let me know as soon as possible. For students who have special needs or require accommodations through Disability Services, please advise me of your situation so arrangements can be made.

Course Schedule January 19 Introduction to the Course January 26 Political Attitudes and Opinions

Hibbing, John R., and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse. 2001. “Process Preferences and American Politics: What the People Want Government to Be,” American Political Science Review 95: 145-53.

Keele, Luke. 2007. “Social Capital and the Dynamics of Trust in Government,” American Journal of Political Science 51: 241-54.

Page, Benjamine I., Robert Y. Shapiro, and Glenn R. Dempsey. 1987. “What Moves Public Opinion,” American Political Science Review 81: 23-43.

Mutz, Diana C., and Byron Reeves. 2005. “The New Videomalaise: Effects of Televised Incivility on Political Trust,” American Political Science Review 99: 1-15.

Smith, Mark A. 2002. “Ballot Initiatives and the Democratic Citizen,” Journal of Politics 64: 892-903.

Wright, Gerald C., Robert S. Erikson, and John P. McIver. 1987. “Public Opinion and Policy Liberalism in the American States,” American Journal of Political Science 31: 980-1001.

Extra Reading Option 1.1

Converse, Philip E. 1964. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics,” in Ideology and Discontent ed. David Apter, New York, NY: Free Press.

Hamill, Ruth R., Milton Lodge, and Frederick Blake. 1985. “The Breadth, Depth, and Utility of Class, Partisan, and Ideological Schemata,” American Journal of Political Science 29: 850-70.

Jacoby, William G. 1995. “The Structure of Ideological Thinking in the American Electorate,” American Journal of Political Science, 39: 314-35.


Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Extra Reading Option 1.3

Hetherington, Marc J. 2005. Why Trust Matters: Declining Political Trust and the Demise of American Liberalism, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

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Sullivan, John L., George E. Marcus, Stanley Feldman, and James E. Piereson. 1981. “The Sources of Political Tolerance: A Multivariate Analysis, American Political Science Review, 75: 92-106.

Bobo, Lawrence and Frederick C. Licari. 1989. “Education and Political Tolerance: Testing the Effects of Cognitive Sophistication and Target Group Affect,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 53: 285-308.

Gibson, James L. 1992. “The Political Consequences of Intolerance: Cultural Conformity and Political Freedom, American Journal of Political Science, 86: 338-356.


Citrin, Jack, Donald P. Green, Christopher Muste, and Cara Wong. 1997. Public Opinion Toward Immigration Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations, Journal of Politics, 59: 858-81.

Kuklinski, James H., Michael D. Cobb, and Martin Gilens. 1997. “Racial Attitudes and the „New South‟,” Journal of Politics, 59: 323-49.

Oliver, J. Eric, and Tali Mendelberg. 2000. “Reconsidering the Environmental Determinants of White Racial Attitudes,” American Journal of Political Science, 44: 574-589.


Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1983. “Effects of Public Opinion on Policy,” American Political Science Review, 77: 175-190.

Bartels, Larry M. 1991. “Constituency Opinion and Congressional Policy Making: The Reagan Defense Buildup,” American Political Science Review, 85:457-474.

Wlezien, Christopher. 1995. “The Public as Thermostat: Dynamics of Preferences for Spending,” American Journal of Political Science, 39: 981-1000.

Additional Reading

o Berelson, Bernard R., Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee. 1954. Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

o Campbell, Angus, Philip Converse, Warren Miller, and Donald Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.

o Nie, Norman H., John R. Petrocik, and Sidney Verba. 1976. The Changing American Voter, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

o Conover, Pamela Johnston, and Stanley Feldman. 1981. “The Origins and Meanings of Liberal-Conservative Self-Identifications,” American Journal of Political Science, 25: 617-45.

o McClosky, Herbert, and John Zaller. 1984. The American Ethos: Public Attitudes Toward Capitalism and Democracy, Cambridge, MA: A Twentieth Century Fund Report.

o Luskin, Robert C. 1987. “Measuring Political Sophistication,” American Journal of Political Science 31: 856-99. o Jennings, M. Kent, and Gregory B. Markus. 1988. “Political Involvement in the Later Years: A Longitudinal

Survey,” American Journal of Political Science, 32: 302-16. o Fitzpatrick, Jody L., and Rodney E. Hero. 1988. “Political Culture and Political Characteristics of the

American States: A Consideration of Some Old and New Questions,” Western Political Quarterly 41: 145-53. o Carmines, Edward, and James A. Stimson. 1989. Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics,

Princeton: Princeton University Press. o Beck, Paul Allen, and Kent M. Jennings. 1991. “Family Traditions, Political Periods, and the Development of

Partisan Orientations,” Journal of Politics, 53:742-63. o Niemi, Richard G., and M. Kent Jennings. 1991. “Issues and Inheritance in the Formation of Party

Identification,” American Journal of Political Science, 35: 970-88. o Page, Benjamine I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans’ Policy

Preferences, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. o Box-Steffensmeier, Janet, and Renee M. Smith. 1996. “The Dynamics of Aggregate Partisanship,” American

Political Science Review 90: 567-80. o Carpini, Michael X. Delli, and Scott Keeter. 1996. What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters, New

Haven: Yale University Press. o Hero, Rodney E., and Caroline J. Tolbert. 1996. “A Racial/Ethnic Diversity Interpretation of Politics and

Policy in the States of the U.S.,” American Journal of Political Science 40: 851-71. o Golebiowska, Ewa A. 1996. “„The Pictures in Our Heads‟ and Individual-Targeted Tolerance,” Journal of

Politics 58: 1010-34.

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o Sears, David O., and Nicholas A. Valentino. 1997. “Politics Matters: Political Events as Catalysts for Pre-adult Socialization,” American Political Science Review, 91: 45-65.

o Verba, Sidney, Nancy Burns, and Kay Schlozman. 1997. “Knowing and Caring About Politics: Gender and Political Engagement, Journal of Politics, 59: 1051-72.

o Kuklinski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, Jennifr Jerit, David Schwieder, and Robert F. Rich. 2000. “Misinformation and the Currency of Democratic Citizenship,” Journal of Politics 62: 790-816.

o Kuklinski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, Jennifer Jerit, and Robert F. Rich. 2001. “The Political Environment and Citizen Competence,” American Journal of Political Science 45: 410-24.

o Meffert, Michael F., Helmut Norpoth, and Anirudh V. S. Ruhil. 2001. “Realignment and Macropartisanship,” American Political Science Review 95: 953-62.

o Hibbing, John R., and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse. 2002. Stealth Democracy: Americans’ Beliefs about How Government Should Work, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

o Grant, J. Tobin, and Thomas J. Rudolph. 2003. “Value Conflict, Group Affect, and the Issue of Campaign Finance,” American Journal of Political Science 47: 453-69.

o Druckman, James N., and Kjersten R. Nelson. 2003. “Framing and Deliberation: How Citizens‟ Conversations Limit Elite Influence,” American Journal of Political Science 47: 729-45.

o Alford, John R., Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2005. “Are Political Orientations Genetically Transmitted?” American Political Science Review 99: 153-67.

o Lupia, Arthur, and Tasha S. Philpot. 2005. “Views from Inside the Net: How Websites Affect Young Adults‟ Political Interest, Journal of Politics 67: 1122-42.

o Johnson, Martin, Paul Brace, and Kevin Arceneaux. 2005. “Public Opinion and Dynamic Representation in the American States: The Case of Environmental Attitudes,” Social Science Quarterly 86: 87-108.

o Zukin, Cliff. 2006. A New Engagement? Political Participation, Civic Life, and the Changing American Citizen, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

o McCarty, Nolan, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal. 2006. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

o Jerit, Jennifer, Jason Barabas, and Toby Bolsen. 2006. “Citizens, Knowledge, and the Information Environment,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 266-82.

o Jacoby, William G. 2006. “Value Choices and American Public Opinion,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 706-23.

o Lau, Richard, and David Redlawsk. 2006. How Voters Decide: Information Processing During Election Campaigns, Cambridge University Press.

o White, Ismail K. 2007. “When Race Matters and When It Doesn‟t: Racial Group Differences in Response to Racial Cues,” American Political Science Review 101: 339-54.

o Brooks, Deborah Jordan, and John G. Geer. 2007. “Beyond Negativity: The Effects of Incivility on the Electorate,” American Journal of Political Science 51: 1-16.

February 2 Turnout and Participation

Abramson, Paul R., and John H. Aldrich. 1982. “The Decline of Electoral Participation in America,” American Political Science Review 76: 502-21.

McDonald, Michael P., and Samuel Popkin. 2001. “The Myth of the Vanishing Voter,” American Political Science Reivew 95: 963-74.

Timpone, Richard J. 1998. “Structure, Behavior, and Voter Turnout in the United States,” American Political Science Review 92: 145-158.

Gerber, Alan S., and Donald P. Green. 2000. “The Effects of Nonpartisan Get-Out-The Vote Drive: An Experimental Study of Leafletting,” Journal of Politics 62: 846-57.

Huckfeldt and Sprague. 1992. “Political Parties and Electoral Mobilization: Political Structure, Social Structure, and the Party Canvass,” American Political Science Review 86: 70-86.

Barreto, Matt A., Gary M. Segura, and Nathan D. Woods. 2004. “The Moblizing Effect of Majority-Minority Districts on Latino Turnout,” American Political Science Review 98: 65-75.

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Hajnal, Zoltan, and Jesssica L. Trounstine. 2005. “Where Turnout Matters: The Consequences of Uneven Turnout in City Politics,” Journal of Politics 67: 515-35.


Patterson, Samuel C. and Gregory A. Caldeira. 1983. “Getting Out the Vote: Participation in Gubernatorial Elections,” American Political Science Review, 77: 675-89.

Cox, Gary W. and Michael C. Munger. 1989. “Closeness, Expenditures, and Turnout in the 1982 U.S. House Elections,” American Political Science Review, 83: 217-30.

Jackson, Robert A. 1997. “The Mobilization of U.S. State Electorates in the 1988 and 1990 Elections,” Journal of Politics, 59: 520-537.


Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America, New York: Macmillan Publishing.


Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.


Hill, Kim Quaile and Jan E. Leighley. 1993. “Party Ideology, Organization, and Competitiveness as Mobilizing Forces in Gubernatorial Elections,” American Journal of Politic Science, 37: 1158-78.

Wielhouwer, Peter W., and Brad Lockerbie. 1994. “Party Contacting and Political Participation, 1952-1990,” American Journal of Political Science, 38: 211-29.

Leighley, Jan E., and Jonathan Nagler. 1992. “Individual and Systemic Influences on Turnout: Who Votes? 1984,” Journal of Politics, 54: 718-40.

Additional Reading

o Verba, Sidney, and Norman H. Nie. 1973. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality, New York: Harper and Row.

o Kim, Jae-On, John R. Petrocik, and Stephen N. Enokson. 1975. “Voter Turnout Among the Individual States: Systematic and Individual Components,” American Political Science Review 69: 107-23.

o Rosenstone, Steven J., and Raymond Wolfinger. 1978. “The Effect of Registration Laws on Voter Turnout,” American Political Science Review 72: 22-45.

o Wolfinger, Raymond E., and Stephen J. Rosenstone. 1980. Who Votes? New Haven: Yale University Press. o Powell, G. Bingham. 1986. “American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective,” American Political Science

Review 80: 17-43. o Bobo, Lawrence, and Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr. 1990. “Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black

Empowerment,” American Political Science Review, 84: 377-393. o Gerber, Alan S., and Donald P. Green. 2000. “The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail

on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment,” American Political Science Review 94: 653-63. o Smith, Mark A. 2001. “The Contingent Effects of Ballot Initiatives and Candidate Races on Turnout,”

American Journal of Political Science, 45: 700-706. o Jackson, Robert A. 2002. “Gubernatorial and Senatorial Campaign Mobilization of Voters,” Political Research

Quarterly 55: 825-844. o McDonald, Michael P. 2002. “The Turnout Rate Among Eligible Voters for U.S. States, 1980-2000,” State

Politics and Policy Quarterly 2: 199-212. o Francia, Peter L., and Paul S. Herrnson. 2004. “The Synergistic Effect of Campaign Effort and Election

Reform on Voter Turnout in State Legislative Elections,” State Politics and Policy Quarterly 4: 74-93. o Gerber, Alan S., and Donald P. Green. 2005. “Corrections to Gerber and Green (2000), Replication of

Disputed Findings, and Reply to Imai (2005),” American Political Science Review 99: 301-13. o Imai, Kosuke. 2005. “Do Get-Out-the-Vote Calls Reduce Turnout? The Importance of Statistical Methods

for Field Experiments,” American Political Science Review 99: 283-300. o Berinsky, Adam J. 2005. “The Perverse Consequences of Electoral Reform in the United States,” American

Politics Research 33: 471-91.

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o Griffin, John D., and Michael Keane. 2006. “Descriptive Representation and the Composition of African American Turnout,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 998-1012.

o Gomez, Brad T., Thomas G. Hansford, and George A. Krause. 2007. “The Republicans Should Pray for Rain: Weather, Turnout, and Voting in U.S. Presidential Elections,” Journal of Politics 649-63.

o Whitby, Kenny J. 2007. “The Effect of Black Descriptive Representation on Black Electoral Turnout in the 2004 Elections,” Social Science Quarterly 88: 1010-23.

February 9 Campaigns and Elections: Candidate Decision Making

Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2005. It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don’t Run for Office, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Abramson, Paul R., John H. Aldrich, and David W. Rohde. 1987. “Progressive Ambition Among United States Senators: 1972-1988,” Journal of Politics, 49: 3-35.

Jacobson, Gary C. 1989. “Strategic Politics and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-1986,” American Political Science Review, 83: 773-94.

Stone, Walter J., L. Sandy Maisel, and Cerie D. Maestas. 2004. “Quality Counts: Extending the Strategic Politician Model of Incumbent Deterrence,” American Journal of Political Science, 48: 479-95.


West, Darrell. 1997. Air Wars: Television Advertising in Election Campaigns, 1952-1996, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.


Bartels, Larry M. 1985. “Resource Allocation in a Presidential Campaign,” Journal of Politics 47: 928-36.

Gurian, Paul-Henri. 1986. “Resource Allocation Strategies in Presidential Nominating Campaigns,” American Journal of Political Science, 30: 802-821.

Shaw, Daron R. 1999. “The Method behind the Madness: Presidential Electoral College Strategies, 1988-1996, Journal of Politics 61: 893-913.

Additional Readings

o Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1994. Issues, Candidate Image, and Priming: The Use of Private Polls in Kennedy's 1960, American Political Science Review, 88: 527-540.

o Mutz, Diana. 1995. “Effects of Horse-Race Coverage on Campaign Coffers: Strategic Contributing in Presidential Primaries, Journal of Politics, 57: 1015-42.

o Theilmann, John, and Allen Wilhite. 1998. “Campaign Tactics and the Decision to Attack,” Journal of Politics 60: 1050-62.

o Mayer, William. 2000. In Pursuit of the White House, 2000: How We Choose Presidential Nominees, ed. William Mayer, New York: Chatham House Publishers.

o Moncrief, Gary F., Peverill Squire, and Malcolm E. Jewell. 2001. Who Runs for the Legislature? New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.

o Dammore, David F. 2002. “Campaign Strategy and the Decision to Go Negative,” Political Research Quarterly 55: 669-86.

o Flowers, Julianne F., Audrey A. Haynes, and Michael H. Crespin. 2003. “The Media, the Campaign, and the Message,” American Journal of Politics Science 47: 259-73.

o Maestas, Cherie D., Sarah Fulton, L. Sandy Maisel, Walter J. Stone. 2006. “When to Risk It? Institutions, Ambitions, and the Decision to Run for the U.S. House,” American Political Science Review 100: 195-208.

February 16 Mardi Gras February 23 Campaigns and Elections: Voters and Outcomes

Shaw, Daron R. 1999. “A Study of Presidential Campaign Event Effects from 1952-1992, Journal of Politics 62: 387-422.

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Hillygus, D. Sunshine, and Simon Jackman. 2003. “Voter Decision Making in Election 2000: Campaign Effects, Partisan Activation, and the Clinton Legacy,” American Journal of Political Science 47: 583-596.

Sigelman, Lee, and Emmett H. Buell, Jr. 2004. “Avoidance or Engagement? Issue Convergence in U.S. Presidential Campaigns, 1960-2000,” American Journal of Political Science 48: 650-61.

Brandice, Canes-Wrone, David W. Brady, and John F. Cogan. 2002. “Out of Step, Out of Office: Electoral Accountability and House Members‟ Voting,” American Political Science Review 96: 127-140.

Basinger, Scott J., and Howard Lavine. 2005. “Ambivalence, Information, and Electoral Choice,” American Political Science Review 99: 169-84.

Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., David C. Kimball, Scott R. Meinke, and Katherine Tate. 2003. “The Effects of Political Representation on the Electoral Advantages of House Incumbents,” Political Research Quarterly 56: 259-270.

Carey, John M., Richard G. Niemi, and Lynda W. Powell. 2000. “Incumbency and the Probability of Reelection in State Legislative Elections,” Journal of Politics 62: 671-700.

Nicholson, Stephen P. 2003. “The Political Environment and Ballot Proposition Awareness,” American Journal of Political Science 47: 403-410.


Finkel, Steven E. 1993. “Reexamining the „Minimal Effects‟ Model in Recent Presidential Campaigns,” Journal of Politics 55: 1-21.

Lodge, Milton, Marco R. Steenbergen, and Shawn Brau. 1995. “The Responsive Voter: Campaign Information and the Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation,” American Political Science Review 89: 309-26.

Bartels, Larry M. 1996. “Uninformed Votes: Information Effects in Presidential Elections,” American Journal of Political Science 40: 194-230.


Holbrook, Thomas M. 1996. Do Elections Matter? Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Extra Reading Option 4.3

Kahn, Kim Fridkin and Patrick J. Kenney. 1999. The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.


Lau, Richard R., Lee Sigelman, Caroline Heldman, and Paul Babbitt. 1999. “The Effects of Negative Political Advertisements: A Meta-Analytic Assessment, American Political Science Review, 93: 851-875.

Kahn, Kim Fridkin, and Patrick J. Kenny. 1999. “Do Negative Campaigns Moblize or Suppress Turnout? Clarifying the Relationship Between Negativity and Participation,” American Political Science Review, 93: 877-889.

Ansolabehere, Stephen D., Shanto Iyengar, and Adam Simon. 1999. “Replicating Experiments Using Aggregate and Survey Data: The Case of Negative Advertising and Turnout,” American Political Science Review, 93: 901-909.


Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Alan Gerber. 1994. “The Mismeasure of Campaign Spending: Evidence from the 1990 U.S. House Elections,” Journal of Politics, 56: 1106-18.

Gerber, Alan. 1998. “Estimating the Effect of Campaign Spending on Senate Election Outcomes Using Instrumental Variables,” American Political Science Review 92: 401-11.

Gierzynski, Anthony, Paul Kleppner, and James Lewis. 1998. “Money or the Machine: Money and Votes in Chicago Aldermanic Elections,” American Politics Quarterly, 26: 160-73.

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Additional Readings o Mayhew, David. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. o Markus, Gregory B., and Philip E. Converse. 1979. “A Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Model of Electoral

Choice,” American Political Science Review, 73: 1055-1089. o Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections, New Haven: Yale University Press. o Garand, James, and Donald A. Gross. 1984. “Changes in the Vote Margins for Congressional Candidates: A

Specification of Historical Trends,” American Political Science Review, March: 17-31. o Green, Donald P., and Jonathan S. Krasno. 1986. “Salvation for the Spendthrift Incumbent: Re-estimating the

Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections,” American Journal of Political Science, 32: 884-907. o Bartels, Larry. 1987. “Candidate Choice and the Dynamics of the Presidential Nominating Process,” American

Journal of Political Science, 31: 1-30. o Jacobson, Gary C. 1987. “The Marginals Never Vanish: Incumbency and Competition in Elections to the U.S.

House of Representatives, 1952-1982, American Journal of Political Science, 31: 126-41. o Chubb, John E. 1988. “Institutions, the Economy, and the Dynamics of State Elections,” American Political

Science Review 82: 133-54. o Abramowitz, Alan I. 1988. “Explaining Senate Election Outcomes,” American Political Science Review, 82: 385-403. o Aldrich, John, John Sullivan, and Eugene Borgida. 1989. “Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting: Do Presidential

Candidates Waltz Before a Blind Audience?” American Political Science Review, 83: 123-41. o Lodge, Milton, Kathleen McGraw, and Pat Stroh. 1989. “An Impression-Driven Model of Candidate

Formation,” American Political Science Review 83: 399-420. o Popkin, Samuel L. 1991. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns, Chicago:

University of Chicago Press. o Marcus, George E., and Michael B. MacKuen. 1993. “Anxiety, Enthusiasm, and the Vote: The Emotional

Underpinnings of Learning and Involvement During Presidential Campaigns,” American Political Science Review, 87: 672-685.

o Lupia, Arthur. 1994. “Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections,” American Political Science Review 88: 63-76.

o Kenny and McBurnett. 1994. “An Individual-Level Mutliequation Model of Expenditure Effects in Contested House Elections,” American Political Science Review, 88: 699-710.

o Krasno, Jonthan S. 1994. Challengers, Competition, and Reelection: Comparing Senate and House Elections, New Haven: Yale University Press.

o Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Randall W. Partin. 1995. “Economic and Referendum Voting: A Comparison of Gubernatorial and Senatorial Elections,” American Political Science Review 89: 99-107.

o Mondak, Jeffrey J. 1995. “Competence, Integrity, and the Electoral Success of Congressional Incumbents,” Journal of Politics 57: 1043-69.

o Just, Marion R., Ann N. Crigler, Dean A. Alger, Timothy E. Cook, Montague Kern, and Darrell M. West. 1996. Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates, and the Media in a Presidential Campaign, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

o Gierzynski, Anthony, and David Breaux. 1996. “Legislative Elections and the Importance of Money,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 21: 337-58.

o Van Dunk, Emily, and Ronald E. Weber. 1997. “Constituency-Level Competition in the U.S. States, 1968-1988: A Pooled Analysis,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 22: 141-159.

o Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 1997. “Voting Correctly,” American Political Science Review 91: 585-598. o Shaw, Daron R. 1999. “The Effect of TV Ads and Candidate Appearances on Statewide Presidential Votes,

1988-96,” American Political Science Review, 93: 345-61. o Sellers, Patrick J. 1998. “Strategy and Background in Congressional Campaigns,” American Political Science

Review, 92(1): 159-71. o Finkel, Steven E., and John G. Geer. 1998. “A Spot Check: Casting Doubt on the Demobilizing Effect of

Attack Advertising,” American Journal of Political Science 42: 573-95. o Wattenberg, Martin P., and Craig Leonard Brians. 1999. “Negative Campaign Advertising: Demobilizer or

Mobilizer?” American Political Science Review, 93: 891-899. o Berry, William D., Michael B. Berkman, and Stuart Schneiderman. 2000. “Legislative Professionalism and Incumbent

Reelection: The Development of Institutional Boundaries,” American Political Science Review, 94, 4: 859-74. o Kahn, Kim Fridkin, and Patrick J. Kenney. 2002. “The Slant of the News: How Editorial Endorsements

Influence Campaign Coverage and Citizens‟ Views of Candidates,” American Political Science Review, 96: 381-94. o Abbe, Owen G., Jay Goodliffe, Paul S. Herrnson, and Kelly D. Patterson. 2003. “Agenda Setting in

Congressional Elections: The Impact of Issues and Campaigns on Voting Behavior,” Political Research Quarterly, 56(4): 419-30.

10

o Meinke, Scott R., Jeffrey K. Staton, and Steven T. Wuhs. 2006. “State Delegate Selection Rules for Presidential Nominations, 1972-2000,” Journal of Politics 68: 180-93.

o Brooks, Deborah Jordan. 2006. “The Resilient Voter: Moving Toward Closure in the Debate over Negative Campaigning and Turnout,” Journal of Politics 68: 684-96.

o Carson, Jamie L., Erik J. Engstrom, and Jason M. Roberts. 2007. “Candidate Quality, the Personal Vote, and the Incumbency Advantage in Congress,” American Political Science Review 101: 289-301.

o Panagopoulos, Costas, and Donald P. Green. 2008. “Field Experiments Testing the Impact of Radio Advertisements on Electoral Competition,” American Journal of Political Science 52: 156-68.

March 2 Political Parties

Bartels, Larry M. 2000. “Partisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952-1996,” American Journal of Political Science 44: 35-50.

Frendreis, John P., James L. Gibson, and Laura L. Vertz. 1990. “The Electoral Relevance of Local Party Organizations,” American Political Science Review 84: 225-35.

Coleman, John T. 1996. “Party Organizational Strength and Public Support for Parties,” American Journal of Political Science 40: 805-24.

Nokken, Timothy P. 2003. “Ideological Congruence Versus Electoral Success: Distribution of Party Organization Contributions in Senate Elections, 1990-2000,” American Politics Research 31: 3-26.

Ansolabehere, Stephen, James M. Snyder, Jr., and Charles Stewart, III. 2001. “The Effects of Party and Preferences on Congressional Roll-Call Voting,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26: 533-573.

Barrilleaux, Charles, Thomas Holbrook, and Laura Langer. 2002. “Electoral Competition, Legislative Balance, and American State Welfare Policy,” American Journal of Political Science 46: 415-27.

Masket, Seth E. 2007. “It Takes and Outsider: Extralegislative Organization and Partisanship in the California Assembly, 1849-2006,” American Journal of Political Science 51: 482-97.


Aldrich, John H. 1995. Why Parties? The Origins and Transformation of Political Parties in America, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.


Rosenstone, Steven J., Roy L. Behr, and Edward H. Lazarus. 1984. Third Parties in America: Citizen Response to Major Party Failure, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.


Keith, B., David Magleby, Candice Nelson, E. Orr., Mark Westyle, and Rayomnd Wolfinger. 1992. The Myth of the Independent Voter, Berkeley: University of California Press.


Damore, David F., and Thomas G. Hansford. 1999. “The Allocation of Party Controlled Campaign Resources in the House of Representatives, 1989-1996,” Political Research Quarterly 52: 371-385.

Heberlig, Eric S. 2003. “Congressional Parties, Fundraising, and Committee Ambition,” Political Research Quarterly 56: 151-61.

Stonecash, Jeffrey M. 1988. “Working at the Margins: Campaign Finance and Party Strategy in New York Assembly Elections,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 13: 477-94.

11

Additional Reading o Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York: Harper and Row. o Schlesinger, Joseph. 1984. “On the Theory of Party Organization,” Journal of Politics, May: 369-400. o Patterson and Caldeira, 1984. “The Etiology of Partisan Competition,” American Political Science Review, 78: 691-

707. o Finkel, Stephen, and Howard A. Scarrow. 1985. “Party identification and Party Enrollment: The Difference

and the Consequence,” Journal of Politics 47: 620-42. o Joseph Schlesinger. 1994. Political Parties and the Winning of Office, Ann Arbour: University of Michigan. o Brown, Robert. 1995. “Party Cleavages and Welfare Effort in the American States” American Political Science

Review, 89: 23-33. o Snyder, James M., Jr., and Tim Groseclose. 2000. “Estimating Party Influence in Congressional Roll-Call

Voting,” American Journal of Political Science 44: 187-205. o Aldrich, John H., and James S. Coleman Battista. 2002. “Conditional Party Government in the States,”

American Journal of Political Science 46: 164-72. o Wright, Gerald C., Brian E. Schaffner. 2002. “The Influence of Party: Evidence from the State Legislatures,”

American Political Science Review 96: 367-379. o Carsey, Thomas M., and Geoffrey C. Layman. 2006. “Changing Sides or Changing Minds? Party Identification

and Policy Preferences in the American Electorate,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 464-77. March 9 Interest Groups

Rothenberg, Lawrence. 1988. “Organizational Maintenance and the Retention Decision in Groups,” American Political Science Review, 82: 1129-52.

Crowley, Jocelyn Elise, and Theda Skocpol. 2001. “The Rush to Organize: Explaining Associational Formation in the United States, 1860s-1920s,” American Journal of Political Science 45: 813-29.

Hall, Richard, and Frank Wayman. 1990. “Buying Time,” American Political Science Review September: 797-820.

Ansolabehere, Stephen, John M. de Figueiredo, and James M. Snyder. 2003. “Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 17: 105-130.

Gordon, Stacy B. 2001. “All Votes Are Not Created Equal: Campaign Contributions and Critical Votes,”

Journal of Politics 63: 249-269.

Fellowes, Matthew C., and Patrick J. Wolf. 2004. “Funding Mechanisms and Policy Instruments: How Business Campaign Contributions Influence Congressional Votes,” Political Research Quarterly 57: 315-24.

Hojnacki, Marie, and David Kimball. 1998. “Organized Interests and the Decision of Whom to Lobby in Congress,” American Political Science Review, 92: 775-790.

Rudolph, Thomas J. 1999. “Corporate and Labor PAC Contributions in House Elections: Measuring the Effects of Majority Party Status,” Journal of Politics 61: 195-206.


Berry, Jeffrey M. 1999. The New Liberalism: The Rising Power of Citizen Groups, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.


Goldstein, Kenneth M. 1999. Interest Groups, Lobbying, and Participation in America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

12


Nownes, Anthony J., and Patricia Freeman. 1998. “Interest Group Activity in the States,” Journal of Politics, 60: 86-112.

Thompson, Joel A., William E. Cassie, and Malcolm E. Jewell. 1994. “A Sacred Cow or Just a Lot of Bull? Party and PAC Money in State Legislative Elections,” Political Research Quarterly, 47: 223-237.

Wiggins, Charles W., Keith E. Hamm; and Charles G. Bell. 1992. “Interest-Group and Party Influence Agents in the Legislative Process: A Comparative State Analysis,” Journal of Politics, 54: 82-100.


Gray, Virginia, and David Lowery. 1998. “To Lobby Along on in a Flock: Foraging Behavior Among Organized Interests,” American Politics Quarterly 26: 5-34.

Nownes, Anthony J. 2000. “Policy Conflict and the Structure of Interest Communities: A Comparative State Analysis,” American Politics Quarterly 28: 309-327.

Hojnacki, Marie 1997. “Interest Groups‟ Decision to Join Alliances or Work Alone,” American Journal of Political Science 61-87.


Langbein, Laura I. 1986. “Money and Access: Some Empirical Evidence,” Journal of Politics 48: 1052- 62.

Wright, John R. 1990. “Contributions, Lobbying, and Committee Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives,” American Political Science Review June: 417-38.

Quinn, Dennis P. and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1991. “Business Political Power: The Case of Taxation,” American Political Science Review September: 851-74.

Additional Reading

o Schattschneider, E.E. 1960. The Semisovereign People, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. o Bauer, Raymond A., Ithiel de Sola Pool, and Lewis Anthony Dexter. 1963. American Business and Public Policy:

The Politics of Foreign Trade, New York: Atherton Press. o Olson, Manur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. o Salisbury, Robert. 1969. “An Exchange Theory of Interest Groups,” Midwestern Journal of Political Science 13: 1-

32. o Berry, Jeffrey. 1977. Lobbying for the People: The Political Behavior of Public Interest Groups, Pinceton: Princeton

University Press. o Lowi, Theodore. 1979. The End of Liberalism, 2nd edition, New York: W.W. Norton. o Moe, Terry. 1980. The Organization of Interests, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. o Walker, Jack L. 1983. “The Origins and Maintenance of Interest Groups in American,” American Political

Science Review, June: 390-406. o Salisbury, Robert. 1984. “Interest Representation: The Dominance of Institutions,” American Poltiical Science

Review 78: 64-76. o Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1984. “What Accent the Heavenly Chorus? Political Equality and the American

Pressure System,” Journal of Politics, 46: 1006-1031. o John Wright. 1985. “PACs, Contributions and Roll Calls: An Organizational Perspective,” American Political

Science Review 5: 400-414. o Janet Grenske. 1989. “PACs and the Congressional Supermarket: The Currency is Complex,” American Journal

of Political Science 13 (February) : 1-24. o Salisbury, Robert H., Paul Johnson, John P. Heinz, Edward O. Laumann, and Robert L. Nelson. 1989. “Who

You Know versus What You Know: The Uses of Government Experience for Washington Lobbyists,” American Journal of Political Science 33: 175-195.

o Hall, Richard, and Frank Wayman. 1990. “Buying Time,” American Political Science Review September: 797-820. o Heinz, John P., Edward O. Laumann, Robert H. Salisbury and Robert L. Nelson. 1990. “Inner Circles or

Hollow Cores: Elite Networks in National Policy Systems,” Journal of Politics 52: 356-90. o Austen-Smith, David, and John R. Wright. 1994. “Counteractive Lobbying,” American Journal of Political Science,

38: 25-44. o Dow, Jay and J. Endersby. 1994. “Campaign Contributions & Legislative Voting in the California Assembly,”

American Politics Quarterly (July): 334-353. o Lowery, David, and Virginia Gray. 1995. “The Population Ecology of Gucci Gulch or the Natural Regulation

of Interest Group Numbers in the American States,” American Journal of Political Science 39: 1-29.

13

o Evans, Diana. 1996. “Before the Roll Call: Interest Group Lobbying and Public Policy Outcomes in House Committees,” Political Research Quarterly 49: 287-304.

o Hojnacki, Marie. 1997. “Interest Groups‟ Decisions to Join Alliances or Work Alone,” American Journal of Political Science 41: 67-87.

o Nownes, Anthony J., and Patricia Freeman. 1998. “Interest Group Activity in the States,” Journal of Politics 60: 86-112.

o Kollman, Ken. 1998. Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

o Gerber, Elisabeth R. 1999. The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and The Promise of Direct Legislation, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

o Hula, Kevin W. 1999. Lobbying Together: Interest Group Coalitions in Legislative Politics, Washington: Georgetown University Press.

o Skocpol, Theda, Marshall Ganz, and Ziad Munson. 2000. “A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional Origins of Civic Volunteerism in the United States,” American Political Science Review, 94: 527-546.

o Chin, Michelle L., Jon R. Bond, and Nehemia Geva. 2000. “A Foot in the Door: An Experimental Study of PAC and Constituency Effects on Access,” Journal of Politics 62: 534-49.

o Wawro, Gegory. 2001. “A Panel Probit Analysis of Campaign Contributions and Roll-Call Votes,” American Journal of Political Science 45: 563-79.

o Hall, Richard L., and Alan V. Deardorff. 2006. “Lobbying as Legislative Subsidy,” American Political Science Review 100: 69-84.

o Witko, Christopher. 2006. “PACs, Issue Context, and Congressional Decisionmaking,” Political Research Quarterly 59: 283-95.

March 16: Mass Media

Arnold, R. Douglas. 2004. Congress, the Press, and Political Accountability, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Extra Reading Option 7.1

Entman, Robert M. 1989. “How the Media Affect What People Think: An Information Processing Approach,” Journal of Politics 51: 347-70.

Kuklinski, James H., and Lee Sigelman. 1992. “When Objectivity Is Not Objective: Network Television News Coverage of U.S. Senators and the „Paradox of Objectivity‟,” Journal of Politics 54:810-33.

Groseclose, Tim, and Jeffrey Milyo. 2005. “A Measure of Media Bias,” Quarterly Journal of Economics,” 70: 1191-1237.


Gilens, Martin, and Craig Hertzman. 2000. “Corporate Ownership and News Bias: Newspaper Coverage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act,” Journal of Politics 62: 369-86.

Schaffner, Brian F., and Patrick J. Sellers. 2003. „„The Structural Determinants of Local Congressional News Coverage,‟‟ Political Communication 20: 41–57.

Dunaway, Johanna. 2008. “Markets, Ownership, and the Quality of Campaign News Coverage,” Journal of Politics, 70: 1193-1202.


Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Additional Reading

o Hallin, Daniel C. 1984. “The Media, the War in Vietnam, and Political Support: A Critique of the Thesis of an Oppositional Media,” Journal of Politics 46: 2-24.

o Iyengar, Shanto. 1987. “Television News and Citizens‟ Explanations of National Affairs,” American Political Science Review, 81: 815-32.

o Iyangar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. 1989. News that Matters, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. o Westley, Mark C. 1991. Senate Elections and Campaign Intensity, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. o Patterson, Thomas E. 1993. Out of Order, New York: Knopf. o Bartels, Larry M. 1993. “Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure,” American Political Science

Review 87: 267-85.

14

o Danielian, Lucig H., and Benjamin I. Page. 1994. “The Heavenly Chorus: Interest Group Voices on TV News,” American Journal of Political Science 38: 1056-78.

o Huckfeldt, Robert, and John Sprague. 1995. Citizens, Politics, and Social Communication: Information and the Influence in an Election Campaign, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

o Prinz, Timothy S. 1995. “Media Markets and Candidate Awareness in House Elections, 1978-1990,” Political Communication 12: 305-25.

o Alvarez, R. Michael, and Paul Gronke. 1996. “Citizens and Legislators: Learning about the Persian Gulf War Resolution,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 21: 105-28.

o Groeling, Tim, and Samuel Kernell. 1998. “Is Network News Coverage of the President Biased?” Journal of Politics 60: 1063-87.

o Cook, Timothy E. 1998. Governing With the News: The News Media as a Political Institution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

o Edwards, George C., and B. Dan Wood. 1999. “Who Influences Whom: The President, Congress, and the Media,” American Political Science Review 93: 327-44.

o Gilliam, Franklin D., Jr., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. “Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public,” American Journal of Political Science 44: 560-73.

o Woolley, John T. 2000. “Using Media-Based Data in Studies of Politics,” American Journal of Political Science, 44: 156-713.

o Druckman, James N., and Michael Parkin. 2005. “The Impact of Media Bias: How Editorial Slant Affects Voters,” Journal of Politics 67: 1030-49.

o Ansolabehere, Stephen, Erik C. Snowberg, and James M. Snyder, Jr. 2006. “Television and the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 31: 469-490.

o Atlhaus, Scott L., and Young Mie Kim. 2006. “Priming Effects in Complex Information Environments: Reassessing the Impact of News Discourse on Presidential Approval,” Journal of Politics 68: 960-76.

o Prior, Markus. 2006. “The Incumbent in the Living Room: The Rise of Television and the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections,” Journal of Politics 68: 657-73.

March 23 Legislatures

Polsby, Nelson. 1968. “The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives,” American Political Science Review 62: 144-68.

Cooper, Joseph and David Brady. 1981. “Institutional Context and Leadership Style: The House from Cannon to Rayburn, American Political Science Review 75: 411-25.

Wirls, Daniel. 2007. “The „Golden Age‟ Senate and Floor Debate in the Antebellum Congress,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 32: 193-222.

Binder, Sarah. 1996. “The Partisan Basis of Procedural Choice: Allocating Parliamentary Rights in the House, 1789-1990,” American Political Science Review 90: 8-20.

Krehbiel, Keith. 1990. “Are Congressional Committees Composed of Preference Outliers?” American Political Science Review, 84: 149-64.

Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Laura W. Arnold, and Christopher J. Zorn. 1997. “The Strategic Timing of Position Taking in Congress: A Study of the North American Free Trade Agreement, American Political Science Review 91: 324-38.

Carey, John M., Richard G. Niemi, and Lynda W. Powell. 1998. “The Effects of Term Limits on State Legislatures,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 23: 271-300.


Kingdon, John. 1989. Congressmen’s Voting Decisions 3rd ed., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

15


Coleman, John J. 1999. “Unified Government, Divided Government, and Party Responsiveness,” American Political Science Review, 93: 821-835.


Krehbiel, Keith. 1998. Pivotal Politics: A Theory of U.S. Lawmaking, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Extra Reading Option 8.4

Maltzman, Forrest. 1998. Competing Principals: Committees, Parties, and the Organization of Congress, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.


Polsby, Nelson W. 2004. How Congress Evolves: Social Bases of Institutional Change, New York: Oxford University Press.


Wawro, Gregory. 2000. Legislative Entrepreneurship in the U.S. House of Representatives, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Additional Reading

o Matthews, Donald R. 1960. U.S. Senators and Their World, New York: Vintage Books. o Fenno, Richard F. 1973. Congressmen in Committees, Boston: Little Brown and Co. o Fiorina, Morris. 1978. Congress—Keystone of the Washington Establishment, New Haven: Yale University Press. o Weisberg, Herbert F. 1978. “Evaluating Theories of Congressional Roll-Call Voting,” American Journal of

Political Science, 22: 554-577. o Jacobson, Gary. 1980. Money in Congressional Elections, New Haven: Yale University Press. o McCubbins, Matthew D., and Thomas Schwartz. 1984. “Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols

versus Fire Alarms,” American Journal of Political Science, 28: 165-179. o Shepsle, Keith, Kenneth A. Shepsle, and Barry R. Weingast. 1987. “Why Are Congressional Committees

Powerful? American Political Science Review 81: 929-45. o Shepsle, Keith, and Barry R. Weingast. 1987. The Institutional Foundations of Committee Power,” American

Political Science Review 81: 85-104. o Arnold, Douglas. 1990. The Logic of Congressional Action, New Haven: Yale University Press. o Krehbiel, Keith. 1991. Information and Legislative Organizations, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. o Cox, Gary W., and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1991. “On the Decline of Party Voting in Congress,” Legislative

Studies Quarterly, 16: 547-570. o Rhode, David. 1991. Parties and Leaders in the Post-Reform House, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. o Mayhew, David. 1991. Divided We Govern, New Haven: Yale University Press. o Sinclair, Barbara. 1992. “The Emergence of Strong Leadership in the 1980s House of Representatives,” Journal

of Politics 54: 657-84. o Cox, Gary, and Matthew McCubbins. 1993. Legislative Leviathan, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. o Kingdon, John. 1995. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, 2nd edition, New York: Harper Collins. o Hall, Richard L. 1996. Participation in Congress, New Haven: Yale University Press. o Poole, Keith, and Howard Rosenthal. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll-Call Voting. New York:

Oxford University Press. o Binder, Sarah. 1999. “The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock,” American Political Science Review, 93: 519-534. o Groseclose, Tim, Steven D. Levitt, and James M. Snyder, Jr. 1999. “Comparing Interest Group Scores across

Time and Chambers: Adjusted ADA Scores for the U.S. Congress,” American Political Science Review, 93: 33-50. o McCarty, Nolan, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal. 2001. “The Hunt for Party Discipline in Congress,”

American Political Science Review 95: 673-88. o Martin, Andrew. 2001. “Congressional Decision-Making and the Separation of Powers,” American Political

Science Review 95: 361-78. o Cox, Gary W. and Keith T. Poole. 2002. “On Measuring Partisanship in Roll Call Voting: The U.S. House of

Representatives 1877-1999,” American Journal of Political Science 46: 477-89. o Evans, Diana. 2004. Greasing the Wheels: Using Pork Barrel Projects to Build Majority Coalitions in Congress,

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

16

o Jenkins, Shannon. 2006. “The Impact of Party and Ideology on Roll-Call Voting in State Legislatures,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 235-57.

o Mondak, Jeffery J., Edward G. Carmines, Robert Huckfeldt, Dona-Gene Mitchell, and Scot Schraufnagel. 2007. “Does Familiarity Breed Contempt? The Impact of Information on Mass Attitudes toward Congress,” American Journal of Political Science 51: 34-48.

March 30 Representation

Bishin, Benjamin G. 2009. Tyranny of the Minority: The Subconstituency Politics Theory of Representation, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.


Whitby, Kenny J. 1997. The Color of Representation: Congressional Behavior and Black Interests, Ann Arbour: University of Michigan Press.


Burrell, Barbara C. 1994. A Woman’s Place is in the House: Campaigning for Congress in the Feminist Era, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.


Bianco, William T. 1994. Trust: Representatives and Constituents, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Additional Reading

o Miller, Warren E., and Donald E. Stokes. 1963. “Constituency Influence in Congress,” American Political Science Review 57: 45-56.

o Pitkin, Hanna. 1967. The Concept of Representation, Berkeley: University of California Press. o Fiorina. 1974. Representatives, Roll Calls, and Constituencies, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. o Eulau, Heinz, and Paul D. Karps. 1977. “The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying the Components of

Responsiveness,” Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2: 233-54. o Fenno, Richard F. 1977. “U.S. House Members in Their Constituencies: An Exploration” American Political

Science Review 71: 883-917. o Richard F. 1978. Home Style: House Members in their Districts, New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers. o Thomas, Martin. 1985. “Election Proximity and Senatorial Roll Call Voting,” American Journal of Political Science,

29: 96-111. o Bartels, Larry M. 1991. “Constituency Opinion and Congressional Policy Making: The Reagan Defense

Buildup.” American Political Science Review 85: 457-474. o Stimson, James A., Michael B. Mackuen, and Robert S. Erikson. 1995. “Dynamic Representation,” American

Political Science Review, 89: 543-565. o Swain, Carol. 1995. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African-Americans in Congress, Boston, MA:

Harvard University Press. o Cameron, Charles, David Epstein, and Sharyn O‟Halloran. 1996. “Do Majority-Minority Districts Maximize

Substantive Black Representation in Congress,” American Political Science Review 90: 794-812. o Lublin, David. 1997. “The Election of African Americans and Latinos to the U.S. House of Representatives,

1972-1994,” American Politics Quarterly, 25: 269-286. o Bratton, Kathleen A., and Kerry L. Haynie. 1999. “Agenda Setting and Legislative Success in State

Legislatures: The Effects of Gender and Race,” Journal of Politics 61: 658-79. o Hill, Kim Quaile, and Patricia A. Hurley. 1999. “Dyadic Representation Reappraised,” American Journal of

Political Science, 43: 109-137. o Canon, David. 1999. Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts.

Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. o Lublin, David. 1999. The Paradox of Representation: Racial Gerrymandering and Minority Interests in Congress,

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. o Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent

Yes,” Journal of Politics, 61: 628-57. o Hill, Kim Quaile, and Patricia Hurley. 1999. “Dyadic Representation Reappraised,” American Journal of Political

Science 43: 109-37.

17

o Gay, Claudine. 2000. “The Effects of Black Congressional Representation on Political Participation,” American Political Science Review 95: 589-602.

o Dovi, Suzanne. 2002. “Preferable Descriptive Representatives: Will Just Any Woman, Black, or Latino Do?” American Political Science Review, 96: 729-44.

o Smith, Michael A. 2003. Bringing Representation Home: State Legislators Among Their Constituents, Columbia: University of Missouri Press.

o Tate, Katherine. 2004. Black Faces in the Mirror: African Americans and Their Representatives in Congress, NJ: Princeton University Press.

o Preuhs, Robert R. 2006. “The Conditional Effects of Minority Descriptive Representation: Black Legislators and Policy Influence in the American States,” Journal of Politics 68: 585-99.

o Philot, Tasha S., and Hanes Walton, Jr. 2007. “One of Our Own: Black Female Candidates and the Voters Who Support Them,” American Journal of Political Science 51: 49-62.

o Trounstine, Jessica L., and Melody E. Valdini. 2008. “The Context Matters: The Effects of Single Member vs. At-Large Districts on City Council Diversity,” American Journal of Political Science, 52: 554–569

April 6 Spring Break April 13 Executives

Canes-Wrone, Brandice. 2005. Who Leads Whom? Presidents, Policy, and the Public, Chicago: The University of Chicago.


Neustadt, Richard. 1990. Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan, New York: Free Press.


Burke, John P. 1992. The Institutional Presidency, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Extra Reading Option 10.3

Cohen, Jeffrey. 1995. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda,” American Journal of Political Science, 39: 87-107.

Johnson, Timothy R., and Jason Roberts. 2004. “Presidential Capital and the Supreme Court Confirmation Process.” Journal of Politics 64: 337-361.

Eshbaugh-Soha, Matthew. 2008. “The Impact of Presidential Speeches on the Bureaucracy,” Social Science Quarterly 89: 116-32.


Bond, Jon R., and Richard Fleisher. 1990. The President in the Legislative Arena, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Additional Readings

o Allison, Graham. 1969. “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis,” American Political Science Review, 63: 689-718.

o Barber, James David. 1972. The Presidential Character, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. o Mueller, John. 1973. War, Presidents, and Public Opinion, New York: Wiley. o Kellerman, Barbara. 1984. The Political Presidency, New York: Oxford University Press. o Rohde, David W., and Dennis M. Simon. 1985. “Presidential Vetoes and Congressional Response: A Study of

Institutional Conflict,” American Journal of Political Science 29: 397-427. o Ostrom, Jr., Charles W., and Brian L. Job. 1986. “The President and the Political Use of Force,” American

Political Science Review 80: 541-66. o Hess, Stephen. 1988. Organizing the Presidency, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. o Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Matthew McCubbins. 1988. “Presidential Influence on Congressional

Appropriation Decisions,” American Journal of Political Science 32: 713-36. o Wilson, James Q. 1989. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It, New York: Basic

Books.

18

o Peterson, Mark A. 1990. Legislating Together: The White House and Capital Hill from Eisenhower to Reagan, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

o Sullivan, Terry. 1990. “Bargaining with the President,” American Political Science Review, 84: 1167-96. o Wood, B. Dan, and Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy,”

American Political Science Review, 85: 801-28. o Brace, Paul, and Barbara Hinckley. 1993. “Presidential Activities from Truman through Reagan: Timing and

Impact,” Journal of Politics, 55: 382-98. o Skowronek, Stehen. 1993. The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to George Bush, Cambridge, MA:

Belknap Press. o Meernik, James, and Peter Waterman. 1996. “The Myth of the Diversionary use of Force by American

Presidents,” Political Research Quarterly, 49: 573-590. o Kernell, Samuel. 1997. Going Public, 3rd edition, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press. o Ragsdale, Lyn, and John J. Theis. 1997. “The Institutionalization of the American Presidency, 1924-92,”

American Journal of Political Science, 41: 1280-1318. o Ragsdale, Lyn, and John J. Theis. 1997. “The Institutionalization of the American Presidency, 1924-92,”

American Journal of Political Science, 41: 1280-1318. o Krutz, Glen S., Richard Fleisher, and Jon R. Bond. 1998. “From Abe Fortas to Zoe Baird: Why Some

Presidential Nominations Fail in the Senate,” American Political Science Review, 92: 871-81. o Coleman, Sally, Jeffrey L. Brudney, and J. Edward Kellough. 1998. “Bureaucracy as a Representative

Institution: Toward a Reconciliation of Bureaucratic Government and Democratic Theory,” American Journal of Political Science, 42: 717-44.

o Carpenter, Daniel P. 2002. “Groups, the Media, Agency Waiting Costs, and FDA Drug Approval,” American Journal of Political Science 46: 490-505.

o Barrilleaux, Charles, and Michael Berkman. 2003. “Do Governors Matter? Budgeting Rules and the Policies of State Policymaking,” Political Research Quarterly 56: 409-17.

o Dickinson, Matthew J., and Matthew J. Lebo. 2007. “Reexamining the Growth of the Institutional Presidency, 1940-2000,” Journal of Politics 69: 206-19.

o Eshbaugh-Soha, Matthew. 2008. “The Impact of Presidential Speeches on the Bureaucracy,” Social Science Quarterly 89: 116-32.

o Canes-Wrone, Brandice, William Howell and David E. Lewis. 2008. “Toward a Broader Understanding of Presidential Power: A Reevaluation of the Two Presidencies Thesis,” Journal of Politics 70: 1-16.

April 20 Judicial Branch

Gibson, James L. 1983. “From Simplicity to Complexity: The Development of Theory in the Study of Judicial Behavior,” Political Behavior 5: 7-49.

Lee Epstein, Lee, René Lindstädt, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Chad Westerland. 2006. “The Changing Dynamics of Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees,” Journal of Politics, 68: 296–307.

McGuire, Kevin T., and James A. Stimson. 2004. “The Least Dangerous Branch Revisited: New Evidence on Supreme Court Responsiveness to Public Preferences,” Journal of Politics 66: 1018-35.

Giles, Michael W., Bethany Blackstone, and Richard Vining, Jr. 2008. “The Supreme Court in American Democracy: Unraveling the Linkages between Public Opinion and Judicial Decision Making,” Journal of Politics 70: 293-306.

Keck, Thomas M. 2007. “Party, Policy, or Duty: Why Does the Supreme Court Invalidate Federal Statutes?” American Political Science Review 101: 321-38.

Bonneau, Chris W. 2007. “Campaign Fundraising in State Supreme Court Elections,” Social Science Quarterly 88: 68-85.

Hall, Melinda Gann. 1992. “Electoral Politics and Strategic Voting in State Supreme Courts,” Journal of Politics, 55: 427-446.

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Segal, Jeffrey A., and Harold J. Spaeth. 2004. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Langer, Laura, Jody McMullen, Nicholas P. Ray, and Daniel D. Stratton. 2003. “Recruitment of Chief Justices on State Supreme Courts: A Choice between Institutional and Personal Goals,” Journal of Politics 65: 656-75.

Hall, Melinda Gann. 2001. “State Supreme Courts in American Democracy: Probing the Myths of Judicial Reform,” American Political Science Review, 95: 315-30.

Hall, Melinda Gann, and Chris W. Bonneau. 2006. “Does Quality Matter? Challengers in State Supreme Court Elections,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 20-33.


Mishler, William, and Reginald S. Sheehan. 1993. “The Supreme Court as a Countermajoritarian Institution? The Impact of Public Opinion on Supreme Court Decisions,” American Political Science Review, 87: 87-101.

Norpoth, Helmut, Jeffrey A. Segal, William Mishler, and Reginald S. Sheehan. 1994. “Popular Influence on Supreme Court Decisions,” American Political Science Review, 88: 711-724.

Caldeira, Gregory A., and John R. Wright. 1988. “Organized Interests and Agenda Setting in the U.S. Supreme Court,” American Political Science Review, 82: 1109-1127.

Additional Reading

o Dahl, Robert A. 1957. “Decision-Making in Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy Maker.” Journal of Politics 6: 279-295.

o Casper, Jonathan D. 1976. “The Supreme Court and National Policy-Making,” American Political Science Review, 70: 50-63.

o Tate, C. Neal. 1981. “Personal Attribute Models of the Voting Behavior of U.S. Supreme Court Justices: Liberalism in Civil Liberties and Economic Decisions 1946-1978.” American Political Science Review 75: 335-367.

o Ulmer, S. Sidney. 1984. “The Supreme Court‟s Certiorari Decisions: Conflict as a Predictive Variable.” American Political Science Review, 78: 901-11.

o Segal, Jeffrey. 1986. “Supreme Court Justices as Human Decision Makers: An Individual-Level Analysis of the Search and Seizure Cases,” Journal of Politics, 48: 938-955.

o Caldeira, Gregory A., and John R. Wright. 1988. “Organized Interests and Agenda Setting in the U.S. Supreme Court,” American Political Science Review, 82: 1109-27.

o Cameron, Charles M., Albert D. Cover, and Jeffery Segal. 1990. “Senate Voting on Supreme CourtNominees: A Neoinstitutional Model.” American Political Science Review 84: 525-534.

o Baum, Lawrence. 1992. “Membership Change and Collective Voting Change in the United States Supreme Court,” Journal of Politics, 54: 3-24.

o Haynie, Stacy. 1992. “Leadership and Consensus on the U.S. Supreme Court,” Journal of Politics, 54: 1158-69. o Hall, Melinda Gann. 1995. “Justices as Representatives: Elections and Judicial Politics in the American

States,” American Politics Quarterly, 23: 485-503. o Baum, Lawrence. 1997. The Puzzle of Judicial Behavior, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. o Flemming, Roy B., and B. Dan Wood. 1997. “The Public and the Supreme Court: Individual Justice

Responsiveness to American Policy Moods.” American Journal of Political Science 41: 468-498. o Caldeira, Gregory A., and Christopher J. W. Zorn. 1998. “Of Time and Consensual Norms in the Supreme

Court,” American Journal of Political Science, 42: 874-902. o Ogundele, Ayo, and Linda Camp Keith. 1999. “Reexamining the Impact of the Bork Nomination to the

Supreme Court,” Political Research Quarterly, 52: 403-420. o Haire, Susan, Donald Songer, and Reggie Sheehan. 2000. Continuity and Change in the United States Courts of

Appeals, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. o Hall, Melinda Gann. 2001. “Voluntary Retirements from State Supreme Courts: Assessing Democratic

Pressures to Relinquish the Bench,” Journal of Politics 63: 1112-1140. o Frymer, Paul. 2003. “Acting When Elected Officials Won‟t: Federal Courts and Civil Rights Enforcement in

U.S. Labor Unions, 1935-85,” American Political Science Review, 97: 483-99. o Huber, Gregory A., and Sandford C. Gordon. 2004. “Accountability and Coercion: Is Justice Blind When It

Runs for Office?” American Journal of Political Science, 48: 247-263. o Johnson, Timothy R., Paul J. Wahlbeck, and James F. Spriggs, II. 2006. “The Influence of Oral Arguments on

the U.S. Supreme Court,” American Political Science Review 100: 99-113.

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o Streb, Matthew J. 2007. Running for Judge: The Rising Political, Financial, and Legal Stakes of Judicial Elections, New York: NYU Press.

o Hall, Melinda Gann, and Chris W. Bonneau. 2006. “Does Quality Matter? Challengers in State Supreme Court Elections,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 20-33.

o Savchak, Elisha Carol, Thomas G. Hansford, Donald R. Songer, Kenneth L. Manning, and Robert A. Carp. 2006. “Taking It to the Next Level: The Elevation of District Court Judges to the U.S. Court of Appeals,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 478-93.

o Keck, Thomas M. 2007. “Party, Policy, or Duty: Why Does the Supreme Court Invalidate Federal Statutes.” American Political Science Review 101: 321-338.

o Gibson, James L. and Gregory A. Caldeira. 2009. “Knowing the Supreme Court? A Reconsideration of Public Ignorance on the High Court.” Journal of Politics 71: 429-441.

April 27 Local Institutions and Politics

Berkman, Michael B., and Eric Plutzer. 2005. Ten Thousand Democracies: Politics and Public Opinion in America’s School Districts, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.


Peterson, Paul E., and Mark Rom. 1989. “American Federalism, Welfare Policy, and Residential Choices, American Political Science Review, 83: 711-728.

Schram, Sandford, Lawrence Nitz, and Gary Kruegar. 1998. “Without Cause or Effect: Reconsidering Welfare Migration as a Policy Problem,” American Journal of Political Science, 42: 210-230.

Bailey, Michael A. 2005. “Welfare and the Multifaceted Decision to Move,” American Political Science Review, 99: 125-35.


Jones, Bryan D., and Frank R. Baumgartner. 2005. The Politics of Attention: How Government Priorities Problems, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.


Ringquist, Evan. 1993. “Does Regulation Matter?: Evaluating the Effects of State Air Population Control Programs,” Journal of Politics 55: 1022-1045.

Schneider, Mark, Paul Teske, Melissa Marschall, Michael Mintrom, and Christine Roch. 1997. “Institutional Arrangements and the Creation of Social Capital: The Effects of Public School Choice,” American Political Science Review 91: 82-93.

Smith, Kevin B. 1997. “Explaining Variation in State-Level Homicide Rates: Does Crime Policy Pay?” Journal of Politics, 59: 350-67.

Additional Reading

o Walker, Jack L. 1969. “The Diffusion of Innovations Among the American States,” American Political Science Review 63: 880-99.

o Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and John R. Alford. 1980. “Can Government Regulate Safety? The Coal Mine Example,” American Political Science Review 74: 745-56.

o Mazmanian, Daniel A., and Paul A. Sabatier. 1980. “A Multivariate Model of Public Policy-Making,” American Journal of Political Science, 24: 439-68.

o Lowery, David, and William Berry. 1983. “The Growth of Government in the United States: An Empirical Assessment of Competing Explanations,” American Journal of Political Science,” 27: 665-94.

o Berry, William, and David Lowery. 1987. “Explaining the Size of the Public Sector: Responsive and Excessive Government Interpretations,” Journal of Politics 49: 401-40.

o Garand, James C. 1988. Explaining Government Growth in the U.S. States,” American Political Science Review,” 82:837-49.

o Mazmanian, Daniel, and Paul Sabatier. 1989. Implementation and Public Policy, New York: University Press of America.

o Berry, Frances Stokes, and William D. Berry. 1990. “State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis,” American Political Science Review, 84: 395-416.

o Hill, Kim Quaile, and Jan E. Leighley. 1992. “The Policy Consequences of Class Bias in State Electorates,” American Journal of Political Science, 36: 351-65.

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o Brace, Paul. 1993. State Government and Economic Performance, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. o Ansolobehere, Stephen, Alan Gerber, and James Snyder. 2002. “Equal Votes, Equal Money: Court-Ordered

Redistricting and Public Expenditures in the American States,” American Political Science Review, 96: 767-77. o Hill, Kim Quaile. 2003. “Democratization and Corruption: Systematic Evidence from the American States,” American

Politics Research, 31: 613-631. o Smith, Kevin B. 2004. “The Politics of Punishment: Evaluating Political Explanations of Incarceration Rates,” Journal of

Politics, 66: 925-938. o Esterling, Kevin M. 2004. The Political Economy of Expertise: Information and Efficiency in American National Politics, Ann

Arbor: University of Michigan Press. o Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Benjamin I. Page. 2005. “Who Influences U.S. Foreign Policy?” American Political Science

Review, 99: 107-23. o Trounstine, Jessica L. 2006. “Dominant Regimes and the Demise of Urban Democracy,” Journal of Politics, 68: 879-93. o Volden, Craig. 2006. “States as Policy Laboratories: Emulating Success in the Children‟s Health Insurance Program,”

American Journal of Political Science 50: 294-312. o Krause, George A., David E. Lewis, and James W. Douglas. 2006. “Political Appointments, Civil Service Systems, and

Bureaucratic Competence: Organizational Balancing and Executive Branch Revenue Forecasts in the American States,” American Journal of Political Science 50: 770-87.

o Trounstine, Jessica Luce. 2008. Political Monopolies in American Cities: The Rise and Fall of Bosses and Reformers, Chicago: University Chicago Press.

May 4 Research Design Presentations

political science 7900 seminar in american politics spring ...lawless, jennifer l., and richard l....

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